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MultiSystemAir conditioning system

for cinemas and theatres


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very time has its value. Ours is enriched by innovativerojects. It is the bringer of new stimuli, and especiallyf the search for total well-being, also in leisurectivities that we choose to feel free and in control ofe quality of our time.

Index

03 The services sector and theenhancement o ree time

08 Lights down. And theadventure o the cinema

begins.11 Make yourselves comortable:

well-being in the cinema12 The rules o common well-being

17 MultiSystem.The art o air conditioning

18 Synergy o design andunctionality

20 Auditoriums21 Projection corridors22 Foyers and rereshment area23 System management24 High overall eciency

28 Reerences

41 Technical inormation44 Glossary48 Services

EditorialClivet: quality in ree time

In modern living, there prevails the exploitation o leisuretime and places or cultural activity or entertainment.Nowadays, urniture, lights, armchairs, and audio/videosystems are the only actors o success or indexes o

evaluation o the quality o a cinema or theatre.

The audience demands modern ambient standards:perect comort control, the right temperature, optimumrelative humidity and calibrated air re-circulation. All othese aspects are ensured by the choice o a systemssolution that optimizes the use o energy.

Clivet ocuses its research on public well-being. Satisyingthis need is the basis o its company philosophy, anddesigning in respect o the environment, through ethicaland thoughtul use o energy.

Calculated savings not only in operating costs but alsoon the total lie cycle cost o the system, is an attainableobjective. For this reason, we develop every unit andsolution with the assurance o the best use o energy andthe least possible environmental impact.


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The services sectorand the enhancemento ree timeWorldwide growth o construction or the servicessector continues incessantly. This sector always

concentrates excellent ideas and technical solutions.Whether they are new projects, renovations o pre-existing buildings, or projects or the redevelopment oindustrial areas, the common denominator is alwaysthe search or places to meet and gather that are aswelcoming and comortable as possible.


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World-amous architects are generally the driving orce behind thesemodern temples o culture and entertainment.Modern and pleasant buildings marked by architectural innovationand technological solutions that are on the cutting edge. Original,brand-new, daring constructions, designed by people who areaware o their own time, re-interpret the setting and integrate withthe local architecture.

The aim is to attract an increasing number o visitors and to hostthem or an extended time in the structure. An essential criteria is nolonger the amount o the time the visitor spends there, but rather thequality o that time.

For complete satisaction o the public, a pretty wrapper is notenough: comort has to be total.

In this scenario, air conditioning plays a vital role.Factors such as optimal temperature, controlled humidity, airpurication and correct ventilation are essential or ensuring aprolonged and pleasant stay in these areas.


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Where can we nd energy resources at a reasonable price? Weneed or designers to ace these issues in a inormed manner.

In this specic sector, the use o alternative sources such as solarheat and solar panels will most likely never be used, given theenormous amount o energy that is required to run the systemsproperly.

The rst source o energy is the savings o energy itsel, i.e. rationaluse o the available resources.

The second source is to take advantage o the transer o energybetween the planet and the served location, whether it comes romthe outdoor air, rom the ground, rom the water (groundwater, river,or lake), or rom expelled ambient air.In other words, the solution is in the use o heat pumps.

he increasing use o air conditioning brings with it a growingemand and consumption o energy.oday, choices must be made taking into account limited resourcesnd expensive energy. The ollowing inormation should be causer alarm or everyone: the cost o a barrel o crude oil has more thanpled in the last 5 years, rom $40 a barrel in 2003 to nearly $140 in008.

June 3, 2003The Markets: Commodities

Crude Oil exceeds $30 a barrel on concerns about supply levelsThe price o crude oil in New York rose above $30 a barrel or therst time since April on concerns that low inventories o gasolineand other rened uels would spur oil demand by reneries.

July 21, 2006As Oil Rises, Will Economy Finally Fall?

When oil almost hit $40 a barrel in 2003, there was talk thatthe rising cost o gasoline would slow the American economy.

The talk returned when oil topped $50 in 2004 and $60 last year.But the economy kept on growing at a good clip.Now, with oil above $70, some seem to think the logic was simplywrong, and that the new American economy is impervious to oil.

January 4, 2008Dealing with the dragon

On both Wednesday and Thursday, the price o oil briefy hit$100 a barrel. The new record made headlines, as well it shouldhave. But what does it mean, aside rom the obvious point thatthe economy is under extra pressure?

July 3, 2008Price o Oil Rises Again, Rattling the Markets

... Crude oil climbed above $144 a barrel beore settling at$143,57, up $2.60 or the day. The Energy Department reportedan unexpected decline in inventories, sending oil prices to arecord. And now oil slowly is closing in on $150 a barrel, the nextpsychological milestone to be crossed.

rice o crude oil ($)

0

Year2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

0

0


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A vital part o the show is the well-being o the peoplein the seats. The audience expects to watch a lm or

play in optimal conditions, to ully enjoy the emotion othis collective ritual.

Make yourselvescomortable: well-beingin the cinema

Today, technology has substantially improved the clarity o soundand the visibility o the screen. However, the quality o a show doesntdepend solely on crystalline highs and rumbling lows. It is an integralwell-being that comes rom a comortable setting where the rightstemperature, the correct degree o humidity, and calibrated lteringand recirculation o air make the spectator completely comortable.

The concept o health has constantly evolved over time, so that todayit has assumed the widest o denitions. The primary condition oa lack o systems is now joined by an ever-increasing sense o thepersons overall well-being.The rst ambitious initiative aimed at implementing a global strategyo well being or all, undertaken by the World Health Organization(WHO) dates back to 1978, with the Declaration o Alma AtaDeclaration, which led to the Ottawa Charter, the result o the rstInternational Conerence or the Promotion o Health in 1986.In 1998, the WHO adopted the World Declaration o Health,under which the member states agreed to create a wide-rangingprogramme or the implementation o a universal health strategy orthe 21st century.Twenty-one key points o t he programme Health or All (HFA) aim atensuring individuals have a sae and healthy physical environment,thanks to the control o the presence o harmul pollutants.The objective o the standard is to create places that are conduciveto health, in order to oer everyone, anywhere in everyday lie - at

home, at school, in the workplace or ree time - greater opportunitiesto make use o a healthy social and physical environment. In 2003,consideration was given or the rst time to environmental conditionsthat interere with an individuals powers o decision -making.Thereore, avourable conditions must be created so that eachindividual assumes personal liability or making healthy choices.

This is why it was deemed necessary, among many other pressingneeds, to provide the cinema or theatre spectator with perectcomort in which to spend his leisure time in the best way possible,and creating the desire to relive the experience.

During a show that lasts two or more hours, the spectator mustnot eel too warm nor too cold. There must be no air currents,and unpleasant odours must be reduced to the extent possible.Noise rom adjacent rooms or rom outdoors must be reduced to aminimum.Generally, the aim is to create the most comortable setting possiblearound the spectator. This objective is achieved only through a globalconcept o quality in the building that host shows. The centrepiece oit all is the well-being o the audience that makes use o the spaces.


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When constructing or renovating cinemas or theatres, compliance

with limitations established by the authorities responsible orprotecting architecture and issues o environmental impact aredecisive matters in perorming the work.In historical centres, invasive work needs to be kept to a minimum,also due to the presence o adjacent buildings. Just as importantare the new standards on noise emissions and combustion by-products.

During work, proper application o the standards may leadto increased times or both renovation and new construction.However, the operator or investor can shorten the times requiredor compliance by choosing packaged air conditioning units, pre-tested and ready or use. The simplicity and reliability o the systemensure reliable operation o the system even by non-specialistpersons. In this way, the reduced operating costs help to oset theexpenses or the purchase and installation o the system.Further constraints are encountered as early as the design stage.

A serious problem always arises, perhaps more in building to be

renovated than in new construction, concerning the availability ospace or equipment rooms to house heating and cooling plants,pumping systems, plumbing and electrical systems, and air ducts.The only place designers normally provide space or the airconditioning units is on the roos. For this issues, the compact outdoorunits oer a perect ready-made solution.

Also in the design phase, the latest directives concerning energysavings require optimization, depending on the climatic area, airre-circulation, and operating hours o the system, the orced recoveryo the fow o air expelled rom the system.Another important eature is the correct use o devices that adjust thefow o resh air into the rooms based on how crowded the roomsactually are.

The rules o common well-being

n public places, standards are ocusedon respect or the environment and protectiono public health.


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75%

25%

Electric heat pumps represent an ecient and advantageous choice

or the air conditioning o environments. These devices allow theexchange o energy between the external environment, called thesource, and the served environment, via the specic cooling circuitwith which they are equipped.

This transer only requires the use o electricity and is highly ecientand thereore low consumption.The energy reely derivable rom the atmosphere supplies about 75%o the energy required by a heat pump. With the integration o only25% o electricity, 100% o the heating systems demand is reached.

The most requently used source is airas it is available everywhere.

Nonetheless, o particular interest in specic cases is the use owateras a source in that it is a natural resource able to urther increasethe eciency o the system and thereore reduce consumption. Thisis ound to be the ideal solution when there are accessible sourcessuch as wells, groundwater, lakes, rivers or the sea.

The ground can also be a useul source o exchange, by meanso opportune underground circuits (geothermal probes) arrangedhorizontally in the presence o adequate suraces or vertically whenthe space allows it.

Thanks to their energy eciency, heat pumps guarantee thedesired comort with reduced management costs and with alow environmental impact. For this reason the initiatives aimedat avouring realisation through economic or tax incentives arenumerous.

The electric heat pump

Better perormance andhigher savings

Energy consumption

Emissions o CO2

Petroleum

Gas - caloric value

Pellet boilers

Electric heat pumps

Index

Petroleum

Gas - caloric value

Pellet boilers

Index

Electric heat pumps

The principle o the electric heat pump

Heat pumpsHeat source Heat distribution system

Expansion

Compressor

Comparison o various heating systems (heating and ACS)

Based on advanced-technology central heating systems Source: BWP e. V.

Sun

Electricity

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100


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MultiSystemThe art o airconditioningMultiSystem by Clivet oers ecient and reliablesolutions or the air conditioning o multiplex cinemas

and theatres. Thanks to an innovative line o productsdeveloped or specic areas, the fexibility o the systemensures quality perormance and excellent control oambient comort in complete compliance with currentstandards.


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ltiSystem MultiSystem 19

MultiSystem by Clivet maintains the comort required or everyenvironment simply and eectively:

precise control o temperature and humidity, air quality and silencein the auditoriums

re-integration o the fow o air extracted by the projector extractorsin the projection corridors, with the aide o the recirculation fow

adaptation to the variable conditions o use inside the oyer

rapid and ecient elimination o odours in the rereshment area

Packaged unit or auditoriums

MultiSystemSynergy o design

and unctionality

Multiplex cinemas represent the most characteristic developmentmade in the entertainment industry in the last decade. Normallybuilt near the main communication centres, multiplex structures arebased on a typical repeated design, subdivided into three specicunctional areas:

the auditoriums projection corridor the oyer

The auditorium certainly poses the most building constraints, orobvious acoustic reasons, fexibility o use and especially or theneed to maintain comort conditions or the audience that areprecise and stabile over time regardless o the external atmosphericconditions or the time o day.Accessory areas such as the projection corridor and the oyer areabsolutely necessary or the correct perormance o the shows. Alsoor these the degree o comort represents an essential condition.

Finally the entire structure requires competitive management costs,able to ensure the shortest return on investments time and theachievement o the objectives set by the management once in ulloperation.

Packaged unit or the Foyer Management and supervision system

Featuring units that can be congured or each specic application,MultiSystem is the result o experience gained over the years as thehost o reerences in the sector testiy.

The extreme compactness o the units allows the simplication o

positioning, thus enabling work to be completed more quickly.

All the units are ready or use and already tested individually at theend o the production process. At the worksite, all that is requiredare the air ducts, the electrical connections and the plumbingconnections.

The high degree o industrialization and mass production ensure theutmost system reliability.

Packaged unit or projection corridors


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ultiSystem MultiSystem 21

100

75

50

25

030% 80%

+50%

Auditoriums are highly crowded environments where the needor comort and hygiene or the audience and compliance withcurrent standards require a high air exchange, thereore takinglarge quantities o external airinto the environment.

he re-circulation with high quantities o external air requiresedicated units with a higher power to those used normally ornvironments with average crowd levels, such as or examplerge commercial areas.

Auditoriums

ndependent andeversible rootop heat

pump

The specialised units or auditoriums are able to provide: up to 80% o external air re-circulation automatic variation o the re-circulation depending on thecrowd levels o the room energy recovery on the air expelled o a thermodynamic type ree cooling in the ree-cooling mode high air ltering capacity

In each auditorium MultiSystem guarantees high independenceand adaptability in varying the external (climate) and internal (crowdlevels) conditions, with the maximum energy saving.

In addition to environmental comort, the system also works on theacoustic comort, thanks to low sound levels that can be urtherreduced due to the availability o integrated silencers made opurposeully designed sound absorbent materials.

The projection corridors are the technical premises where theprojectors work. When working, each o these expels a signicantquantity o air through the extractorit is tted with, and at thesame time contributes to the heating o the environment where itis placed.

The incoming air in the projection corridors must: introduce resh air to replace the extracted air and expel itoutside guarantee the correct climate conditions or apparatus andoperators

Expulsion:tot. 5000 m3/h

Supply:10000 m3/h

Return:5000 m3/h

Re-circulation:5000 m3/h

Projection corridors

Independent andreversible rootop heatpump

In the projection corridor MultiSystem maintains the necessarytemperature and humidity conditions, while guaranteeing optimaloperation o the equipment and the best comort or the operators.

The controlled emission o external air automatically compensatesthe air fow extracted rom each projector and necessary or itscooling.

The units congured or the projection corridors are tted with: automatic external air emission energy recovery on the air expelled o a thermodynamic type ree cooling in the ree-cooling mode high air ltering capacity

External air %

Typical values reerring to a unit supplying 10,000 m3/h

g

p

y

Example o a typical corridor with 5 projectors


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R-410A

Foyers and rereshmentarea

ndependent andeversible rootop heat

pump

System management

Centralized managementand supervision system

Foyers and rereshment areas are environments that eature aclear variability in crowd levels, very high between one lm andanother and nearly empty during screenings, heat and smellsrom the rereshment areas and oten souvenir shops.

Automatic adjustmentActive thermodynamic energy recoveryEnergy saving with ree-cooling

All the MultiSystem units use ecological R-410A rerigerantfuid, which improves the energy eciency compared to otherecological rerigerants such as R-407C, and makes the sameunits more compact.

In the Foyer and in the rereshment areas the MultiSystem quickly andeciently meets the variations o ambient load that occur. Typicallythe number o people tends to vary, and there is a high heat loaddue to the preparation o snacks and drinks at the bar, lights, moni-tors, and ticket counter sta.Furthermore the system ensures the optimal change o air in a wayto also eliminate the smells coming rom the rereshment area. Atypical conguration includes double ventilating sections (supply andreturn/expulsion), with automatic air exchange and energy recoveryon the air expelled.

All o the MultiSystem units are set up or connection to the central-ized control system o the air conditioning or the entire acility. Foreach zone, you can easily and unctionally set the desired param-eters or temperature, humidity, and air quality. A troubleshootingsystem along with rapid repair times makes it possible to optimizeservice and ensure constant reliability.

The management system is provided in a range o languages and,upon request, supervision may take place through 3D display,purposeully developed and customised. Users can browse, usinga workstation, through the graphic pages that three dimensionallyrepresent the systems and have a general overview o the situationo the multiplex.


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Savings on consumption oprimary energy

-30%

Ecient control o airquality

Designed to ensure strict control o the temperature, humidity andair quality, the units oer the possibility to change the amount oresh airdepending on the crowd levels o the room.

The higher the number o people in the room, the higher theamount o carbon dioxide (CO

2). Thanks to the automatic detection

o the on-board probes, only the quantity o external air necessaryis treated and emitted.

Independently rom the number o spectators, the comortinsidethe room is always maintained at a high level, while managementcan take advantage rom optimised energy consumption basedon the eective need.

Energy recovery eciency

As a standard, the units provide the recovery othermodynamicheat: the energy contained in the expelled air fow is used toimprove the operating conditions on the external treatmentbattery, and thus generate, cooling or thermal energy on the maincircuits highly eciently.

The absence o a traditional static recoverer (crossover or rotaryfows) cuts load losses on the air duct systems and so a great

reduction in seasonal energy expense or the an.

Seasonal energy analyses have shown average savings o 30%on primary energy consumption, compared to crossover fows.

The strenght o MultiSystem is ints high overall eciency.This has been achieved through research anddevelopment o innovative technologies

guaranteed by the Clivet brand.

Relativehumidity

1100

1000

900

800

21

20

19

55

50

45

Co

ncentrationofCO

2

(ppm)

Temp.(

C)

Air quality

Temperature

Relative humidity


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MultiSystem 27

Eciency o the lteringsystem

The correct removal o impurities present in the air isundamental to maintain the desired comort o the audience andto comply with current standards. For this reason a second highecient ltering stage, usually a pocket lter, is oten employedon the air to be introduced into the environment.

The innovative electronic air lters are based on the electrostaticprinciple. They oer extremely high ltering classes (until H10),are eective also on bacteria and viruses, but especially providegreat economic running.Compared with traditional high eciency pocket lters (classF7), the electronic lters actually drastically reduce the electricalabsorption or the treatment an, thanks to the almost zero loadlosses.

The electronic lters are renewable. By simply washing them,

they regain their ltering eectiveness without having to bereplaced. Their duration is thereore the same as that o themachine itsel.

I the initial purchase price o the electronic lters is slightlyhigher, the pay-back is about a year: so ast to make its useessential.It also benets the environment, with a cut o more than 1/4 o theemissions o CO

2

Second ltering stage Pockets Electronic

Purchase cost o ltering system

Aect o lters on price o basic unit + 2.6% + 13.7%

Aect o cost o energy

Annual energy consumption o ans 3.5% 2.6%Aect o cost o maintenance

Frequency o lter maintenance 4 times a year

Price o spare parts 3.1% 0.1%

(or each action) (F7 lters)

(Filters+Detergent)

Labour time or lter maintenance 60 min 120 min

Labour cost or lter maintenance 25 EUR/h

Yearly cost or lter maintenance 12,4% 1,3%

Yearly operating cost

Energy + maintenance, aect on purchase 16.4% 9.3%

Pay-Back 11 months

lug ansDecrease in electricity consumption

-40%

Eciency o the unit atreduced load

During the lie cycle o the system, its operation at ull load occursor a very small amount o time.Based on the external environmental conditions and crowdlevels in the auditorium, the units operate at reduced load or themajority o the time .The trend o the loads is perectly supported by the system thanksto the asymmetrical conguration o the individual rerigerationcircuits: the two Scroll low absorption compressors are o dierentsizes, providing three step levels and high eciency when onlyone compressor is working.

Furthermore, in the evening, in spring, autumn and winter it isoten possible to exploit thereecooling. With only the cost o theenergy that would be in any case absorbed by the ans, the unitcools the room, and leaves the compressors in standby mode,

with substantial energy savings.

Eciency o theventilation system

In various types o systems, electrical energy represents a majorpart o operating costs, at times as much as 50% o the total.The Clivet ventilation system or the treatment o the air increasesthe general eciency thanks to the use o the plug-ans withreversed rotor blades, driven by DC brushless motors withelectronic switching.

The immediate advantages are: elimination o losses due to riction in transmission greater reliability and reduced maintenance the possibility to maintain a constant supply o air fow treatedby the unit in automatic mode, even ater the lters areprogressively soiled

the signicant reduction o electricity

On equal terms to the fow rate and useul static pressure, thespecial ans adopted provide a reduction o the electricityconsumption equal to more than 40%.

7

6

5

43

2

1

0C1

Compressor o nextsmallest size

C2Compressor o next

largest size

C1+C2both

compressors

low crowdlevel

load


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The multiplex which was built in 2000 in Marcon, just inland rom

Venice, marks a turning point or this major American cinema groupin the choice o the type o air conditioning. This acility saw thechange overrom centralized hydronic systems to the innovativeproposal rom Clivet, composed o packaged units with directexpansion, ully independent. Warner made this choice based onthe possibility to limit operating costs by using this system, withsubstantial savings or the entire lie cycle o this system.

The scientic community has also shown considerable interest in

this aspect. The Department o Technical Physics o the University oPadua monitored the perormance o the air conditioning system inone o the auditoriums or one year in order to scientically evaluatethe operation o the machine in serving that room.

The study conrmed the excellent behaviour o the unit or uses inplaces with varying degrees o persons present over time. The resulto the research documented that the use o an electric heat pumpallows maximum exploitation o the multi-hour rates.

Application example

Warner VillageValecenter

Marcon, Venice - Italy

ear 2000 7 screens


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The structure housed a number o stores which actually made it a

shopping centre. The existence o an old well ensured supply oa substantial amount o water. This discovery guided planning inthe direction oWSHP (Water Source Heat Pump) decentralizedsystem. Thereore, packaged water-cooled units in heat pumpversion were used between the source (well water) and the user (airconditioning unit supplied with water o the loop).The WSHP solution provided the simplest and most ecient air

conditioning or the 7 auditoriums, the oyer with rereshment area,

the projection corridors and the shopping centre. The choice o thissolution rather than the traditional hydronic system made it possibleto: Optimize construction times as a result o greatly simpliedplumbing networks and air conditioning units that were alreadytested and ready or installation

ensure high level o machine eciency resulting in energy savings use groundwater as a renewable, ree energy source.

The unique system conditions o this multiplex made the design

study even more challenging, and its completion was all the moresatisying.

Various types o constraints that were encountered included: tight, hard-to-reach technological areas Very strict and limiting re codes or the construction o the heatingplant

requirement or systems to be housed in the existing volume limitation o outdoor emission o combustion by-products restrictions on external noise levels Space available on outside only or resh air intake and expulsion

Application example

Warner VillageMetropolitanNaples - Italy

ear 2003 7 screens


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It was also essential to ensure ambient and acoustic comort or the

audience, while minimizing energy consumption.

The solution implemented by Clivet ensured the use o a sturdy,sel-adapting, high-eciency unit givesthe best trade-o betweenmaximum perormance and minimum Total Lie Cycle Cost.

An added value o this solution was the dramatic reduction in overallnoise level o the system.

As stated previously, theatres are the permanent emblem o the

cultural and social prestige o a city.For Clivet, it was a ullling challenge to provide air conditioningor a building such as the Politeama Rossetti in Trieste, or theunquestionable architectural and cultural value o this historicaltheatre.

The building was constructed in the style o the late 1800s. ITrequired the use o equipment rooms, while its location in the hearto the city made the issue o environmental impact important. Thisrequired units that are compact, technologically advanced, high-perormance and quiet.

Application example

Politeama RossettiTrieste - Italy

ear 2004


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Europlex, located in the Bicocca Village, is the most innovative

entertainment centre in Italy and this multiplex is part o theUCI Cinemas. Clivet technology provides air conditioning or 18auditoriums, with the objective o providing the audience with thebest conditions o temperature, humidity and air quality, in line withthe high perormance o the sound system. The entire system o unitsis managed by a control and supervision system. It measures theoperating status o the machines and, based on the o the rooms,programmes their use according to available resources. The strongpoints o this installation arethe reduced operating costs andsignicant savings o the air conditioning systems themselves, with asubstantial reduction o their environmental impact.

Application example

UCI CinemasMilano Bicocca, Milan - Italy

ear 2005 18 screens


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In the splendid setting o Sardinia, one o the multiplex complexes o

Cineworld was created.It is on the cutting edge in the quality o projection. One o theauditoriums is equipped with Digital Cinema advanced technology,which allows lms to be stored on a server instead o usingthe traditional reels. It also includes the Dolby Digital EX-dts 6.1system. Cineworld then completed the excellent services it oers itsaudiences with a Clivet air conditioning system.

The dedicated autonomous units are pre-tested in the actory

and are easy to install, This resulted in considerable reductionsin working times. In turn, this led to limited economic costs. Thedesigned compactness o the units allows then to be placed on theroo o the projection booth.

The units t in perectly with the complex to deal with the specialclimatic conditions o the area. They allow excellent control o themost important parameters such as temperature, relative humidityand air quality.

Application example

Cineworldglesias, Cagliari - Italy

ear 2005 8 screens


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The largest-capacity multiplex in northeast Italy is also the most

advanced in terms o technological and qualitative services. Theprojection and sound systems are the most advanced in theworld. The screens are equipped with Cinemeccanica mechanicalprojectors and the latest Barco-Cinemeccanica digital projectors.The sound system ensures perectly clean surround-sound romanywhere in the auditorium. Cinecity is today the most digitalmultiplex in the world.

The system provided by Clivet has allowed the ollowing: Centralized, automated management o all systems Constant temperature in the auditoriums Correct resh air fow based on the attendance in the auditoriums Limitation o system operating costs.

Application example

CinecityLimena, Padua - Italy

ear 2005 14 screens


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A

B

Technical inormationSynoptic o products


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ECO

BREEZE EEVAIR FCR-410A

R-410A EEVFC CCH2O EEVH2O FCR-410A CC

ECO

BREEZE EEVAIR FCR-410A CC

Projection corridor Foyer

CRH-XHEMultiSystem water source

CSRN-XHEMultiSystem air source

kW | 40 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 270 | 300 | kW

kW | 40 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 270 | 300 | kW

Auditoriums

CSNX-XHE HMultiSystem water source

CSNX-XHEMultiSystem air source

W | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 135 | kW

W | 40 | 60 | 90 | 135 | 120 | kW


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Energy recovery (or heat recovery device) device that recoversheat dissipated by a machine to generate a useul eect. For an airtreatment unit, the energy is recovered rom the expelled air fow.For a liquid chiller the heat is recovered, which would otherwise bedisposed o by the condenser.

Energy source is a natural resource that allows a thermal exchange.The earth or water (underground, ground, river, lake, sea water) areenergy sources.

Environment terminal unit is the peripheral device o an airconditioning system placed in the room to be serviced.

ESEER (European Seasonal Energy Eciency Ratio) extends themeaning o EER to the entire yearly operation cycle. It is calculated

as an opportune combination o various seasonal operating modesdened by Eurovent/CEN, especially those at partial load.

Euroventis an independent organisation that certies rerigeratingand air conditioning products. It is the main reerence point oroperators in the sector and users, who can thus count on thecorrectness o the data declared by the manuacturers.

Evaporatoran exchanger in which the coolant evaporates (i.e.passes rom the liquid state to the gaseous state) and, while heatingup, absorbs heat rom another fuid (air or water) by cooling it down.

Expansion valve an essential and indispensable component o thecooling circuit that triggers the expansion o the coolant, allowingit to evaporate inside the exchanger with the consequent heatabsorption.

Fan coil unita type o environment terminal unit. It consists oa water-air heat exchanger that heats or cools an air fow byexchanging heat with water, a an to move the air fow, a lter and aseries o adjustable ns or air distribution.

Fossil uel a natural substance that, when suitably rened, producestodays uels such as natural gas, oil (and its derivates) and coal.

Free cooling indicates the cooling o a fuid via the eect inducedby low external temperatures, without the activation o the chillercompressors and thereore with energy savings. In the treatmentunits, the resh air is placed directly in the environment, while inchillers it cools special heat exchangers where the fuid to be cooledfows.

Geothermal means the ability to take advantage o the energy in theground using special devices (geothermal probes) which are buriedhorizontally or vertically.

Geothermal probes a thermal exchange element used ingeothermics.

Head is the delivery pressure o a an or pump to counteract thepressure drops o the system. It is measured in Pa or kPa.

Heat exchangera device used to transer heat between two fuidswithout these mixing with each other.

Humidication atmospheric air at any temperature is mixed withwater. Humidication is the thermodynamic process with which thedesired quantity o water is added to air.

Ice protection system special measure in the rerigeration circuitwhich prevents the ormation o ice at the base o the heat exchangerduring operation in heat pump mode.

Inverteris an electronically controlled device used to change therotation speed o a motor.

Lamination/expansion device a device that lowers the pressure o

the coolant rom the condensation value to the evaporation value.

Latent Heatis the heat released or absorbed when a fuid passesrom the gas state to the liquid state or rom the liquid state tothe solid state and vice versa, without temperature variation. Forexample, when water is heated, it increases in temperature upto 100C (it is absorbing sensible heat) while beyond 100C, i wecontinue to provide heat (at ambient pressure), water evaporates,changes its state without increasing its temperature; it is absorbinglatent heat.

Liquid coolera machine used to lower the temperature o liquidsused in industrial processes (such as water, glycol mixtures, oil) or othe liquid that acts as a source or water-water or water-air units. Itsmain components are nned packaged heat exchangers and ans.

Majorindicates the multinational companies that hold the majorityshare in the cinema industry worldwide (also used by the musicrecording industry).

Noise data indicating the noise o the machine in the environment.

Packaged indicates an air conditioning unit with a single section(and thereore extremely compact), as compared to the split unit.

Plug-an a highly ecient an with reversed-blade rotors, driven by adirectly coupled motor, and hence without belt-pulley transmission.

Pressure drop indicates the reduction in the pressure o a fuid (e.g.water, air or coolant) caused by mechanical riction, changes in thesection, curves and obstacles that may orm inside pipes or ducts.

Projection corridora multiplex area where the projectors o thevarious screens are positioned.

Radiant panel a terminal thermal exchange system that enables theheating and cooling o wide suraces such as ceilings and foors.

Rerigerant/coolant liquid is contained in the circuits o airconditioning units and chillers, and through it heat transer isachieved.

Roo top see Roo top unit.

CS domestic hot water.

oyero a cinema or a theatre is where the audience may lingereore, during and ater a show. It usually includes an: entrance,cket counters, wardrobe, bar, retail outlets.

bsorbed energy is the electrical energy consumed by aironditioners or the operation o their components (i.e. compressors,ns, auxiliary components).

ctive thermodynamic energy recovery device or reduction oonsumption, used in the most modern air treatment systems. Itcovers energy contained in fow o air expelled rom the served

nvironment, using a dedicated direct expansion rerigeration circuit,

versible in air-air heat pump mode. The energy thus recovered issed as the rst high-eciency step in the production o heating andooling energy o the entire system.

r Conditioning reers to all the processes used to obtain theonditions o temperature, relative humidity, quality and airovement requested or peoples well-being.

r re-circulation with this process, part o the room air is expelledr hygienic reasons and replaced with resh air.

uditorium where the audience watches lms and documentaries,rojected onto a screen placed at the end o the room. Given theumber and the general specialisation o cinemas, the current trendto unite more than one auditorium o varied capacity in one single

urposely built structure: multiplex cinemas.

hillersee chiller unit.

hiller unitunit providing chilled water (can also be reerred to asater cooler).

O2

is the chemical symbol o carbon dioxide. It is produced byombustion and when human beings breathe.

oil is a heat exchanger, normally between a fuid and air, where

e fuid (rerigerating gas or water) fows inside copper pipes and airasses externally. In the construction the copper pipes are inserted inerorated superimposed aluminium sheets (the ns) and expandeda way to create a mechanical contact between copper anduminium.

omortis the special condition o well-being created bymperature, humidity, air quality, noise level and light in annvironment, based on individual perceptions.

ompressora device activated by an electric motor that raises theuid pressure rom the evaporation value to the condensation value.

ondenseran exchanger in which the coolant condensates (i.e.asses rom the gaseous state to the liquid state) and, while coolingown, transers heat to another fuid (air or water) by warming it up.

Cooling Cycle set o changes in state o a fuid by means o whichthe heat can be moved rom one section to anoth er. There are 4phases in the cooling cycle: evaporation, compression, condensationand expansion (or lamination).

COP (Coecient O Perormance). A COP equal to 3 means that, or1 kWH o electric power consumed, the machine makes 3 kWH othermal power available to heat the environment.Crossover fow energy recovery perorms a heat exchangebetween two air fows, passing them alternatively over a series ocoupled plates that are usually made o aluminium. The two air fowsare perpendicular to one anoth er, and are supported by specialventilating sections with high static pressure.

Cycle inversion an operation through which, with a 4-way valve, theevaporator and the condenser exchange unctions in a way to beable to heat or cool an environment.

Cycle inversion valve 4-way valve that enables the inversion o theoperating mode o the cooling cycle.

Derosting indicates the process or the removal o rost or ice thatmay orm on the external coil o a heat pump with air as source,in heating mode with low external air temperatures. The mostcommonly used derosting method switches the operating mode,automatically reversing the cooling cycle. The external coil switchesto operation as a condenser, thus heating and melting the rost orice. A derosting cycle causes a reduction, albeit slight, in overallsystem eciency.

Dehumidication atmospheric air is, at any t emperature, a mixturewith water. Dehumidication is the thermodynamic process withwhich a certain quantit y o water is removed rom air.

Direct expansion this term indicates that the evaporation o thererigerant liquid occurs in direct contact with the air to be cooled.

EER (Energy Eciency Ratio) this ratio reers to units in cooling mode.An EER equal to 3 means that, or 1 kWH o electric power consumed,the machine makes 3 kWH o cooling power available to cool the

environment.

Greenhouse Eectindicates the eect caused by the release ogreenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The gases let sunrays pass,whose energy turns into heat, the same gasses do not allow therefection o thermal radiations towards space, thereby causing anincrease in temperature. It is thanks to the greenhouse eect thatwe can live on earth: however, or some years now, the excesso gas CO

2) has been undermining this eect, causing the global

temperature to increase.

Electric heat pump a machine capable o transerring heat rom asource at a lower temperature to a user at a higher temperature,thus heating it, through the use o electricity. I it is reversible, it allowsthe cycle to be reversed so that it operates in cooling mode.

Energy Class is a product classication based on energy eciency.Class A is the most ecient, class G the least ecient. The reerenceto determine the eciency is the punctual COP.

Glossary


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oo top unita packaged air conditioning unit, oten installed on ao top, which sends the ltered and treated air (heated or cooled)rectly into the serviced environment, making the system simple anduick to install.

outine/scheduled maintenance verication, cleaning andalibration, perormed periodically according to a predenedrogramme.

croll Compressora device that consists o two scrolls, a xed scrollnd a rotating scroll, inserted one inside the other; rom outsidee gas is pushed to the centre o the scrolls. During this route, the

olume o the chamber diminishes and the gas pressure increases.eaturing very ew moving parts, it is highly reliable, produces nobrations and is relatively quiet.

ensible Heatis the heat released or absorbed by a fuid withmperature decrease or increase. Together with the latent heat, itetermines the total heat.

et-pointis the value o temperature, humidity or anotherharacteristic parameter relating to environmental well-being that,hen adjusting an air conditioner, is xed to reach such comort.

ydronic system indicates an air conditioning system that usesater as an intermediate medium. A chiller cools the water that,rough a pump, is made to circulate in pipes and sent to the internalnits installed in the rooms to be air conditioned.

pecial maintenance operations o an exceptional nature, eitherr overhaul or or improvement, carried out on-site with specialquipment or at authorized service centres.

plitis an air conditioner divided into two sections: the externalection is called motor condensing, while the external one isalled evaporating. In portable units, the external sections is onlypresented by the condenser, connected to the air conditioner byeans o hoses.

tepping is the reduction o the thermal or cooling yield o an aironditioner to adjust it to the requirements based on the load o the

ystem at a certain time.

EWI (Total Equivalent Warming Index). This parameter assessese impact o a system (air conditioner) on the greenhouse eect.considers the direct impact o the rerigerating fuid and the CO2roduced by the air conditioner: the more ecient the system, thewer the TEWI and the lower the environmental impact.

hermodynamic energy recovery device or reduction oonsumption, used in the most modern packaged air treatmentystems. It recovers the energy contained in the air fow expelledom the conditioned environment, by controlling its delivery on thexternal nned coil. This energy is used to boost the heating andooling energy production eciency o the whole unit.

UTA Unit di Trattamento Aria. In English AHU (Air Handling Unit).

Wind energy is a orm o clean and renewable energy that usesspecial systems to transorm the energy o wind into electricity.

WLHP (Water Loop Heat Pump) a decentralised air con ditioning sys-tem based on water-air or water-water high-eciency heat pumps,connected by a water circuit that enables energy to be transerredrom one unit to the other. The system is able to provide heating orcooling at the same time in dierent parts o the building.

Workstation reers to a set consisting o a PC, a monitor and aprinter, used to manage and supervise a system (such as an air con-ditioning, re-ghting or intrusion detection system).

WSHP (Water Source Heat Pump) a decentralised air conditio ningsystem based on heat pumps and thus similar to the WLHP system,in which the energy source is naturally available disposable water,such as water rom wells, groundwater and water rom rivers, lakesand the sea.

Glossary

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Credits:

Studio Maggi / Moreno Maggi ( photos Vulcano Buono , Nola interport, Naples)

ivet services make the most o air conditioning systems, withpecic responses to modern needs or major project in the eld o ntertainment.

ansport

n request, Clivet organizes transport o the units rom its plants toe place o use.

ommissioning

so on request, the units can be commissioned, to include correctstallation, connection, and power supply. The local service centreill test the plumbing and air duct connections, check or properectrical connections and ensure that the unit is running within theessure and temperature limits or that machine.

r fow rate tests

nce proper operation o the units has been ensured, on request wean also test the air fow rate, to make sure that the correct amount or fow through the system based on design specications.

ivet Assistance

ith a complete programme o assistance and maintenance, Cliveters a wide range o services designed to ensure perect operationyour air conditioning units, constant over time and with promptsponse times.

he network o service centres is distributed nationwide. Their staconstantly selected, trained and updated by Clivet. We ensure

kill, reliability and eciency in any work that is perormed. Withe agreement o Clivet Assistance, costs or routine maintenancestablished when the contract is stipulated make it possible to plan

operating costs.

Services

r urther technical inormation and to nd out about tax benets,nsult the website www.clivet.com.

e data contained in this document is not binding and may beanged by the Manuacturer without notice.production, even partial, is prohibited.


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DI08B002GB-01

Clivet S.p.A. Via Camp Lonc 25 Z.I. Villapaiera 32032 Feltre (BL) Italy

Tel. + 39 0439 3131 Fax + 39 0439 313300 [email protected]

Clivet UK LTD Unit 4 Kingdom Close Segensworth East Fareham Hampshire P015 5TJ U.K.

Tel. + 44 (0) 1489 572238 Fax + 44 (0) 1489 573033 [email protected]

www.clivet.com

www.clivet.co.uk

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