Diabetes ABCs

Diabetes Care Centers

Henry Ford Health Systems

Sobering Statistics for Diabetes

Every 24 hours another …. 4100 people are diagnosed with diabetes 230 diabetes-related amputations are performed 120 patients have kidney failure 55 cases of blindness are reported 810 die of complications associated with diabetes

For newly diagnosed patients …. Over half receive no formal diabetes education Physician office visits average 10 minutes or less

Signs of Diabetes

Frequent urinationurinationIncreased thirstthirstExtreme tirednesstirednessWeight lossWeight loss ( in spite of

increased appetite)Slow-healingSlow-healing infections

or woundsPain, numbness or

tingling in the feettingling in the feet

Risk Factors Contributing To Diabetes

Heredity

Overweight – causes insulin resistance

Age

Ethnic backgroundStresses – physical & emotional illness,

surgery, pregnancy, medications (steroids)

Injury to the pancreas (infections, injury, trauma, tumour and surgery)

Types of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes is Managed,But it Does Not Go Away

GOAL:

To maintain target blood

glucose

Blood Glucose Goals for Most People

Before meals 90-130

2 hours after meals

Less than 180

A1C Less than 7%

What makes blood glucose go up or down?

UPUP Too much food Skipped or not enough

diabetes medicine Illness Less activity than usualDOWNDOWN Not enough food Too much diabetes medicine Alcohol More activity than usual

Low Blood Sugar (Glucose)

What are the Warning Signs?What are the Warning Signs?Sweaty, shaky, or dizzyIrritable or confusedHungry HeadacheChanges in vision

Low blood glucose (or “hypoglycemia”) is when your blood glucose goes below 70 mg/dl.

Treatment of Low Blood Sugar

Check blood glucose, if possible, to be sure

that it is low.

Take 15 grams of carbohydrate.

Recheck blood glucose after 10 – 15 min.

Eat small snack, your next meal is more

than one hour away.

High Blood Sugar (Glucose)

High blood glucose or “hyperglycemia” is when your blood glucose is above your target goals.

What are the Warning Signs?What are the Warning Signs? Increase urination Increase thirst Dry skin & mouth Blurry vision

Treatment of High Blood Sugar

Treatment is based on cause

Take medication as usual.

Drink plenty of sugar-free fluids

Test your blood sugar & ketones (if >

300 mg/dl) every 4 hours until back to

usual range

A is for A1C

Average blood glucose over past 2-3 months Best way to measure overall glucose control Have it checked 2-4 times a year Target level: Less than 7%Less than 7% Your goal may be different

B is for Blood Pressure

Blood Pressure Goal

<120/80 mmHg

C is for Cholesterol

Total cholesterol

HDL (good)

LDL (bad)

< 180 mg/ dl

> 40 mg/dl

< 100 mg/dl

A 1 % reduction in blood cholesterol levels, reduces the risk of heart disease by 2%.

Basic Carbohydrate Counting

Calories from: carbohydrate protein fat

Each nutrient type affects blood sugar differently. Carbohydrate has the biggest effect on blood

sugar. TOTAL carbohydrate matters more than the source

(sugar or starch.)

D is for Diet

Sugar is NOT the Enemy

There is no justification for complete

restriction of sugar:

However, timing matters a lot with diabetes, and sometimes sugar (or any carbohydrate) is not a good choice at all.

Consider portion size.

What are carbohydrates?

Fruits and juice (SUGARS)Milk and yogurt (SUGARS)Bread, rice, pasta (STARCH )Starchy Vegetables (STARCH )Sugars, honey and syrup (SUGARS)

“Develop an Eye for Portion Size”

Plate Method of Portion Control

1 Carbohydrate Serving

Equals

15 grams carbohydrate

1 Carbohydrate Serving

1 slice bread or 1 cup milk

or 1/3 cup rice or 1 small apple=

= =

All count the same, all raise blood sugar

Carbohydrate Target

3 to 4 servings of milk, fruit or starch at each meal

or 45 - 60 grams carbohydrate at

each meal

Reading Food Labels

1.Serving Size

2.Total Carbohydrate

3.Dietary Fiber

4.Total Fat

5.Saturated/Trans Fat

6.Sodium

No exercise is more harmful for your health than smoking a pack of

cigarettes every day!

E is for Exercise

Benefits of Exercise

Blood sugar

Weight

Blood pressure

HDL, good cholesterol

Improves mood

Muscle

ADA Recommendations for Exercise

People with diabetes should be advised to perform at least 150 min/week of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity.

People with type 2 diabetes should be encouraged to perform resistance training three times per week.

Evaluation by doctor is recommended before an exercise program is started.

YOU can control Diabetes

1. Take your medicine

2. Count carbohydrates

3. Exercise

4. Check blood sugar

For additional information, please contact the Diabetes Care Center at

(800) 277-2740 or visit www.henryford.com/diabetes