DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 1

Maritime Delimitation

Brazil´s experience using nautical Brazil´s experience using nautical cartography to fix maritime cartography to fix maritime boundariesboundaries

IHO Seminar for Chairmen of National Hydrographic Committees

Acapulco – Oct 02-04th, 2006

DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 2

SummarySummary

Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation

IntroductionThe United Nations Convention on

the Law of the SeaThe Brazilian caseSupporting relationshipConclusion

DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 3

SummarySummary

Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation

IntroductionIntroductionThe United Nations Convention on

the Law of the SeaThe Brazilian caseSupporting relationshipConclusion

DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 4

Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation IntroductionIntroduction

Terrestrial Frontiers- Established from stand out

geographic points - Almost total terrestrial frontiers are

established

DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 5

Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation IntroductionIntroduction

Maritime Frontiers- Can’t be physically settled- Until 1982: arbitrary criteria- Without control conditions- 1982: UNCLOS

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SummarySummary

Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation

IntroductionThe United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on

the Law of the Seathe Law of the SeaThe Brazilian caseSupporting relationshipConclusion

DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 7

Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation

The United Nations Convention The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seaon the Law of the Sea

- Opened for signature in 1982, Jamaica- Define objectives criteria into the

establishment of maritime boundaries

DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 8

Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation

The United Nations Convention The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seaon the Law of the Sea

- Give new concepts other than unrestricted sovereign (territorial)

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The United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seathe Law of the Sea

Coastal States exercise sovereignty over their territorial sea which they have the right to establish its breadth up to a limit not to exceed 12 nautical miles; foreign vessels are allowed "innocent passage" through those waters;

Key featuresKey features

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The United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seathe Law of the Sea

Coastal States have sovereign rights in a 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) with respect to natural resources whether living or non-living and certain economic activities, and exercise jurisdiction over marine scientific research and environmental protection;

Key featuresKey features

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The United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seathe Law of the Sea

The limits of the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of islands are determined in accordance with rules applicable to land territory, but rocks which could not sustain human habitation or economic life of their own would have no economic zone or continental shelf;

Key featuresKey features

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The United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seathe Law of the Sea

BaselinesBaselines

Key of the KeysKey of the Keys

Art. 5 - …is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State.

hydrography

n. cartography

low-waterlarge-scale charts

officially

regognized authority

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The United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seathe Law of the Sea

Continental ShelfContinental Shelf

Key of the KeysKey of the Keys

Art. 76 ......(4a i ii) 60 nautical miles from the foot of slopefoot of slope......

(5) not exceed 100 nautical miles from the 2500 isobath2500 isobath

Hydrography, geology and cartography

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The United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seathe Law of the Sea

BaselinesBaselines

Territorial SeaTerritorial Sea

2500 isobath2500 isobath

Key of the KeysKey of the Keys

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The United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seathe Law of the Sea

BaselinesBaselines

Territorial SeaTerritorial Sea

Key of the KeysKey of the Keys

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SummarySummary

Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation

IntroductionThe United Nations Convention on

the Law of the SeaThe Brazilian caseThe Brazilian caseSupporting relationshipConclusion

DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 18

Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case

- Bilateral agreement with France and Uruguay

- Outer limit under examination by the CLCS (UN)

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Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case

Agreement with France

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Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case

Agreement with France

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Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case

Agreement with Uruguay

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Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case

Agreement with Uruguay

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The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case

Maritime Maritime Delimitation Delimitation

Outer limit

EEZ

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The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case

MaritimeMaritime Delimitation Delimitation

Bathymetric and seismic surveys

Besides the outer limit definition the State also increases its scientific

knowledge

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Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case

Resources

- Legal

- Organizational

- Human

- Technological

- Material

State

Stateand / oragreement

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SummarySummary

Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation

IntroductionThe United Nations Convention on

the Law of the SeaThe Brazilian caseSupporting relationshipSupporting relationshipConclusion

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Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation Supporting relationshipSupporting relationship

National and international Agreements

IHO MACHC

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SummarySummary

Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation

IntroductionThe United Nations Convention on

the Law of the SeaThe Brazilian caseSupporting relationshipConclusionConclusion

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Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation ConclusionConclusion

– The international community established, by the Convention, a pacific, consensus, and reasonable way, to solve disputes and to guarantee rights, in maritime subjects.

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Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation ConclusionConclusion

- Each State is encouraged to make it’s pronouncement based on the established UNCLOS parameters

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Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation ConclusionConclusion

- It’s necessary a huge effort to guarantee the rights. This effort should be proportional:

to the kind of interestto the available resourcesto the existing resources

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Maritime Delimitation

Comments and Questions ?!Comments and Questions ?!