Credit: CDC Visualization of American Diabetic Population (2005) http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/DDT_STRS2/NationalDiabetesPrevalenceEstimates.aspx

Credit: International Diabetes Foundation Visualization of Increase of Diabetes in Childrenhttp://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/5e/diabetes-in-the-young

Red/Green = T cellsBlue = Insulin

Credit: Tisch Lab, UNC

Before After

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

Burhan Riaz Ana LavalleLida Phillips

Background5% to 10% of the Diabetic community suffer from type 1 Diabetes.

26 million Americans with diabetes (8% of the population)

85% of people with Diabetes type 1 are adults.

Diabetes type 1 in children is expected to increase by 3% per year worldwide.

Diabetes has been known since antiquity but its pathogenesis was discovered in 1921.

Background ContinuedCaucasians are statistically more prone to Diabetes than African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans.

Familial history of diabetes increase likelihood of the disease.

First written description of diabetes appears on a 1500 BCE Egyptian manuscript

Symptoms

Dehydration Fatigue Blurry vision Polyphagia

Polyuria Dry skin Hyperventilation Nausea

Dramatic weight loss

Tingling sensation in

feet

Diagnostic Procedure

Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis

Glucometer; higher than 200mg/dl

Fasting plasma

glucose test; >126mg/dL

(FPG) Oral glucose tolerance

test; >200mg/dL

(OGTT)

Mechanism

Glucose is prevented from entering cell.

Destruction of Pancreatic beta cells which secrete insulin.

Autoimmune

disorder

Causes Hyperglycemia

Credit: User Meiquerhttp://www.idf.org/commons/8/8c/Insulin_glucose_metabolism.jpg

Treatment

Avoid alcohol and cigarettes. Change in diet. Physical activity.

Insulin replacement therapy by injection or

insulin pump.

Credit:Istockphotohttp://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20390441_2,00.html

ResearchUniversity of North Carolina School of Medicine.

Published June 29, 2012.

Antibodies specific for CD4/CD8.

Blood sugar returns to normal after 48 hours.

After 5 days, 80% of mice in remission..

Observed effect: Increase in regulatory T-cells.

https://dokuwiki.noctrl.edu/doku.php?id=bio:440:antigen_recognition_-_group_2

Citations Costanzo, Linda S.. Physiology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier, 2010. Print. Miller, Michael . "Increasing Diabetes Rate and Awareness in US | Health Policy and

Communications." Health Policy and Communications | Health Policy Consulting and Writing to Improve Quality, Reduce Costs, and Increase Value in US Healthcare. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. <http://www.healthpolcom.com/blog/2008/06/25/increasing-diabetes-rate-and-awareness-in-us/>.

"Diabetes in the young | International Diabetes Federation." International Diabetes Federation. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. <http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/5e/diabetes-in-the-young>.

"Diabetes Statistics - American Diabetes Association." American Diabetes Association Home Page - American Diabetes Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. <http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/>.

"What Are The Warning Signs Of Diabetes?." MamasHealth.com: simple, easy to understand information about health. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. <http://www.mamashealth.com/diabetes/di

"National Diabetes Statistics, 2011 - National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse." National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. <http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/sta

University of North Carolina School of Medicine (2012, July 5). Antibodies reverse type 1 diabetes in new immunotherapy animal study