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SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY, BIHARThe society is a voluntary organisation of scientists,

technologists, teachers, science communicators that edeavoursto popularise science and technology, stimulate scientific andtechnological temper, self reliance in science and technology,coordinates and supports such efforts. Our Goals are to createexcitement concerning advances in science & technology, to enableinformed decision - making at the grass root level & to encourageintelligent debate on developmental issues. The society wasestablished in 1980 in a formal inauguration at Patna University.

Our important partners are RVPSP, Department of Scienceand Technology, Govt. of India, State Council of Education ResearchTraining, Schools, Colleges and University Centres, Bihar Councilon Science and Technology & Taramandal, Bihar SecondaryTeachers Association, Bihar Rationalist Society, Srikrishna ScienceCentre, Patna (NCSM), East West Education Society and a host oflocal voluntary cultural organisations, media groups.

Some Activities of the Society :– Popular Science Lectures,State & National Level Seminar/Workshops, On Scientific PolicyResolution (1983), Energy Crisis (1984), Flood and Drought Controlin Bihar (1985), Bharat Jan Vigyan Jatha (1987), Coordination ofBharat Jan Vigyan Jatha (1992), Elementary Education asFundamental Right (1996), District Level Nature Study Camps(Darbhanga, Munger, Sitamarhi, Chapra, Dumka, Jamshedpur),Regional MRP Training for "Hydroponics", (recently conducted atSamastipur) Coordination of Year of Scientific Awareness - 2004in the State, Vermicomposting Training Workshop at Gaya &Purnea, Campaign against superstitious belief etc.

The society conducted the lead Awareness programme withQuality council of India (2009) and science writing/JournalismTraining Workshops at Sitamarhi, Bhagalpur and Bhabhua (2009)"Scientific explanation of so called miracles" porgramme conductedby Dr. Narendra Nayak was organised at Sitamarhi, Bettiah,Lakhisarai , Banka, Gaya & being held at Sitamarhi, Begusarai &Lakhisarai in April 2010.

In 2005 "The Year of Physics" activity was organised in theState. The society is planning to conduct "Understanding Planet

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Earth"and Int. year of Astronomy programme of NCSTC-DST in comingyears. The Society Coordinates the Network Programme of NationalTheacher's Science Congress since 2005 from Patna centre.

Achievements :– Generating a state level network oforganisations, individuals for conducting science communicationprogrammes on a voluntary basis, Creating District Level Resourcegroup to empower local institutions, Skill development of rural areateachers/students. Grass root science communicators, RegionalTraining Workshops for MRP on project preparation on variousfacets of Sc. and Tech and its application, Regional MRP TrainingWorkshop for study on Rights of Children, District level orientationtraining workshops for school teachers/science communicators,Publication of softwares, Newsletter by a group of coordinators,translation, publication of resource materials in Hindi.

Children's Science Congress :– This is an opportunity forbrilliant young scientists (between 10 to 17 years of age) to workin teams under a guide on an identified theme, Select a problemfrom the neighborhood, Develop a hypothesis and conduct fieldresearch, see patterns in data and prepare a report, presentfindings before peer group in one's own language. Meritorious andinnovative projects are selected from district congresses. Statecongress and national convention, Each state also sends twodelegates to the Annual Session of the Indian Science Congress(ISCA). The Congress has been organised in almost all districtsevery year with more and more schools, clubs, joining the activity.Developing an activity book, training workshops for guide teachers,evaluating the research projects and coordinating the district andstate level conventions are enriching experiences for a number oforganisations. The state CSC is being coordinated by the societysince 1993. The XXIV Congress was conducted at Gopalganj in 2016.

Contact Address :Chemistry Department (New Building, Ground Floor)

Science College, Patna University, Patna-800 005, BIHAR;email : < verma1946@gmail.com > / < yahoo.com >

For details visit :< www.scienceforsocietybihar.org >

Tel. 0612-2673343; 09661886543 (O)

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canj l s bUl ku cuus dh i zfØ; k , oa ml ds ckn] euq"; esa i zÑfr dsjgL; dks t kuus dh ft Kkl k jgh gS A jgL; ksa dh [ kkst djus ds Øe esaeuq"; i zÑfr ds jgL; ksa dk , d&, d i jr [ kksyrk x; k A vkfne ; qx l svkt rd dk fodkl ekuo dh bl h i zofr ds dkj.k l aHko gqvk gS A vktHkh gekjs oSKkfud i zÑfr ds vut kus jgL; ksa dh O; k[ ; k djus esa yxs gSaA

euq"; dk Kku t gka rd i gq¡pk gS] ogka rd ml dh l e>nkjh gS]ml ds ckn vKkurko' k og va/ fo' okl ksa dk f' kdkj gks t krk gS A , dl e; Fkk] t c gok] i kuh] vkx l Hkh dks Hkxoku dk : i eku dj ml dhi wt k dh t krh Fkh A pUnzek ds l UnHkZ esa rjg&rjg dh nar dFkk; sa i zpfyrFkh A i j t c l s ekuo us pUnzek dh / jrh i j i Sj j [ kk vkSj nwfu; kokyksadks foLrkj l s t kudkjh feyh rc l s mu nar dFkkvksa dks yksx Hkwy l s x; svkSj vkt gj vkneh t kurk gS fd pUnzek i Foh dk mi xzg gS A , sl kvkdk' kh; i M gS ft l i j dksbZ t ho ; k ok; qeaMy (gok) ugha gS A vr%nardFkkvksa okyh ¶p[ kkZ pykrh cqf<+; k ekek dk pUnzek i j gksus dk i z' ugh ugha mBrk A

t c euq"; xqi Qkvksa esa jgrk Fkk] ml l e; og i zkÑfrd ?kVukvksa i jvk' p; Zpfdr gks mBrk Fkk A dM+drh fct yh ml s vpEHks esa Mky nsrhFkh] eka ds i sV l s i Snk gksrk cPpk rks ml s peRdkj ( t knw) ds l eku yxrkFkk A jkr dk va/ sjk t axy esa dbZ Mj i Snk djrs Fks t ks l w; Z fudyus i jgh nwj gksrs Fks A

' kq# esa ekuo] bu l Hkh ?kVukvksa dks l e>us esa v l eFkZ gksus ds dkj.k¶Hkxoku vkSj ¶vPNh] cqjh vkRekvksa ds fopkjksa l s i zHkkfor gqvk Al w; Z us xehZ vkSj mt kyk fn; k vkSj jkr ds dbZ Mj nwj fd; sA l w; Z&nsorkds t Ue dh ; gh dgkuh gS A t c euq"; dks fdl h chekjh us t dM+ fy; k]

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l ekt esa , sl s O; fDr Hkh i Snk gq, t ks t u&l k/ kj.k l s vf/ d pkykd]nwl jksa dh vKkurk] det ksfj ; ksa vkSj vKkr pht ksa l s i Snk gq, Mj dkukt k; t i Qk; nk mBkus esa vf/ d fnypLi h ysrs jgs A bl rjg ¶i zHkq#i heuq"; ksa dk t Ue gqvk A mUgksaus v i us Kku dk i Qk; nk mBk dj l ekt esa' kfDr' kkyh LFkku gkfl y fd; k A ¶jkt k dks bZ' oj&i q=k cuk dj ekuot kfr i j Fkksi k x; k A jkt l Ùkk esa jkt k ds v/ hu i wjh t urk dks xqykecukus dh ' kk; n ; gh dgkuh gS A ge t kurs gSa , d l e; jkt k dks nso&i q=k, oa ml dh ok.kh dks nsook.kh dh l aKk nh xbZA vr% nsook.kh u ekuusokyk bZ' ojnzksgh djkj fn; k x; k rFkk bl dh vkM+ esa t urk l Hkh i zdkj dsvR; kpkj , oa ' kks"k.k dh f' kdkj gqbZ A

dqN pkykd yksxksa us t M+h&cwfV; ksa ds Kku l s] mUgsa [ kkl &[ kkl chekjhBhd djus] fl rkjksa ds Kku dk mi ; ksx dj ekul wu ; k l w[ kk] ck<+ dksl e>kus dk dk; Z djus yxs A bl Kku dks t ux.k rd i gaqpkus ds cnysos v i us l hfer l ewg esa gh j[ kus yxs rFkk i qt kjh oxZ dk t Ue gqvk A, sl k oxZ t ks / jrh i j jgus okyksa dks bZ' oj l s t ksM+rk Fkk A

va/ fo' okl h t urk] fl i ZQ Hkkjr esa gh ugha gS] i j rduhdh : i l srjDdh fd; s ns' kksa esa Hkh va/ fo' okl h gSa] i j i zHkq#i h euq"; ksa }kjk dq' kyrkl s vke vknfe; ksa dks / ks[ kk nsus] Nyus] ew[ kZ cukus dh ?kVuk; sa gekjs ns' kesa T; knk gS A ea=k ' kfDr l s gou&dqaM esa vkx t ykrs] nSoh' kfDr&t y l schekjksa dks Bhd djrs l k/ w] i Qdhj ds l ekpkj ns' k ds dksus&dksus l sfeyrs jgrs gSa A

l PpkbZ ; g gS fd ; s l Hkh l k/ kj.k gkFk dh l i QkbZ ( fVªd) ] i zf' k{k.k

, oa vH; kl l s gj dksbZ dj l drk gS A , sl s l Hkh peRdkjksa dh vkl kul h O; k[ ; k Hkh gS A l Hkh vkykSfdd peRdkjksa , oa va/ fo' okl ksa ds i hNsdksbZ jkl k; fud i zfrfØ; k] t M+h&cwVh , oa gkFk dh l i QkbZ gS A ngdrs vkxi j pyuk] ; k vkx [ kk t kuk] feBkbZ ( i sM+k] cj i Qh) vkfn e¡xkuk t Sl s [ ksydksbZ Hkh l h[ k l drk gS A i jUrq bl dk t urk dks Nyus ds vykok D; ki Qk; nk gS \

bl fy, vki t c Hkh , sl s [ ksy (peRdkj) ns[ ksa] mUgsa è; ku l s l e>s]l ksaps vkSj dkj.k <¡w<us dk i z; kl djsa vkSj / ks[ ksckt dk i nkZi Qk' k djsa Abu [ ksyksa dks l h[ ksa , oa vH; kl dj yksxksa dks crk; sa rFkk i zHkq#i h vknfe; ksa}kjk ' kks"k.k l s cpko djsa vkSj egRoi w.kZ gS fd bl Kku dks t ux.k rdi gaqpk, ¡ A ft l l s gekjh xzkeh.k t urk bl rjg ds pkykd yksxksa }kjk Bxhu t k l ds A

i zLrqr i qfLrdk vykSfdd peRdkjksa dks l h[ kus] djus] l e>kus , oava/ fo' okl ksa l s eqfDr fnykus dk , d NksVk i z; kl gS A vk' kk gS ; g i qLrdLo; al sfo; ksa , oa t urk ds fy, mi ; ksxh fl ¼ gksxh A bl i qfLrdk esa mn~èkrdqN l kefxz; ksa ds fy, ge Jh ohú i zsekuUn] cSaxyksj , oa l k; al dE; qfudsVl Zi Qksje] dydÙkk ds vkHkkjh gSa A oSKkfud t kx: drk o"kZ&2004] Hkkjrt u foKku t RFkk , oa l k; al i QkWj l ksl kbVh] fcgkj ds Lo; al sfo; ksa }kjk ns' kds fofHkUu xzkeh.k vapyksa esa bu peRdkjksa dks fn[ kkus , oa l e>kus dsi z; kl ksa ds i QyLo: i ; g i qfLrdk vki ds l keus vkbZ gS A

v è; {k@egkl fpol k; al i QkWj l ksl kbZVh] fcgkjC/o j l k; u foHkkx] l k; al dkWyst

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¹ Reprinted %ebZ 2017] 1500 i zfr º

28. ukfj; y l s i wQy fudkyuk 2629. HkHkwr l s ' kjhj i j uke xksnuk 2730. fcuk phji QkM+ dk vkWi js' ku 2731. ?kaVh ckck 2832. i RFkj fupksM+dj rsy fudkyuk 2933. ekufl d ' kfDr }kjk pEep rksM+uk 3034. fepkZb ckck 3135. de.My l s HkHkwr fudkyuk 3136. Úse yxk, i QksVks l s rsy dk fxjuk 3237. di M+s l s i kuh dks jksduk ; k can djuk 3238. ukfj; y esa ' kSrku dk [ kwu 3339. ek¡ y{eh dk HkHkwr 3340. ek¡ dkyh dk vkf' kokZn 3441. ' kjkc dks i kuh cukuk 3542. Mk; u i dM+uk 3543. eU=k ' kfDr l s ; K esa vfXu i zTofyr djuk 3644. ukxk l k/ qvksa dk peRdkj 3745. vfXu&Luku 3846. Hkwr mrkj dj HkLe djuk 3947. dk¡p [ kkuk 4148. ekfpl xk; c djuk 4249. mcyrs rsy esa vaxqyh Mkyuk 4350. fdl h O; fDr dks ydM+h dh Hkkafr l [ r cukuk 4451. [ kkyh crZu l s eupkgk i Qy fudkyuk 4652. jk[ k dh Mksj l s vaxwBh yVdkuk 4753. vkx [ kkuk 4854. fxjrs gq, uksV dk i dM+uk 4955. Hkwfexr l ekf/ 5056. oSKkfud psruk D; k gS! gekjh l eL; kvksa dk , dek=k gy 52

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i "B&l a[ ; k1. l j i j pk; cukuk 12. i kuh l s ySEi t ykuk 23. ' kksjs dk rst kc i huk 34. feV~Vh dks gYnh vkSj gYnh dks dqedqe esa cnyuk 45. i Foh l s nsoh i zdV djuk 66. vi uh uCt jksduk 77. ft g~ok ds eè; l s f=k' kwy 88. vi us ' kjhj l s uhacw yVdkuk 99. nks / kxksa l s , d / kxk 10

10. ea=k l s dsyk dkVuk 1111. t ks gkFk dHkh xhys u gksa 1212. t knqbZ jk[ k cukuk 1313. i fo=k jk[ k cukuk 1414. xqCckjs dk u i wQVuk 1515. rst kc l s fy[ kkbZ 1616. xt c dk : eky 1717. l arjs l s [ kwu 1818. jLl h ds [ ksy 1819. ekufl d ' kfDr l s vkx yxkuk 2020. vfXut hr ' kjhj 2121. yksVk Hkjs pkoy dks , d Nwjk }kjk mBkuk 2222. i fo=k uohl a[ kk* dk fgyuk&Mqyuk 2223. i hfy; k jksx ( t kafMl &gsi kVkbfVl ) dk bykt % eU=k l s 2324. i zsrkRek dk [ kwu@nsoh dh gLrjs[ kk 2425. i k¡o ds Bksdj }kjk t ehu l s i kuh fudkyuk 2426. foHkwfr }kjk fl jnnZ ; k cq[ kkj dk bykt 2527. ' kjhj esa uke xksnuk 25

1 fl j i j pk; cukuki zk; % ge v i us xkaoksa o ' kgjksa esa ns[ krs gSa fd dbZ O; fDr yxkrkj

3&4 fnu rd fcuk #ds , d ?ksjs esa l kbZ7dy pykrs jgrs gSaA osl kbZfdy i j gh pyrs&pyrs v i uh l Hkh nSfud fØ; k, a i wjh djrs gSa A bufØ; kvksa esa os l kbZfdy i j gh ugkuk] [ kkuk [ kkuk] ' kso cukuk bR; kfn dk; Zdjrs gSa A os bu dk; ks± esa i w.kZ vH; Lr gksrs gSa vkSj , d n<+ fo' okl dsvUrxZr ; s l c djrs gSa A ; fn ckr ; gha rd l hfer gks rks dksbZ ckr ugha]mudk ; s nkok fd os ; s l c nSoh ' kfDr dh i zsj.kk l s dj rs gSa]vki fÙkt ud gS A vUr esa ; s peRdkjh i q#"k v i us fl j i j rkSfy; k j [ krsgSa A rkSfy, i j di M+s dh xksy i SM i j feV~Vh dk rsy Mkyrs gSa vkSj fi Qjpk; cukrs gSa A ns[ kus okyksa ds fy, ; s l c fdl h peRdkj l s de ughagksrk A

fl j i j pk; dSl s cuk, ¡ \ jks, ¡nkj l wrh rkSfy; k yks A bl dksfHkxksdj fupksM+ks A bl dh nks rgsa djks rFkk rg ds chp esa xhys vkVs dhyksbZ cuk dj nckvks A v i us l kFkh ds fl j i j ; g rkSfy; k bl i zdkj j [ kksfd vkVs dh yksbZ rgksa ds chp esa nch ml ds fl j i j vk t k, A ; gfn[ kkbZ ugha nsrh A vc l wrh di M+s dh i V~Vh l s , d xksy pDdj rS; kjdjks A bl dks feV~Vh ds rsy esa fHkxks yks A è; ku jgs rsy Vi drk u jgsAbl dks rkSfy, i j j [ kks A fn; kl ykbZ l s pDdj dks t ykvks vkSj ml i jcrZu esa pk; cukvks A vki dh pk; cu Hkh t k, xh vkSj pDdj fi Qj Hkht yrk jgsxk A rkSfy, l fgr pDdj dks mBkvks vkSj bl s pkjksa vksj l s <dnks A ; g cq> t k, xk A , d di pk; eq[ ; v frfFk dks rFkk , d di fl ji j pk; cukus okys dks i s' k djks A vk' p; Zt ud ckr rks ; g gksxh fdft l ds fl j i j pk; cuh gS ml s B.<d vuqHko gksxh A fl j dk i zR; sdcky l qjf{kr jgsxk A rkSfy; k Hkh ugha t ysxk A bl ds vUnj dk vkVkfudkyks rFkk l kcqu l s / ks yks A ; gka rd fd di M+s dk pDdj Hkh ughat ysxk A

ckr l ki Q gS A i gys feV~Vh dk rsy t yrk gS A t c rd pDdjds vUnj dk rsy t y dj [ kRe ugha gks t krk] di M+s dk pDdj ugha

t yrk A D; ksafd rkSfy; k xhyk gS bl fy, t c rd ml esa ueh gS] og ughat ysxk A rkSfy; k xeZ gksdj t Ynh bl fy, Hkh ugha l w[ krk fd bl s uhpsl s vkVs }kjk ueh nh t k jgh gS A fl j rd Å"ek dk i gqapuk l jy ughagS vkSj rc rd vki dh pk; cu t krh gS A ft l i zdkj dkxt ds crZuesa i kuh mckyk t krk gS vkSj dkxt ugha t yrk ml h i zdkj u rkSfy; kt yrk gS] u Å"ek fl j rd i gq¡prh gSA

2 i kuh l s ySEi t ykuk, d ckj , d l k/ q ds Msjs esa t kus dk vol j feyk A

l k/ q dk et ek t ek gqvk Fkk A l k/ q fpye i h jgk Fkk A l keus dqNHkDrx.k cSBs gq, Fks A yksd&i jyksd dh ppkZ py jgh Fkh A i hNs nhokji j nhoV i j , d ySEi j [ kk gqvk Fkk A FkksM+h nsj ds ckn ySEi dh ykS eUngqbZ vkSj ml ds ckn og cq> x; k A l k/ q us v i us psys dks vkns' k fn; kfd ySEi esa FkksM+k i kuh Mky ns A i kuh Mkyus ds ckn l k/ q us Lo; a mBdj ml s fn; kl ykbZ l s t yk; k A i wjk dejk rst jks' kuh l s t xexk mBk AdqN psyksa us gkFk t ksM+s vkSj ckck dh t ; t ; dkj dh A i gys rks eSausl kspk fd i kuh Mkyus l s rsy dqN Åi j vk x; k gksxk vkSj cÙkh esa p<+x; k gksxk ft l l s ; g t y mBkA i jUrq dqN HkDrt u rks bl h l s cgqri zHkkfor gq, vkSj dgus yxs fd ckck ds gkFk esa ' kfDr gS] ; s dfj ' ek djl drs gSa A FkksM+h nsj ds ckn fi Qj oSl k gh gqvk A jks' kuh eUn gqbZ A ySEicq>k A psys us i kuh MkykA l k/ q us fn; kl ykbZ l s ySEi t yk; k A vc rksgn gh gks xbZ Fkh A l Hkh HkDrksa us gkFk t ksM+s vkSj l k/ q dh fl ¼h dk yksgkekuk A bl ckj eSaus v i uk fnekx nkSM+k; k A ckj&ckj i kuh l s fdl h ySEidks dSl s t yk; k t k l drk gS A

eSaus ySEi dh vksj è; ku l s ns[ kk A vkSj vc l e>us esa nsj gh ughayxh fd t yrk dSl s Fkk A fo' ks"k ckr rks ; g Fkh fd ySEi dh jks' kuh Hkhrsy ds ySEi ksa l s fHkUu Fkh A HkDrksa dh rks ekufl drk gh , sl h Fkh fd osrks ml dh nSoh' kfDr esa vfo' okl dj gh ugha l drs Fks A ysfdu FkksM+kl k Hkh foKku t kuus okys ds fy, ; g l e>uk dksbZ eqf' dy ugha Fkk A

21

ml l e; rks eSa pqi gh jgk A D; ksafd okrkoj.k vuqdwy ugha Fkk A i jUrq; fn vki bl dk gy ugha l ksp i k, gksa rks crk nsrs gSa A okLrfodrk rks; g Fkh fd ySEi esa cÙkh gh ugha Fkh A ySEi esa uhps dSfYl ; e dkckZbMds dqN VqdM+s Mkys gq, Fks A t c FkksM+k l k i kuh Mkyk rks jkl k; fud fØ; kgqbZ vkSj , fl fVyhu xSl i Snk gqbZ A , fl fVyhu rst ped l s t yrh gS Ai kuh i z; ksx gks pqdk rks jkl k; fud fØ; k cUn gks xbZ vkSj ySEi cq> x; kAnksckjk i kuh Mkyk x; k A ySEi fi Qj t yk fn; k x; k A

; gk¡ nks ckrsa xgjkbZ l s l e>us dh gSa A , d rks ; g fd , sl speRdkjksa ds i hNs t ks foKku fNi k gS og vke t urk l e> ugha i krhAnwl js t gka ; s peRdkj gksrs gSa] ogk¡ dk okrkoj.k vkSj l EcU/ dqN bli zdkj ds gksrs gSa fd l gt esa vfo' okl dh Hkkouk i Snk gh ugha gksrhA; g nwl jh ckr gekjs fy, cgqr gh [ krjukd gS A gt kjksa o"kks± l s gekjhekufl drk esa peRdkjksa ds i zfr fo' okl rFkk nsoi q#"kksa ds i zfr , d fo' ks"knf"Vdks.k cuk fn; k x; k gS A vkSj ge vfu"V dh vk' kadk l s Hk; Hkhr blnk; js dks rksM+ ugha i krs A

3 ' kksj s dk rst kc i hukl e; &l e; i j dbZ gB; ksfx; ksa rFkk peRdkjh nsoi q#"kksa us l i Z

fo"k (Cobra Venom) i hus dk nkok fd; k gS A gks l drk gS fd fdl h usvi us HkDrksa ds l keus bl dk i zn' kZu Hkh fd; k gks A i jUrq gekjh t kudkjhesa vkt rd dksbZ Hkh O; fDr , sl k ugha vk; k ft l us bl dk oSKkfud i jh{k.kdjokuk Lohdkj fd; k gks A nkok djuk vyx ckr gS A oSKkfud t kap dkl keuk djuk , d dfBu dke gS A gk¡ muds peRdkj djus dk rjhdkt #j , sl k gksrk gS fd l kekU; t kudkjh j [ kus okys ds fy, ; g , ddfj ' ek gh gksrk gS A t gj] rst kc] i ksVkf' k; e l k; ukbM l Hkh cgqr[ krjukd i nkFkZ gSa A bUgsa ' kjhj ds vUnj fy; k gh ugha t k l drk A ysfduvc rd rks vki , d peRdkjh fl ¼ i q#"k gks pqds gks A vki dks ' kksjs dkvEy i huk Hkh vk t kuk pkfg, A

, d ' kksjs ds vEy dh cksry yks A bl ds vEy dks fdl h nwl jh

cksry esa [ kkyh djks A vEy dh cksry dks vPNh rjg / ks yksA ysfdubl ds yscy dks vPNh rjg l qjf{kr j [ kks A bl esa rst kc ft ruh ÅapkbZ rdi kuh Hkjks A , d fi i sV yks A fi i sV esa ' kq¼ ' kksjs dk vEy i kuh ft ruhÅ¡pkbZ rd Hkjks A fi i sV dks v¡xwBk yxk dj yscy okyh i kuh dh cksryesa j[ kks A vc gekjs i kl ' kksjs ds vEy ds yscy dh cksry gS A cksryesa i kuh gS] i kuh esa , d fi i sV gS A fi i sV esa ' kksjs dk vEy gS A D; ksafdrjy i nkFkZ v i uk ry cuk; s j [ krs gSa] bl fy, vEy vkSj i kuh vki l esafeyrs ugha A , d phuh feV~Vh dh Fkkyh yks A bl esa rkEcs ds NksVs&NksVsVqdM+s Mkyks A l cds l keus ; g fl ¼ djus ds fy, fd cksry esa oLrqr%vEy gh gS] fi i sV ds Åi j Å¡xyh yxkvks] cksry l s ckgj fudkyks vkSjbl nzo dks phuh dh I; kyh esa Mkyks A ' kksjs dk vEy] rkEcs ds VqdM+s dsl kFk rqjar fØ; k djrk gSA ukbVªkst u i jkWDl kbM ds yky Hkwjs ok"i bl ckrdh i q"Vh djsaxs fd cksry esa ' kksjs dk vEy gS A vc cksry dks mBkvksvksj , d , d ?kwaV djds i h t kvks A ns[ kus okys gSjku jg t k, axs A

4 feV~Vh dks gYnh v kSj gYnh dks dqedqe esa cnyuk

ckr fl rkjksa dh uxjh cEcbZ ' kgj dh gS A , d fuEu eè; oxhZ;i fjokj dh dgkuh gS A i fjokj dh eqf[ k; k fo/ ok v i uh ; qok i q=kh dh' kknh ds fy, mfpr ngst t qVkus esa v l eFkZ Fkh A l kekft d i fj fLFkfr; k¡euq"; dks cgqr l hek rd et cwj dj nsrh gSaA ; s HkkX; okn dks t Ue nsrhgS A og , d ckck ds i kl xbZ A ckck us ?kj vkdj ' kqHk eqgwrZ fudkyusds fy, , d vuq"Bku djus dks dgkA ckck us ?kj vkdj i wt k&i kBfd; kA yM+dh dks v i us i kl cSBk; k A ml l s dgk fd , d pqVdh feV~Vh, d i qfM+; k esa cka/ dj ykvks A ckck us feV~Vh dh i qfM+; k v i us gkFk esayh A i qfM+; k dks yM+dh ds fl j i j rhu ckj ?kqek; k vkSj eU=kksPpkj.kfd; k A i qfM+; k dks [ kksyus dk vkns' k fn; k A ?kj ds l Hkh l nL; ns[ k djnax jg x, fd i qfM+; k esa feV~Vh ds LFkku i j gYnh Fkh A ckck us bl s ' kknhdk ' kqHk y{k.k crk; k A ckck us gYnh dks Nqvk A gYnh dqedqe esa cny

43

xbZ A ckck ds psgjs i j fot ; h eqLdku Fkh A ml us crk; k fd ' kknh dhrS; kjh djks A t Ynh gh fj ' rk r; gks t k, xk A ; g dgk fd jkf' k; kavuqdwy gSaA nks ekl esa ' kknh gks t kus dk vk' okl u fn; k A v i uh nf{k.kkds i kap l kS #i , fy, vkSj py fn; k A

l ekt esa ' kknh t Sl s ' kqHk o i fo=k vol jksa i j gYnh vkSj dqedqe( jksyh) dk fo' ks"k egRo gksrk gS A HkkoukRed : i l s ; s oLrq, ¡ gekjhft Unxh l s xgjh t qM+h gqbZ gS A l ekt dh uhao vkfFkZd rU=k i j vk/ kfjrgksrh gS A ngst o vU; l kekft d cqjkb; k¡ dgha u dgha t kdj bl hvkfFkZd ra=k l s t qM+rh gSa A ' kkfn; k¡ LoxZ l s r; gksdj ugha vkrh gSa A xzgvkSj jkf' k; k¡ bUgsa i zHkkfor ugha djrh A : <+hoknh ekU; rk, ¡ euq"; dk' kks"k.k djrh gSa A ge gdhdr dks NksM+ vi uh l eL; kvksa dk gy <wa<usds fy, dkYi fud / jkry ryk' k djrs gSaA D; ksafd okLrfodrk dM+osvuqHko djkrh gSa A dYi uk, ¡ / jkry ryk' k djrs gSa A ge l a; ksx , oal EHkkfodrk ds fu; e ugha t kurs A dHkh&dHkh l a; ksxo' k dke cu Hkhl drs gSa A gekjh / kj.kk, ¡ cu t krh gSa A fdruh ckj ge yqVrs gSa] ge ; gHkwy t krs gSa A ge fdl h peRdkj gksus dk bUrt kj djrs gSa A

[ kSj] ; s l c ckrsa bruh t Ynh vki dk vkSj gekjk i hNk NksM+usokyh ugha A bu i j xgjkbZ l s fopkj dhft , A gYnh vkSj dqedqe dhckr i j vkb, A feV~Vh dh gYnh vkSj gYnh dk dqedqe dSl s curk gS\ckck dkxt dh NksVh l s i qfM+; k esa gYnh i gys l s v i us gkFk esa fNi k djj [ krk gS A vki feV~Vh dh i qfM+; k ml s nsrs gSa A fl j i j ?kqekus ds cgkuseU=k i <+rs l e; og i qfM+; k cny ysrk gS A ml ds gkFk vki ds fl j dsi kl gS A bl fy, vki ns[ k ugha i krs A ckck ds vaxwBs vkSj v¡xqfy; ksa i ji gys l s gh pwuk yxk gS A ; g , d jkl k; fud fØ; k gS A pwuk ( {kkj)gYnh ds l kFk fØ; k djds bl s yky Hkwjk cukrk gS A

nks ekl chr t kus ds ckn i zfl ¼ oSKkfud ch- i zsekuUn dks ml hvkSjr ds ?kj t kus dk vol j feyk A ml dks ; g l c djds fn[ kyk; kx; k vkSj ml s l e>k; k A ; fn fgl kc yxk; k t k, rks bl i zdkj ds dk; ks±esa ge dbZ ckj v i uk dki Qh esgur l s dek; k gqvk / u O; FkZ yqVkrs gSaA

; fn ml / u dk l axzg dj fy; k t k, rks NksVs eksVs dke rks fudy l drsgSa A nwl js gesa v i uh l eL; kvksa ds Bhd dkj.k [ kkst us pkfg, A vaèk&fo' oklvkSj O; FkZ ds deZdkaM gekjh l eL; k, ¡ gy ugha dj l drsA

5 i Foh l s nsoh çdV d jukl k/ q egkRek ds os' k esa dksbZ O; fDr i wjs xk¡o dk , d pDdj

yxkrk gS A dbZ fnu rd Hkt u&dhrZu djrk gS A v i us HkDrksa ds chpcSB dj Hkfo"; ok.kh djrk gS fd LoIu esa ml s bZ' oj ds n' kZu gq, vkSjcrk; k x; k fd vki ds xkao esa nsoh i zdV gksxh A ; g xk¡o ds fy, , d[ kq' kh dk vol j gksxk A i wjk xk¡o feydj mudk efUnj cuok, A i zfrfnuml dh i wt k&vpZuk gks A l k/ q xk¡o dk fi Qj pDdj yxkrk gS vkSj l qul kul k LFkku [ kkst dj nk' kZfud eqnzk, ¡ cukdj xk¡o okyksa dks dgrk gS] ; ghog i fo=k LFkku gS] t gk¡ nsoh t Ue ysxh A l k/ q ml h LFkku i j v i uh èkwuht ek ysrk gS A gj jkst ogk¡ l Rl ax gksrk gS A dqN O; fDr gj l e; l kèkqds i kl / kfeZd ppkZ, ¡ djrs jgrs gSa A efUnj cukus dh ; kst uk, ¡ cukrs gSaApeRdkj ! Hk; adj peRdkj !! Hkjh HkhM+ esa l cds l keus t ehu i QksM+djnsoh i zdV gks jgh gS A l c nsoh dh t ; t ; dkj djrs gSa A / hjs&/ hjs HkhM+N¡Vrh gS A i wjk xk¡o nku jkf' k , d=k djus esa t qV t krk gS A efUnj dkfuekZ.k ' kq# gksrk gS A efUnj cuus ds l kFk gh og eBk/ h' k cu t krk gSAml dh i zfl f¼ nwj&nwj rd i SQy t krh gS A

vkf[ kj ; g ukVd gS D; k \ vkSj dHkh&dHkh l quus esa vkrk gS fdveqd l k/ q veqd LFkku l s v i uk l keku , d=k dj pEi r gks x; k gS Ansoh i zdV dSl s gqbZ \ fcuk i woZ l wpuk ds ml l k/ q us l oZi zFke xk¡o esaml LFkku dk pquko fd; k A vkSj ml LFkku dks pquk t ks fdl h dhO; fDrxr t ehu ugha Fkh ; k , sl k LFkku t gkaa efUnj dk fuekZ.k l okZf/ dvuqdwy Fkk A ml h l k/ q us ; k ml ds dqN , t sUVksa us jkr ds vU/ sjs esa fcukfdl h dks i rk yxs ml LFkku i j yxHkx 6 xgjk NksVk l k x<~<k [ kksnkAml esa Hkhaxs gq, yxHkx 2 fdyks dkcqyh pus Mkys A ml ds Åi j l h/ h

65

NksVh l h nsoh dh ew£r [ kM+h dh A ew£r ds pkjksa vksj feV~Vh Hkj nh A Åi jHkh feV~Vh l s <d fn; k A t ehu ; Fkkor l ery cuk nh ekuksa ; gka dqNgqvk gh u gks A l k/ q us ml h LFkku dk pquko fd; k A i zfrfnu l Rl ax djusds cgkus i kuh dk fNM+dko fd; k A v i zR; {k : i esa pus ds cht l hapst k jgs gSa A i kuh xzg.k dj pus i wQyus yxs A nks rhu fnu ckn t c vadqji wQVus yxs rks ml t ksj l s (Åi j yxus okys cy) t ehu VwVh A èkhjs&èkhjsnsoh dh i zfrek i zdV gqbZ A brus esa gh t ; t ; dkj ' kq# gks xbZ A Mªkesdk i gyk vad l ekIr gqvk A

eSa yEch cgl esa ugha t kuk pkgrk A fdruh gkL; kLi n ckr gS fdnsoh&nsorkvksa ds i zdV gksus dh i woZ l wpuk, ¡ euq"; ns jgs gSa A fopkj.kh;eqík rks ; g gksuk pkfg, fd nsoh&nsork t Ue D; ksa ysrs gSa vkSj budks i Snkdjus okyh i fj fLFkfr; k¡ dkSu l h gS \ , d cgqr i qjkuh mfDr gS A fdl hl axrjk' k ( i RFkj i j fp=k [ kksnus okyk) us i gkM+ksa i j ?kwers gq, fdl hcsdkj i M+s i RFkj ds VqdM+s dks mBk; k A v i us NSuh gFkkSM+s l s dk; Z ' kq#fd; k A ns[ krs gh ns[ krs i RFkj dk VqdM+k nsoh nsork dk #i / kj.k djx; kA l axrjk' k v i uh ; k=kk i j pyrk cukA yksx ml i RFkj ds VqdM+s dsi kl , d=k gksus ' kq# gq, A og LFky / kfeZd LFkku cu x; k A nwj&nwj l syksx ogk¡ vkus yxs A eBksa dk fuekZ.k gks x; k A / U; gSa os gkFk ft uds}kjk ew£r dk fuekZ.k gqvk gSA i wt k rks ge dkjhxj ds mu gkFkksa dh djuhpkfg, ft l l s fuekZ.k gksrk gSA

6 v i uh uCt j ksdukokafNr l kexzh%, d crZu@i RFkj dk VqdM+krS; kj h %vi us ckt w dh cxy esa crZu dks bl rjg j [ kks fd

n' kZdksa dks i rk u pys Ai zn' kZu %n' kZdksa esa l s , d vkneh dks cqyk; sa t ks vki dh uCt

dks t kap l ds A ml s dgsa fd og vki dh uCt fxus A

; g l kekU; gksxh A dqN l SafdMksa ckn vki dh uCt èkhjsgks t k, xh] fi Qj vkSj / hjs gksxh vkSj vUrr% fcYdqy ghcan gks t k; sxh A

O; k[ ; k %t c vki v i uh ckt w nckrs gks] rks ; g vki dh Auxilliary

f' kjk dks nckrh gS vkSj jsfM; y f' kjk esa [ kwu t kuk cangks t krk gS A bl hfy, dykbZ l s vki dh uCt xk; c gkst krh gS A

l ko/ kuh %30 l sds.M l s vf/ d bl i z; ksx dks u djsa A vki dsckt w ds fy, ; g [ krjukd gks l drh gS A

7 ft g~ok ds eè; l s f=k' kwyokafNr l kexzh%t Sl k fd fp=k esa fn[ kk; k x; k gS] , d f=k' kwy ysa ft l esa

; w* eksM+ gks Ai z; ksx dk %f=k' kqy ds ; w* eksM+ dks v i uh ft àk l s Nqvk djfooj . k f=k' kqy dks n' kZdksa dks fn[ kk; sa A n' kZdksa dks yxsxk fd

; g oSl k gh f=k' kwy gS ft l dk , d fl jk uqdhyk gS Avc bl s v i uh ft àk i j j [ ksa vkSj v i us eaqg dks nwl jsgkFk l s <d ysa A , sl k fn[ kyk; sa t Sl s vki v i us ft àkdks phj jgs gSa A vc ; w* dks eaqg ds nk; sa fgLl s dhvksj j [ ksa vkSj ft àk dks ; w* eksM+ esa l s fudkyrs gq,ckgj fudkysa A gkFk gVk ysa vkSj n' kZdksa dks phjh gqbZft àk fn[ kk; sa A bl h rjg eaqg dks ck; sa gkFk l s dojdjrs gq, ] vkjke l s f=k' kwy fudky ysa A

j gL; %bl i z; ksx dk jkt f=k' kwy ds ; w&eksM+ esa gSA gFksyh ; kxnZu ; k Nkrh dks Hksnus okyk i z; ksx@peRdkj fd; k t kl drk gS vxj t knqbZ ryokj esa ; w&eksM+ gksA

87

ft g~ok ds eè; l s f=k' kwy

8 v i us ' kj hj l s uhacw yVdkukokafNr l kexzh%1- 5 uhacw] 2- 8 l wbZ; k¡] 3- l hus dk / kxk] 4- dSaphi z; ksx dk %, d l wbZ ysa vkSj ml esa / kxk Mkysa A uhacw esa l s l qbZfooj . k xqt kjsa vkSj / kxs dks cka/ nsa rkfd uhacw / kxs l s

yVds vkSj l qbZ / kxs esa gks A v i uh peM+h dhÅi jh l rg (ukM+h ugha) l s nks ; k rhu ckj l qbZxqt kjsa vkSj cka/ nsa A vc uhacw fcuk peM+h i QkM+svki dh peM+h l s yVd jgk gksxk] gj dksbZ gSjkugks t k; sxk fd vki v i uh peM+h l s uhacw yVdkl drs gSa A

j gL; %nnZ dk l adsr t c rd efLr"d rd ugha i gaqprkrc rd nnZ dk , gl kl ugha gksrk A t c csgk' kdj l t Zjh dh t krh gS rks , sl s gh dh t krh gS At c peM+h dks m/ sM+k t krk gS rks f' kjk; sa l qUu gkst krh gSa vkSj nnZ ds l adsr efLr "d rd ughai gaqprs A vki dks gSjkuh gksxh fd gekjh ckgjhpeM+h fcuk i QVs 500 xzke rd Hkkj mBk l drh gSavkSj peM+h dh rhu l rg feydj 80 fdyksxzkedk Hkkj ys l drh gSa A i jUrq i zn' kZu djrs oDrl wbZ dks t hok.kq j fgr (Sterlize) dj ysuk pkfg, A

v i us ' kj hj l s uhacw yVdkuk

9 nks / kxksa l s , d / kxkokafNr l kexzh%2 l s 3 i qQV yacs eksVs&t wV ds / kxs dk , d

VqdM+ki z; ksx dk %i zn' kZudrkZ / kxs dks ysrk gS vkSj t Sl k fp=k esa fn[ kk; kfooj . k x; k gS] bl s i d M+r k gS A n' kZd ksa d h

mi fLFkfr esa og bl s nks VqdM+ksa esa foHkkft r djrkgS rkfd bl s nksuksa fl j ksa l s [ khapk t k l ds An' kZd ns[ ksaxs fd nks / kxs feydj , d / kxk cut krk gSA

j gL; %/ kxs dk chp dk fgLl k] t Sl k fd fp=k esa fn[ kk; kx; k gS] nks fgLl ksa esa fd; k t krk gS A maxyh l svyx gq, VqdM+ksa dks ejksM+k t krk gS A ft l l s , sl ki zrhr gksrk gS fd / kxs ds nks VqdM+s gks x, gSa A t qM+sgq, fgLl s dks m¡xfy; ksa l s <d fn; k t krk gS A t Sl sgh n' kZd ml s [ khaprs gSa A / kxk v i uh i qjkuh ' kDyesa i qu% okfi l vk t krk gS A

109

nks / kxksa l s , d / kxk

10 ea=k l s dsyk dkVukokafNr l kexzh%(1) vk/ k nt Zu dsyk] (2) l wbZ vkSj / kxki z; ksx dk i zn' kZudrkZ dqN dsys ysdj n' kZdksa dks fn[ kkrk gSfooj . k %rkfd mUgsa ; dhu gks t k, fd ; s l kekU; dsys gSaA

rc og gkFk esa dsyk ysrk gS vkSj dqN ea=kksa dkmPpkj .k dj rk gS A ea=kksa ds ckn n' kZd ns[ kdjpfdr jg t k, xk fd dsys ds fNyds ds vanj Hkhdsyk NksVs&NksVs VqdM+ksa esa dVk gqvk gS A rks vcvki fcuk fNydk mrkjs dsyk dkV l drs gSa A

j gL; %t kfgj gS fd ; g i woZ fufeZr dsyk gksuk pkfg, A/ kxs dk Li wy ysa vkSj , d i ryh i jUrq yach l wbZHkh ysa A vc t Sl s fd fp=k esa fn[ kk; k x; k gS dsysds fNyds esa l s l qbZ xqt kjsa A vc ml h l qbZ dksml h Nsn esa l s fudkysa vkSj ; g i zfØ; k ckj ckjrc rd dh t krh gS t c rd l qbZ ml h i qjkus Nsni j ugha vk t krh ft l esa l s l cl s i gys ?kql kbZ xbZFkh A vc t Sl s gh / kxs ds nksuksa fl jksa dks i dM+kt krk gS vkSj t ksj l s [ khapk t krk gS] ; g v i us vki

dsys dks fcuk fNydk mrkjs dkV nsrk gS A blrjg l s vki 4&5 VqdM+s dj l drs gSa A

ea=k l s dsyk dkVuk

11 t ks gkFk dHkh xhys u gksaokafNr l kexzh%1- t d LVh; jsV] 2- i kuh j[ kus ds fy, crZui z; ksx fof/ %i zn' kZd i kuh l s Hkjk crZu ysrk gS o ml esa gkFk

Mqcksdj ckgj fudky ysrk gS A ns[ kus okys dks, sl k yxrk gS fd gkFk l w[ ks gh gSa A

j gL; %i gys v i us gkFkksa dks t d LVh; jsV i kmMj l s eyyhft , A vki ns[ ksaxs fd i kuh esa Mqckus i j Hkh gkFkl w[ ks jgrs gSa A

t ks gkFk dHkh xhys u gksa

1211

12 t knqbZ j k[ k cukuk[ ksy ds fy, %1- ejD; wfjd DyksjkbM] 2- , Y; wehfu; e dk i Sl kl kekui z; ksx fof/ %i zn' kZd n' kZdksa esa l s fd l h dks cqykdj ml l s

, Y; wehfu; e dk i Sl k ekaxrk gS A ml dks gkFkksa esaeyrs gq, dqN ea=k cksyrk gS vkSj FkksM+h nsj ds ckni Sl s dks n' kZd ds gkFk esa can dj ysrk gS A vcog , sl k n' kkZrk gS fd t Sl s og ekufl d ' kfDr dki z; ksx dj jgk gks A FkksM+h nsj esa i Sl k xeZ gks t krkgS vkSj t c og n' kZd dh eqV~Bh dks [ kksyrk gS rksyksx ns[ krs gSa fd i Sl k jk[ k cu pqdk gS A i zn' kZdbl s i fo=k jk[ k dk uke nsrk gS A

j gL; %; g peRdkj jkl k; fud i zfr fØ; k i j fuHkZj gS Ai zn' kZd i Sl s dks ysd j ml s xhys ej D; wfj dDyksjkbM l s eyrk gS A t c i Sl s dks eqV~Bh esacan fd; k t krk gS rks ok; q ds vHkko esa og xeZgks t krk gS A , sl k , Y; wehfu; e ds ejD; wfjdDyksjkbM ds l kFk jkl k; fud i zfr fØ; k gksus l s?kfVr gksrk gS A bl i zfrfØ; k ds ckn , Y; wehfu; eDyksjkbM cu t krk gS t ks fd ns[ kus esa jk[ k t Sl kyxrk gS A

l ko/ kuh %bl i z; ksx ds ckn v i us gkFk / ks ysa o jk[ k dksu [ kk, a D; ksafd ejD; wfjd DyksjkbM fo"kSyk gksrk gS A

13 i fo=k j k[ k cukukl kexzh %1-vxjcÙkh2- mcysgq, pkoyksadki kuh3- , d IysVi z; ksx fof/ %vki Hkh oSl s gh jk[ k cuk l drs gSa t Sl s fd rkaf=kd

cukrk gS A og v i uh gFksyh dks uhps dks vksj>qdk dj gkFk dks nks&rhu ckj fgykrk gS vkSji fo=k j k[ k* ml dh vaxqfy; ksa l s cguh ' kq# gks

t krh gS A fi Qj og rkaf=kd bl s v i us HkDrksa esa ckaVnsrk gS A vki Hkh jk[ k dks v i us nksLrksa esa ckaVl drs gSa vxj vki dks rjhdk ekywe gks A

j gL; %vxjcÙkh i kmMj dks LVkpZ ds i kuh esa (pkoyksa dki kuh) feykdj NksVh&NksVh fVfd; k cuk ys o mUgsal q[ kk ysa A , d fVfd; k dks v i us gkFk ds vaxwBs oi gyh maxyh ds chp esa Nqi k ysa A vki dks bl ckrdk vH; kl djuk gksxk fd vki ml gkFk l s i kuhdk fxykl mBk dj i h ysa] , d fdrkc mBk ysa ; kdqN fy[ k Hkh ysa i j fVfd; k fdl h dks u fn[ ks Afi Qj vki / hjs&/ hjs v i us gkFk dks ?kqek, a o , d>Vds esa gFksyh uhps dh vksj dj ysa rkfd fVfd; kmaxyh ds i ksjksa esa i gaqp t k, A vc bl fVfd; k dksnckdj i kmMj cuk nsa o yksxksa ds c<+s gq, gkFkksa esaMky okg&okgh ywVsa A

i fo=k j k[ k cukuk

1413

t knwbZ j k[ k cukuk

14 xqCckj s dk u i QwVukokafNr l kexzh%1- xqCckjk] 2- l syks Vsi ] 3- , d l qbZ

i z; ksx fof/ %bl esa i zn' kZd , d i wQys gq, xqCckjs dks rst l qbZpqHkksrk gS A i jUrq vk' p; Z gS fd i wQVrk ugha Ai jUrq t Sl s gh , d n' kZd xqCckjs dks l qbZ pqHkksrk gSxqCckjk i wQV t krk gS A

j gL; %l cl s i gys l syksVsi dk 10 l seh- × 10 l seh- dkVqdM+k xqCckjs ds ckgj fpi dk nsa A bl ds ckn oghai j l qbZ pqHkk; sa t gka i j l syksVsi yxh gS A ; gi wQVrk ugha D; ksafd fpi dh gqbZ l syksVsi ml {ks=k esaxqCckjs dk yphyki u de dj nsrh gS A

xqCckj s dk u i wQVuk

15 rst kc l s fy [ kkbZokafNr l kexzh%1- uhacw dk t wl ; k I; kt dk j l ] 2- l i sQn

dkxt ] 3- ekfpl dh rhyhi z; ksx dk %i zn' kZd , d l i sQn dkxt ysrk gS vkSj bl s eksecÙkhfooj . k dh ykS l s xeZ djrk gS A n' kZd vk' p; Z pfdr

gksdj ns[ ksaxs fd l ki Q dkxt i j fy[ kkbZ fn[ kjgh gS gkyk¡fd i gys ml i j dqN fy[ kk ughax; k FkkA

j gL; %, d l ki Q l i sQn dkxt ysa A , d ekfpl dh rhyhl s uhacw t wl ; k I; kt &j l ds l kFk ml i j dqNfy[ ksa A bl s vk/ s ?kaVs rd l w[ kus nsa A bl ds ckneksecÙkh dh ykS i j bl s xeZ djsa A fy[ kkbZ fn[ kkbZnsxh A ; g bl fy, gksrk gS D; ksafd t c uhacw ; kI; kt &j l (VkjVfjd , fl M) xeZ fd; k t krk gS] rksog dkyk gks t krk gS A

r st kc l s fy [ kkbZ

1615

16 xt c dk : ekyokafNr l kexzh%1- bFkkby , Ydksgy vkSj i kuh (vuqi kr 1 % 6)

2- #eky

i z; ksx fof/ %1 % 6 ds vuqi kr esa bFkkby , Ydksgy vkSj i kuhdk feJ.k rS; kj djsa A v i us gkFk dh gFksyh i j, d #eky j [ ksa vkSj bl i j cuk; k gqvk feJ.km¡Msy nsa A vc v i us fdl h l g; ksxh dks dgsa fdog feJ.k dks vkx yxk nsa A n' kZd ns[ kdj gSjkugksaxs fd #eky t yrk ugha gS A

j gL; %rjy feJ.k dk cgqr rst h l s ok"i hdj.k gksus dsdkj.k] vkx dks bruk l e; ugha feyrk fd #ekydks ml ds t yu&rki eku rd ys t k, A bl hfy,; g t yrk ugha A

xt c dk : eky

17 l ar j s l s [ kwuokafNr l kexzh%1- , d IysV2-pkdw3- fl j t vkSj yky rjy i nkFkZ

i z; ksx dk %l w=k/ kj l arjksa l s Hkjh , d IysV ysdj vkxs vkrk gSfooj . k vkSj n' kZdksa dks cqykrk gS fd [ kqn l arjksa dks dkVsa

vkSj ns[ k ysa A l c dqN LokHkkfod fn[ krk gS Al w=k/ kj [ kqn , d l ar jk mBkrk gS vkSj nks fgLl sdjrk gS A n' kZd ns[ kdj gSjku gks t krs gSa fd l arjsl s [ kwu fudy jgk gS A

j gL; %; g [ kkl r jg dk cuk; k gqvk l ar jk gS ft l esafl j t dh enn l s yky jax dk rjy i nkFkZ l arjsesa Hkjk gqvk gS A

l ar j s l s [ kwu

18 j Ll h ds [ ksyokafNr l kexzh%30 l seh-] 20 l seh- vkSj 10 l seh- dh yackbZ dh

rhu jfLl ; k¡i z; ksx dk %l w=k/ kj rhu vyx l kbt ksa esa rhu j fLl ; ka ysrk gSfooj . k vkSj v i uh m¡xfy; ksa esa dl rk gS A rc og n' kZdksa

l s dgrk gS fd og j fLl ; ksa dks cjkcj dh yackbZesa dj nsxk A l w=k/ kj rc l cl s cM+h vkSj l cl s

1817

NksVh jLl h ysrk gS vkSj mUgsa i QksYM djrk gS ( t Sl kfd fp=k esa fn[ kk; k gS) A ; g l qfuf' pr djukgksxk fd TokbaV maxfy; ksa l s <dk gks vkSj n' kZdmUgsa ns[ k u i k; s A n' kZd ns[ ksaxs fd rhu vyxvyx l kbt ksa dh jfLl ; ka , d l eku yackbZ dh gksxbZ A

j gL; %; g ckr l jy xf.kr dh fVªd gS A l w=k/ kj rhujfLl ; ksa dks 1 % 2 % 3 ds vuqi kr esa ysrk gS Aeku ysa fd og 10 l seh- 20 l seh- vkSj 30 l seh-dh yach jfLl ; k¡ ysrk gS A vc og 10 l seh- vkSj30 l seh- dh yach jfLl ; k¡ ysrk gS A vc og 10l seh- yackbZ dh jLl h dk i QksYM dj nks fgLl ksa esa30 l seh- jLl h ds chp Økl djrk gS A fi Qj og30 l seh- dh jLl h ysrk gS vkSj bl s 15&15 l seh-ds nks fgLl ksa esa i QksYM djrk gS Avc og20l seh-dh jLl h dks uhps dh r j i Q dj rk gS A n' kZdns[ ksaxs fd gj jLl h 20 l seh- dh gks t krh gS AD; ksafd TokbaVksa dks maxfy; ksa l s <d fy; k x; k gSAos ns[ kus esa rhu vyx vyx j fLl ; ka yxrh gSa A

j Ll h ds [ ksy

19 ekufl d ' kfDr l s v kx yxkukokafNr l kexzh%1- i ksVSf' k; e i jeSxusV] 2- Xyhl jhu] 3- dkxt ds

VqdM+s] 4- , e-, l - ' khV dk VqdM+k

i z; ksx dk %l w=k/ kj dkxt ds dqN VqdM+s ¶gou dqaM ; kfooj . k ¶i fo=k vfXu LFky¸ t Sl s IysV i j j [ kdj n' kZdksa

dks fn[ kkrk gS A dqN ¶ea=kksa dks cqncqnkus ds cknog ?kh dh dqN cwansa ml i j Mkyrk gS A dqNl e; ckn n' kZd ns[ ksaxs fd ¶gou daqM ml dhekufl d ' kfDr l s t y jgk gS A

j gL; %i ksVSf' k; e i jeSxusV ds fØLVy t ks fd dkxt esaNqi k gS] dh l gk; rk l s ; g gks l drk gSA ?kh dsLFkku i j Xyhl jhu ds dqN cw¡nsa ml i j Mkysa Aj kl k; fud fØ; k l s goudaqM esa v kx y xt krh gSA

ekufl d ' kfDr l s v kx yxkuk

2019

20 v fXut hr ' kj hjokafNr l kexzh%fdjkl u rsy] di M+s l s yi sVs gq; sNM+hdk, d Hkkx

i z; ksx %1- di M+s l s yi sVs gq; s NM+h dks fdjkl u rsy esaMqck, ¡ rFkk vkx l s t yk, ¡ A ' kjhj ds ft l fgLl si j t yrh gqbZ NM+h dh ykS ?kqekuk gS ogk¡ l s oL=kgVk nsa A

2- rajqr gk¡Fk i k¡o i j t yrh gqbZ NM+h dks Åi jrFkk uhps dh vksj pykrs jgs A vxj ' kjhj dsfdl h LFkku i j ykS 0-3 l sds.M l s v f/ d ughaBgjs rks Ropk ugha t ysxh A Ropk ds cky l w[ ksrFkk er dks"k jgus ds dkj.k t y t k, xk A

O; k[ ; k %Ropk dh ueh vkx ds l Ei dZ esa vkrs gh ok"i hÑrgksrh gS ft l l s Ropk dks vf/ d xeZ gksus l s jksdrhgS , oa Ropk dk uqdl ku ugha gksrk A pw¡fd vkxfdl h t xg v f/ d nsj ugha jgus fn; k t krk gSvr% dksbZ Hkh Hkkx , dk, d l w[ k ugha t krk ( l w[ khRopk ds dks"k t ydj u"V gks t krs gSa)

bl i zn' kZu dks djus ds Bhd i woZ i zn' kZd dks v i us ' kjhj ds Hkkxdks i kuh l s Hkxk nsuk pkfg, ; k ugk dj vkuk pkfg, A ' kjhj esa vf/d ueh vkx ds i zHkko dks de dj nsrh gS A

l ko/ kuh %1- ' kjhj ds ft l Hkkx esa vkx dk ykS nkSM+kuk gSuaxk jguk pkfg, ] ogk¡ i j dksbZ Hkh di M+k vkx dhyi V esa t y mBsxk A

2- ' kjhj ds fdl h Hkh Hkkx esa vkx 0-3 l sds.M l sT; knk ugha j[ ksa ugha rks Ropk dh ueh l w[ kdj vkx}kjk {kfrxzLr gks t k; sxh A

21 yksVk Hkj s pkoy dks , d Nwjk }kj k mBkuk

okafNr l kexzh%, d yksVk] pkoy rFkk l Ct h dkVus okyk Nwjki zn' kZu %1- i wjh rjg yksVs esa pkoy Hkjsa rFkk dqN fgykMqyk

nsus l s pkoy Bwal k jgsxk A2- pkoy Hkjs yksVs esa , d Nwjk ?kql kdj yksVs dksckj&ckj Bksdrs jgs rkfd pkoy dki Qh ?kuk cut k, A l kFk gh l kFk dqN fujFkZd ' kCnksa dkmPpkj.k Hkh djsa] , oa ml h chp pkoy dks gkFkksa l snckdj Bksl cuk nsa] ; s fujvFkZd ' kCn n' kZdksa dksdqN , sl k vkHkkl nsaxs fd vki ea=k i <+ jgs gSa A3- t c pkoy Bksl t Sl k cu t k, rks Nwjs dksokdr ds l kFk i snh rd ?kksai nsa ANwjs dks [ khapus i j yksVk mi j mB t k, xk A

O; k[ ; k %pkoy dks nck nck dj ft ruk Bksl cuk; k t k, xk]pkoy ds nkus vkSj Nwjs ds chp ?k"kZ.k cy mrukgh c<+rk t k, xk] t c ?k"kZ.k cy] pkoy Hkjs yksVsds Hkkj l s vf/ d gks t k, xk rc yksVk vkl kuh l smB t k, xk A

22 i fo=k uohl a[ kk* dkfgyuk&MqyukokafNr l kexzh%1- , d uohl a[ kk ( dkSM+h) ] 2- uhacw ds VqdM+s

3- / krq ; k ' kh' ks dh IysVi zn' kZu ( rS; kjh) %1- IysV i j è; ku l s uhacw fupksM+sa] n' kZdksa dks u

fn[ ks A 2- uohl a[ kk dks IysV i j j [ ksa A; g csr j rhc fgyuk&Mqyuk ' kq# dj nsxk A vki

2221

dg l drs gSa fd Hkki bat u dh ' kfDr t Sl s ; gi zHkq dk , d [ ksy gS A

O; k[ ; k %uohl a[ kk dSfY' k; e dkcksZusV l s cuk gS A , fl M l sfeyrs gh bl esa l s dkcZu&MkbvkWDl kbM xSl feyrhgS A fudyh gqbZ dkcZu MkbZ vkWDl kbM l s uhacwfgyrk Mqyrk gS A

23 i hfy ; k j ksx ( t kafMl &gsi kVkbfVl )dk bykt % ea=k l s

okafNr l kexzh%dk¡l s dh Fkkyh ( O; kl -25cm) ] 100gm l j l ksavFkok jsi fl M rsy] 4&5 ?kkl ds i Ùks] 50gm,

i kuh Ai zn' kZu %chekj O; fDr l s ml dh l eL; k ds ckjs esa i wNsa A

mUgsa cSBk; sa rFkk mul s Fkkyh esa rsy Myok; sa] ml esa4&5 ?kkl Mkysa] ml i j i kuh Mkyus dks dgsa Achekj dks gkFk l s Fkkyh dks pykdj i kuh vkSj rsydks feykus dks dgsa A dqN gh nsj esa i kuh vkSj rsyfeydj eykbZ dh rjg cu t k; sxh A

chekj dks [ kkus ds fy, i Qy dk j l ] el kyk rFkk ol k j fgr gjhl Ct h] vkSj LoPNrk v i ukus dks funsZ' k nsa A veweu chekjh ds l q/ kj dhfj i ksVZ feyrh gS A i z; ksx dks rhu fnuksa ds ckn nksgjk; k t k l drk gS Achekj dks i kuh mckydj i hus dks dgsa A

O; k[ ; k %egt fo' okl l s l q/ kj gksrh gS A okLrfod : i esamfpr bykt , oa Hkkst u esa i fjorZu ds dkj .kchekjh Bhd gksrh gS A mckys gq, i kuh esa cht k.kqdk i zos' k ugha gksrk Adkj.k t #j cryk, ¡ A

24 çsrkRek dk [ kwu@nsoh dh gLr j s[ kkokafNr l kexzh%mt yk rFkk eksVk di M+k] gYnh pw.kZ] cq>k gqvk pwuk

; k / ksus dk l kcqu vkSj , d fxykl i kuh A

rS; kj h %1- mt ys di M+s dks gYnh i kuh l s i hyk dj l q[ kkysa A 2- cq>k pwuk i kuh , d fxykl esa rS; kj j [ ksaA

i zn' kZu %1- i zn' kZd n' kZdksa l s fd l h , d dks pqurk gSv kSj n' kZdksa dks crykrk gS fd mDr O; fDr( ft l s pquk x; k gS) i j i zsrkRek ; k nsoh dki zHkko gS A2- ml O; fDr dks t y (pqukt y) l s gkFk / ksus dksdgrk gS A3- ml s fi Qj gynh l s jaxk gqvk di M+s esa gk¡Fki ksNus dks dgk t krk gS A4- gk¡Fk esa yky jax mHkj mBrk gS&n' kZdksa dks ; gcryk; kt k; fd ; g fo' ks"k i zdkj dh gLrjs[ kk gSA

O; k[ ; k %gk¡Fk esa yky jax dk dkj.k gYnh rFkk pwus t ydh i zfr fØ; k gS A / ksus ds l kcqu ds l kFk ml hi zdkj i jUrq dqN gYdk jax yk; k t k l drk gS A

25 i k¡o ds Bksd j }kj k t ehu l s i kuh fudkyukokafNr l kexzh%uyh yxh gqbZ i s' kkc djus dh FkSyh] fo' ks"k i zdkj

dk t wrk ft l dh , M+h esa , d Nsn gks rFkk i kuh A

i zn' kZu %FkSyh esa i kuh Hkjsa A bl s v i us i sV ds l gkjsyVdk, ¡A uyh dks i Sj ds t fj , cnu ds di M+s esafNi kdj t wrs ds Nsn rd ys t k, ¡ A

2423

t ehu i j i k¡o dk , d Bksdj yxk, ¡ ; k t ksj l spysa A l kFk&l kFk i sV ds i kl fNi k; h j [ kh FkSyh dksgkFk l s nck, ¡Ai kuhi k¡o ds uhps l s fudyus yxsxhA

O; k[ ; k %; g , d / ks[ kk gS ft l esa i sV ds i kl Nqi k; s gq,FkSyh l s i kuh dks ckgj fudkyuk gS A

26 foHkwfr }kj k fl j nnZ ; k cq[ kkj dk bykt

okafNr l kexzh%foHkwfr dk pw.kZ] &2 l s 3 xzke ft l s ukfj ; y ds[ kky dks t ykdj i zkIr fd; k x; k gS] fMl fi zut Sl h nok dh nks xksfy; k¡ A

i zn' kZu %fMl fi zu xksfy; ksa dks cqduh cukdj mi jksDr foHkwfrds l kFk feyk, ¡ A vkt Hkh xk¡o ds yksx fo' ks"kt xg l s foHkwfr i zkIr dj cq[ kkj dk mi pkj djrsgSa A chekj O; fDr dks foHkwfr , oa fMl fi zu cqduh[ kkus ds fy, nsa A xksyh esa nnZ fuokjd xq.k nnZvkSj cq[ kkj dks ?kVkdj vkjke nsrk gS A

O; k[ ; k %xksyh ds l kFk foHkwfr feykus i j jax dqN vkd"kZdcurk gS rFkk Lokn l s feyh gqbZ nok dk i rk ughapyrk gS] nok gh ds dkj . k j ksx dk mi pkjgksrk gS A

27 ' kj hj esa uke xksnukokafNr l kexzh%i sQfjd DyksjkbM (Fecl3) rFkk l ksfM; e Fkk; ksl k; usV

(NaSCN) A

rS; kj h %bl i zn' kZu dk vkjaHk djus l s i gys i sQjhd DyksjkbMds t yh; ?kksy }kjk bfPNr uke gkFk vFkok ' kjhjds fdl h Hkkx esa fy[ ks j f[ k, A bl s l q[ kk nsa] peM+sl s uke xk; c gks t k; sxk A

i zn' kZu %1- n' kZdksa dks crk, ¡ fd gkFk vFkok ' kjhj esa dqNHkh ugha fy[ kk gqvk gS A2- l ksfM; e Fkk; ksl k; usV ds t yh; ?kksy ( t ksjaxghu gksrk gS) dks , d VqdM+s di M+s esa l ks[ kdjml ds l kFk gFksyh ; k v ¡xqyh dks f?kl s ft l l sl ksfM; e Fkk; ksl k; usV dk dqN d.k gFksyh ; kv¡xqyh esa vk t k, A3- gFksyh ; k v¡xqyh ds }kjk ' kjhj ds ml LFkkudks jxM+sa t gka dqN fy[ kk x; k gks A4- i gys l s fy[ ks x; s et ewu yky jax fy, gq; sfn[ kkbZ nsaxs A vki bl s nSfod ' kfDr gksus dk nkokdj l drs gSa A

O; k[ ; k %i sQfjd DyksjkbM ?kksy }kjk fy[ ks x; s et ewu vn' ;gSa i jUrq t Sl s gh ; g l ksfM; e Fkk; ksl k; usV dsl Ei dZ esa vkrk gS , d jkl k; fud i zfr fØ; k ds}kjk yky jax dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS A vkSj yky jaxdk et ewu fn[ kkbZ nsrk gS A

l ko/ kuh %l ksfM; e Fkk; ksl k; usV , d t gj gS] vr% i zn' kZu dsrqj r ckn gkFk ; k bLrseky esa yk; s x; s ' kjhjds Hkkx dks i kuh }kjk ckjh&ckjh l s / ksuk t : jhgS A

28 ukfj ; y l s i Qwy fudkyukokafNr l kexzh%ukfj; y] t wgh dh dfy; k¡] dk¡Vh] dhpM+

2625

rS; kj h %ukfj ; y dks ys dj ml dh , d vk¡[ k dks dk¡Vh}kjk Nsn djsa A vc ml esa , d&, d djds t wghdh dfy; k¡ ?kql k, ¡ A Nsn dks dhpM+ l s cUn djnsa A ; g dk; Z t knw fn[ kkus ds , d fnu i gysdjuk gksxk A

i zn' kZu %v i us l gdehZ dks cqyk, ¡] fi Qj ml s og ukfj ; ynsdj t ksj&t ksj l s t ehu i j i Vdus dks dgsa Aukfj ; y VwVus i j f[ kyh gqbZ t wgh i wQy fudysaxhvkSj yksx pfdr jg t k; saxs A

29 HkHkwr l s ' kj hj i j uke xksnukokafNr l kexzh%vdou ds i sM+ dh Vguh rksM+us i j , d nwf/ ; k

fpi fpi k nzo fudyrk gS ( v dou dk j l ) ]i ryh Vguh] HkHkwr A

rS; kj h %vdou ds j l esa Vguh Mqcksdj gkFk i j dksbZ ukefy[ k ysa] vc j l dks l w[ kusa ns uke ugha fn[ ksxk A

i zn' kZu %HkHkwr dks ysdj uke fy[ ks LFkku i j jxM+sa] ukefn[ kus yxsxk A

O; k[ ; k %; g dfj ' ek vdou ds j l l s HkHkwr dh i zfrfØ; kgS A

l ko/ kuh %i zn' kZu ds ckn rqjar gkFk / ks; sa] vdou ds j l dkcqjk i zHkko vk¡[ k , oa Ropk i j i M+ l drk gS A

30 fcuk phj i QkM+ dk v kWi j s' kuokafNr l kexzh%i sQjhd DyksjkbM] l ksfM; e Fkk; ksl k; usV] i Ùkk] vkSi js' ku

ds fy, #bZ] Vscqy A

i zn' kZu %1- fdl h , d l gdehZ dks cqykdj Vscy i j ysVt kus dks dgsa A2- ml ds cnu l s ' kVZ vkfn gVk nsa A3- vkSi js' ku djus ds fy, vki n' kZdksa dh vksjv i uh i hB fd; s j [ ks A4- i sQfjd DyksjkbM ds t yh; ?kksy l s vki js' kudjus okys ' kjhj ds LFkku dks l ki Q djsa A5- l ksfM; e Fkk; ksl k; usV ds t yh; ?kksy dk dqNva' k i Ùks i j ysa vkSj bl s vkSi js' ku djus okysvkSt kj cuk, sa A6- i Ùks }kjk ' kjhj i j [ kwu dh ydhj cu t k; sxhA7- #b esa dqN vkSj l ksfM; e Fkk; ksl k; usV ds ?kksyys ysa rFkk ' kjhj ds Hkkx es yxk, a A8- vaxqfy; ksa dks i sV esa bl i zdkj nck, a t Sl s i zrhrgks v i us dqN ?kksi k gS A9- #bZ esa i gys l s gh Nqi k; s gq, dqN i RFkj dsVqdM+s dks pykdh l s fudkysa rFkk n' kZdksa dks fn[ kk, ¡ A10- nwl jh #bZ dh enn l s vki js' ku fd; s x; sLFkku l s [ kwu i ksN dj l ki Q djsa A11- n' kZdksa dks fn[ kk, sa fd phj i QkM+ okys LFkkuds l kFk l kFk og v kneh Hkh Hkyk paxk gksx; k gS A

31 ?kaVh ckckokafNr l kexzh%, d vkjrh ?kaVh ft l esa t hHk u gks] , d xk; ds

xys esa cka/ us okyh ?kaVh A

rS; kj h %i zn' kZu ds i gys v i us nkfgus da/ s ds l gkjs , dxk; ?kaVh dks dl dj dka[ k esa ck¡/ ysa rkfdfn[ kkbZ u i M+s A

2827

i zn' kZu %t hHk jfgr vkjrh&?kaVh ml h gkFk es ysa bl l s dksbZvkokt ugha fudysxk D; ksafd xk; ?kaVh dl djdka[ k esa fNi k; h c¡/ h gS A nkfgus gkFk T; ksagh i l kjkt k; sxk xk; ?kaVh ct mBsxh i jUrq , sl k i zHkko cuk; sj[ ksa ft l l s i zrhr gks fd vki ds i zkFkZuk djus dsdkj.k fcuk t hHk ds gh ?kaVh ct jgh gS A vcvki nkok dj l drs gSa fd vki dh i zkFkZuk Lohdkjdj yh xbZ A ?kaVh ct kus ds fy, xk; ?kaVh dks<hyk dj nsuk gS rFkk ' kjhj dh xfr l s ?kaVhct rh gS ysfdu n' kZdksa dks yxsxk] vki dh nSfod' kfDr ds dkj . k fcuk t hHk ds gh ?kaVh ctjgh gS A

O; k[ ; k %; g dfj ' ek vki ds gkFk] ck¡g dh xfr l sl acaf/ rgS t gka dka[ k esa fNi k; h ?kaVh ct rh gS A

32 i RFkj fupksM+dj rsy fudkyukokafNr l kexzh%, d cSywu] jcj cSaM] rsy] i RFkj dk VqdM+k] i kuh

p<+kusdsdke esaykus okyh i ryh uyh ( fMªi l sV)rS; kj h %cSywu dks 50 ehyhyhVj rsy l s Hkj nsa] cSywu ds

l kFk uyh dks t ksM+s] cSywu dks nkfgus gkFk ds dka[ kesa fNi k nsa A uyh dks bl i zdkj j [ ks fd uyh dkvafre fl jk dykbZ rd vk t k, ] vkSj ml esa yxhl wbZ dykbZ l s t jk vkxs rd fudys A fgi Qkt r dsfy, jcj cSaM dks uyh ds mi j gkFkksa esa yxk, ], sl k dj rs oDr i wjh ck¡g okyh i qQy ' kVZ i gusrkfd uyh u fn[ kkbZ ns A

i zn' kZu %i RFkj dks ck, ¡ gkFk esa ysdj n' kZdksa dks fn[ kk, ¡]fi Qj i RFkj dks nk, ¡ gkFk esa ysa ( ft l gkFk esa uyh

yxh gks) nksuksa gkFkksa l s i RFkj dks i dM+s rkfd uyhHkh i RFkj ds ncus l s nc t k, A i RFkj dks nckrsgq, ea=k i <+sa A / hjs l s dk¡[ k dks nckus ds i gysuyh dh l wbZ dks gVk nsa] vc dka[ k vkSj cSywu dsncus l s rsy vki dh dykbZ l s fudysxk] nwj l sns[ kus i j yxsxk fd i RFkj nckus l s rsy fudy jgkgS A

O; k[ ; k %; g d fj ' ek fNi k, gq, cSywu , oa uyh i jvk/ kfjr gS A

33 ekufl d ' kfDr }kj k pEep rksM+ukokafNr l kexzh%LVhy dk i ryk pEep ArS; kj h %pEep ds xksy okys fl js ds Bhd uhps t gka l s

ml dh MaVh ' kq# gksrh gS ogk¡ eksM+&eksM+ dj , sl kcuk ys fd t jk l k nckrs gh ogka l s pEep VwVt k, ] ml t xg i j , d nkx cu t k, xk A

i zn' kZu %nkx dks vaxwBs , oa r t Zuh l s Nqi k, ¡ yksxksa dks( n' kZdksa dks) pEep fn[ kk, a] , d l gdehZ dkscqyk, ¡] pEep ds xksy fgLl s ds mHkjs Hkkx dksl gdehZ n' kZdksa l s dgs fd vki bl O; fDr esaekufl d ' kfDr l apkj djsxs] ft l l s , dkxz dj jgsgSa] pEep ds xksy fgLl s dks t jk l k nck ns] vcpEep dks fupys Hkkx dks i dM+s A pEep i gyseqM+rk gqvk ekywe i M+sxk] fi Qj VwV t k, xk A

O; k[ ; k %; g yxHkx VwVs pEep dks rksM+us dk dfj ' kekgS A

3029

34 fepkZb ckckokafNr l kexzh%t Srwu dk rsy (vksfyo vk; y) ] xqjekj dk i Ùkk]

fepZ ArS; kj h %i zn' kZu ds i gys t Srwu ds rsy l s xkxZy (dqYyk)

djs] vkSj fi Qj xqjekj ds i Ùks ( vk; qoSZfnd nokbZ)pck, ¡ A

i zn' kZu %n' kZdksa ds l keus fepZ [ kk, ¡ vki dks rhrki u dkt yu egl ql ugha gksxk A

O; k[ ; k %t c rd Hkkst u ykj esa ugha ?kqy t krk] t hHk }kjkegl wl ugha fd; k t krk A ges Lokn egl wl ughagksrk gS] ykj esa ?kqy t kus ; k t hHk }kjk egl wlfd, t kus ds ckn] efLr"d oLrq dk Lokn crkrkgS] t Srqu dk rsy eqag , oa t hHk ds mi j vkoj.kcuk ysrk gS A ft l l s efLr"d esa Lokn xzkgdrarqvksa dks fuf"Ø; dj Mkyrk gS] i QyLo: i Lokndk fcYdqy i rk ugha pyrk gS A

35 de. My l s HkHkwr fudkyukokafNr l kexzh%[ kkyh MCck ; k de.My] l k/ q dk dqrkZ ; k i wjh

ck¡g okyh ' kVZ (dqrkZ) ] jcj cSx ; k / kxk ArS; kj h %dqN HkHkwr ysdj l k/ q dqrkZ ; k i wjh ck¡g okys dqrkZ

ds vanj Mky ysa] rkfd HkHkwr u fxjs] dqrsZ ds jaxdk / kxk ; k jcj cSaM cka/ nsa A

O; k[ ; k %; g dfj ' ek dqrsZ esa fNi k, HkHkwr dh dyk i jfuHkZj djrk gS A

36 Úse yxk, i QksVks l s rsy dk fxj ukokafNr l kexzh%Úse fd; k i QksVks] cSywu] i kuh p<+kus dh i ryh

IykfLVd dh uyh ( fMªi l sV) ] rsy] Nqjh ; k dki sZV(dkyhu) ] l wbZ] l k/ q dqrkZ A

rS; kj h %cSywu esa 50 ehyhyhVj rsy Hkjks] uyh dk vxzHkkxÚse fd, i QksVks l s t ksM+ ns vkSj uyh dks fNi k nsavc uyh ds vxzHkkx esa l wbZ , sl s yxk, a fd ogfn[ kkbZ u ns A uyh dk nwl jk fl jk cSywu l s t ksM+sft l l s l wbZ gVkrs gh i QksVks i j rsy fxjus yxs] vci QksVks ds i hNs njh yxk nsa rkfd uyh fn[ kkbZ u i M+scSywu dks dk¡[ k esa fNi kdj pkSdh i j i QksVks ysdjcSBsa A

i zn' kZu %fd l h n' kZd dks cqyk, a v kSj n' kZd dh vka[ kcpkdj l qbZ gVk nsa rsy cg fudysxk] t crd l qbZi qu% u yxkbZ t k, A

O; k[ ; k %; g dfj ' ek vki dh rS; kjh i j vk/ kfjr gS A

37 d i M+s l s i kuh dks j ksduk ; k can d j uk

okafNr l kexzh%di M+s dk VqdM+k (30 l sUVhehVj × 30 l sUVhehVj) ]l qjkgh (nks yhVj dk)

i zn' kZu %l qjkgh esa i kuh Hkjs] di M+s ds VqdM+s l s l qjkgh dkeq¡g dl dj can dj ns (cka/ ns) di M+s dks Hkhaxkdj l qjkgh dks myV nsa i kuh ugha fxjsxk A

O; k[ ; k %; g , d HkkSfrd i z; ksx gS] gok dk nkc i kuh dks

3231

ckgj vkus l s jksdrk gS] Hkhxk di M+k gok dks t kusvkus ugha nsrk gok dk nkc ckgj , oa vanj l ekugks t kus ds dkj.k i kuh ugha fxjrk A

38 ukfj ; y esa ' kSrku dk [ kwuokafNr l kexzh%ukfj; y] i ksVkf' k; e i jeSxusV (KMnO4)

rS; kj h %i zn' kZu ds i gys ukfj ; y ds vka[ kksa esa l s , d vka[ ki QksM+dj ml l s l s ukfj ; y i kuh fudkysa fudysAi kuh esa i ksVkf' k; e i j eSaxusV (KMnO4) feyk, a]i kuh yky gks t k, xk] yky i kuh dks ukfj ; y esafi Qj Mky nsa A

i zn' kZu %ea=k i <+] / kfeZd okrkoj.k cuk, a] ukfj ; y dks cqjhi zsrkRek crk, a] i QksM+sa yky i kuh ( [ kwu) fudysxk A

l ko/ kuh %ukfj; y dh rhu vka[ kksa esa , d vka[ k ueZ gksrh gSml s gh i QksM+s A

39 ek¡ y{eh dk HkHkwrokafNr l kexzh%ejD; wfjd DyksjkbM (HgCl2), 10] 20 u; k 5 i Sl s

dk fl Ddk ArS; kj h %i zn' kZu ds i gys gFksyh i j ejD; wfjd DyksjkbM

yxk ysai zn' kZu %n' kZdksa l s vYewuh; e dk 5] 10 ; k 20 i Sl s dk

fl Ddk ekaxs A ejD; wfjd DyksjkbM yxs gkFk esafl Dds dks dqN nsj ysa ml s n' kZd dks nsa ml s gkFkcan djus dks dgs dqN nsj esa fl Ddk xeZ gksxk , oaml l s HkHkwr fudysxk A yksxksa dks crk, a fd eka

y{eh mui j i zl Uu~ gSa A ; g rki {ksi h i zfrfØ; k gS]ft l l s eqVBh can fl Ddk xeZ gks t krk gS A

O; k[ ; k %ejD; wfjd DyksjkbM vyewfu; e l s i zfr fØ; k djvyewfu; e DyksjkbM cukrk gS t ks HkHkwr dh rjgfn[ krk gS gkFk can djds jgus i j gkFk fd xehZ l s; g i zfrfØ; k rst h l s gksus yxrh gS A

l ko/ kuh %ejD; wfjd DyksjkbM t gj gS] i zn' kZu ds ckn vPNhrjg gkFk dks / ks ysa è; ku j [ ks fd vki us t ksfl Ddk fy; k gS og vyewfu; e dk gks 10 i Sl s dsu; s LVhy ds i Sl s l s ; k 50 i Sl s , oa #i ; s dsfl Dds l s ; g i zfrfØ; k ugha gksxh A

40 ek¡ dkyh dk v kf' kokZnokafNr l kexzh%cSaxuh jax dk yacs vkdkj okyk cSxu] l hjhat ]

yky jax dk L; kghrS; kj h %i zn' kZu ds 24 ?kaVs i gys cSaxuh jax dk yacs vkdkj

okyk cSaxu ysa A l hjhat ( l k/ kj.k MkDVjh l hjhat )esa 2 l s 4 l h-l h- rd L; kgh Hkjs] l hjht dks cSaxuesa ?kql kdj (?kksi dj) L; kgh cSxu esa Mky nsa A

i zn' kZu %, d O; fDr dks cqyk, ¡ v kSj dgsa fd nsoh blO; fDr i j i zl Uu gS] vkSj fi Qj cSaxu dkVs] yky jax( [ kwu fudysxk) A

O; k[ ; k %yky L; kgh 24 ?kaVs esa cSaxu esa i SQykdj yky jaxdk [ kwu t Sl k cuk nsrk gS A

l ko/ kuh %cSaxuh jax ds yacs cSaxu gh dks ysa vU; Fkk ; gdfj ' ek ugha l i Qy gksxk A

3433

41 ' kj kc dks i kuh cukukokafNr l kexzh%' kj kc dh cksry] v k; ksfMu] v Ydksgy ] gkbZi ks

( i QksVksxzki Qh ds nqdku l s jcsnkj gkbZi ks ys ysa)

rS; kj h %' kjkc dh cksry esa i kuh ysa ml esa jax ds fy,vankt l s vk; ksfMu feyk, a] i kuh ukjaxh cu t k, xkvc egd ykus ds fy, t jk l k vYdksgy nsa]cksry dh Bsi h d l s A , d j cM+ dk f>Yyhgksrk gS ml esa t jk l k Nsn dj ml esa 5&7 xzkenkusnkjgkbi ks Mkysa vkSj ml s maxyh l s , d vksjdj nsa A

i zn' kZu %yksxksa dks cksry nsa (Bsi h gVkdj) ] yksx jax ns[ kdj, oa xa/ l wa?kdj ' kjkc l e>saxs] vc Bsi h yxkdjea=k i <+us dk ukVd djsa , oa cksry dks i dM+djmYVk dj nsa fi Qj t ksj t ksj l s fgyk, ¡ A cksry esaukjaxh jax dk ' kjkc jaxghu gks t k, xk vkSj i kuhfn[ ksxk A

O; k[ ; k %gkbi ks vkSj vk; ksfMu ; qDr i kuh esa t ks i zfr fØ; kgksrh gS ml l s nzo jaxghu gks t krk gS vFkkZr~ i kuht Sl k ekywe i M+rk gS A

42 Mk; u i dM+ukokafNr l kexzh%vkVk] t qyi qÙkh dk cht ] i kuh] fxyklrS; kj h %i zn' kZu ds i gys rhu vkVs dh xksyh cuk, a , d

vkVs dh xksyh esa t qyi qÙkh dk ch; k (cht ) ?kql knsa A fxykl esa i kuh Hkjsa A

i zn' kZu %n' kZdksa esa l s rhu vknfe; ksa dks pqus rhuksa dk , d

, d xksyh nsa A n' kZdksa l s dgsa fd ft l O; fDr dkch; k i kuh esa rSj t k; ml esa Mk; u dk i zHkko gS Arhuksa O; fDr; ksa dks vkVs dh xksyh i kuh esa Mkyusdks dgs A nks xksyh Mwc t k, xh , oa , d rSjt k, xhA

O; k[ ; k %t qyi qfÙk dk ch; k cgqr gydk gksrk gS ft l esa vkVsdh l rg p<+kus i j Hkh v i us gydsi u ds dkj.ki kuh i j rSj t krk gS A

l ko/ kuh %t qy i qfÙk ds cht ksa i j v f/ d v kVk u p<+k,vU; Fkk Mwc t kus dh l aHkkouk gksrh gS A

43 ea=k ' kfDr l s ; K esa v fXu i zTofyr d j uk

vkt l s yxHkx 15 o"kZ i gys dh ckr gS A , d rkfU=kd us fdl husrk l s dgk fd pquko esa l i Qyrk ; k v l i Qyrk dk jgL; og crkl drk gS A bl ds fy, , d ; K dk vk; kst u fuf' pr fd; k x; kA rkfU=kdus ' krZ j [ kh fd og v i uh eU=k ' kfDr l s ; K esa vfXu t ykus dk i z; Rudjsxk A ; fn gou t y mBk rks ml dh fot ; vo' ; gksxh vU; Fkk ogpquko gkj t k, xk A ; K dk i zcU/ fd; k x; kA eU=kksa dk mPPkkj.k vkjEHkgqvk A yksxksa dk t e?kV gks x; k A rkfU=kd ds gko&Hkkoksa esa mÙkst uk ' kq:gqbZ A fof' k"V eU=kksa ds mPpkj.k ds l kFk l kFk gou l kexzh Mkyh xbZ A' kq¼ ?kh dh vkgqfr; ka nh xb±A eU=kksa dh xfr rst dh xbZ A ns[ krs gh ns[ krsgoudaqM esa vfXu i zTTofyr gks mBh A usrk t h [ kq' k gq, A HkhM+ us rkfU=kddh ' kfDr dk yksgk ekuk A rkfU=kd dks <sj l k i kfjJfed fn; k x; k A dqNfnuksa esa rkfU=kd dh i zfl f¼ ns' k fons' k esa i SQy xbZA fons' kksa l s HkhfueU=k.k vkus yxs A

rkfU=kd us v i us peRdkj ds cy i j yk[ kksa&djksM+ksa dek, A , dckj ; gh rkfU=kd fons' k l s ykSV jgs Fks A gokbZ vM~Ms i j xM+cM+h esa mudk

3635

cSx gkFk l s NwV dj t ehu i j fxj i M+h A t ehu i j fxjrs gh cSx esa vkxyx xbZ A rkfU=kd dks foLi QksVd l kexzh dCt s esa gksus ds v i jk/ esa i dM+fy; k x; k A v i jk/ foKku foHkkx (Forensic Science) foHkkx dsdeZpkfj; ksa }kjk t c rkaf=kd ds l keku dk fujh{k.k fd; k x; k rks ml dhi ksy [ kqy xbZ A rkfU=kd dks rks t sy dh gok [ kkuh i M+h A vkSj t urk dksml dh rkfU=kd ' kfDr dh v l fy; r dk i rk py x; k A

okLrfodrk D; k Fkh \ rkfU=kd ds i kl dksbZ eU=k ' kfDr u Fkh Aog rks jkl k; fud i nkFkks± dh l gk; rk l s vfXu t ykrk Fkk A vki Hkh dfj ,; g i z; ksx i jUrq rkfU=kd u cfu, A

dksbZ feV~Vh ; k phuh feV~Vh dk , d crZu ys A bl dks goudq.Ml e>sa A bl esa dkxt ds dqN NksVs l s VqdM+s Mkysa ; k ydM+h dsi rys&i rys fruds vkfn Mkysa A gou l kexzh esa i gys l s gh ykynokbZ( i ksVkf' k; e i jeSXusV) ds ckjhd fi l s gq, jos feyk dj j [ ksa A l w[ kh goul kexzh dk i z; ksx djsa A ?kh ds LFkku i j Xyhl jhu dk i z; ksx djsa A ns[ kusesa ?kh vkSj Xyhl jhu , d t Sl h rjy yxrh gSA D; ksafd rkfU=kd dh v i uhNfo gksrh gS bl fy, dksbZ budh oLrqvksa dh i M+rky ugha djrk A l kexzhdh vkgqfr; k¡ nsdj eU=k mPpkj.k djsa rFkk ?kh (okLro esa Xyhl jhu) dhvkgqfr Hkh nsa A t Sl s&t Sl s eU=k vkxs c<+sxk goudq.M esa vfXu t y mBsxhA; g jkl k; fud i zfØ; k gS A Xyhl jhu vkSj yky nokbZ fey dj Å"ek i Snkdjrs gSa ft l l s dkxt ] ydM+h vkfn t y mBrs gSa A

ges' kk vPNh DokfyVh ' kq¼ jkl k; fud i nkFkks± i j Hkjksl k djsaAeap i j t kus l s i gys jkl k; fud i nkFkks± dh t kap dj ysa A

44 ukxk l k/ qv ksa dk peRdkjdqEHk esys ds vol j i j ukxk ckck Luku djrs gSa A , d vol j

i j ns[ kk x; k fd ukxk l k/ q v i us dksey vaxksa i j gqd }kjk 35 fd-xzkedk i RFkj yVdk, py jgs Fks A i wNus i j os bl s ; ksx ' kfDr dk peRdkjdgrs gSa A nf{k.k Hkkjrh; efUnjksa esa Hkh i zk; % cPps v i uh Hkqt kvksa i juhacw] l sc vkfn i Qy yVdk, ?kwers jgrs gSa A , d efUnj esa rks J¼kyq

vi us bZ"V nso ds jFk dks Hkh v i uh dej esa gqd cka/ dj [ khaprs gSA Abl i zdkj ds dk; ks± dks ns[ k dj yksxksa eu esa n; k o l gkuqHkwfr i Snk gksrhgS A okLro esa ; s dksbZ peRdkj ugha gSA FkksM+s l s l kgl dh ckr gS] dksbZHkh l k/ kj.k O; fDr bu peRdkjksa dks dj l drk gS A

vki Lo; a ; g peRdkj dj ds ns[ ksa A 8 ua- dh di M+s l hus okyhckjhd l qbZ ysa A bl l s / kxk fi jks, ¡ A v i uh ckt w dh Åi jh Ropk( , fi Mj fel ) dks nks rhu ckj FkksM+k [ khap d j l gyk, ¡ v kSj/ hjs&/ hjs l qbZ dks bl ds i kj fudky ysa A Åi jh Ropk esa jDr ckfgdk, augha gksrh bl fy, t jk Hkh [ kwu ugha fudysxk A bl esa l aosnu rkfU=kdk Hkhugha gksrh bl fy, vki dks fcYdqy Hkh nnZ ugha gksxk A bl / kxs dksvkj i kj fudky dj uhacw vkfn yVdk l drs gSa A Ropk dh ; g i jrykspnkj gksrh gS vkSj yxHkx 500 xzke rd Hkkj dks vkl kuh l s Fkkes jgl drh gS A Hkkj c<+kus l s / kxk VwV l drk gS A [ kpko ds dkj.k FkksM+k l knnZ (ukeek=k) gks l drk gS A ns[ kus okyksa ds fy, ; g peRdkj l s deugha A vki v i us ' kjhj i j dbZ LFkkuksa i j vyx&vyx oLrq, ¡ yVdk dj?kwe l drs gSa A

, d ckj i z; ksx dh xbZ l qqbZ nksckjk i z; ksx u djsa A gks l ds rks l qbZdks mcky dj dhVk.kqjfgr dj ysa A Ropk dh rhu i jrsa gksrh gSaA rhuksai jrsa 80 fd-xzk- rd Hkkj mBk l drh gSa A bl ds fy, fo' ks"k i zdkj ds gq,yxk, t krs gSa A Ropk i j FkksM+k Vpj yxkrs gSa rkfd [ kwu u cgs A FkksM+kl k nnZ vo' ; gksrk gS A dsoy l kgl pkfg, A

45 v fXu&Lukut y Luku] / wi Luku vkfn rks vki us fd, gSa] l qus gSa A ' kk; n

vki us vfXu Luku ugha l quk A dksbZ ckr ugha] vkt ds ckn vfXu LukuHkh djsa A , d yxHkx 12 bap yEch vk/ k bap eksVh ydM+h dk VqdM+k; k o{k dh Vguh ysa A yxHkx rhu i qQV yEch l wrh di M+s dh i V~Vh bl ds, d fl js i j yi sVuk ' kq: djsa A fl js l s 2 bap rd nwjh i j gh , d i V~Vh

3837

yi sVsa vkSj , d l [ r i SM l k cuk ysa A bl i j / kxk yi sVsa A è; ku j [ ksadksbZ / kxk ; k di M+k dgha yVdrk u jgs A

vc dsoy bl i SM okys Hkkx dks feV~Vh ds rsy esa Mqck, ¡ Adeht dh ckt w dks dksguh l s Åi j l jdk, ¡] v i uh ?kM+h [ kksy ysa AydM+h ds VqdM+s dks rsy l s ckgj fudkysa A i Qkyrw rsy fudky nsaA rsybl esa l s Vi duk ugha pkfg, A bl dks fn; kl ykbZ l s t yk, ¡ rFkk t yrh gqbZNM+h dks v i us ckt w ds pkjksa vksj ?kqek, ¡ A l [ rh l s u jxM+s rFkk cgqr èkhjsHkh u pyk, ¡ A vki dh Ropk dks dksbZ gkfu ugha gksxhA vki dks dsoy xehZrks vuqHko gksxh i jaarq Ropk ugha t ysxh A vki dh Ropk ds ckyksa dkdsoy Åi jh Hkkx gh FkksM+k >qyl l drk gS] bl l s vf/ d vki dks dksbZd"V ugha gksxk A vkx dks cq>k nsa A gkFk vkSj ckt w dks l kcqu l s vPNhrjg l ki Q djsa rkfd feV~Vh ds rsy dh xU/ l ekIr gks t k, A

nk<+h ew¡N] fl j ] cxy t Sl h ?kus ckyksa okyh t xg dks NksM+djvki ' kjhj ds fdl h Hkh Hkkx i j ; g Luku ys l drs gSa A gekjh Ropk dkst yus ds fy, yxHkx 80 fMxzh l sUVhxzsM l s vf/ d xeZ ugha gksrh rFkkge yxkrkj bl s , d LFkku l s nwl js LFkku rd fgykrs jgrs gSa A fdl h HkhLFkku i j n' keyo rhu l sd.M l s vf/ d ugha j[ krs A bl fy, gekjhRopk ugha t yrh A ckyksa dk Åi jh Hkkx FkksM+k l k t yus l s dksbZ gkfu ughagS A

46 Hkwr mrkj d j HkLe d juki zk; % gekjs i fjokjksa esa Hkwr i zsrksa dh ckrsa pyrh jgrh gSa A

/ kj.kk, ¡ efLr"d esa ?kj dj t krh gSa A ' kgjksa dh vkcknh dks Hkh MkDVjhmi pkj mi yC/ ugha gSa] nsgkrksa dh ckr r ks NksM+ Hkh nsa Avf/ drj nsgkrksa esa vks>s] l ; kus Hkwr&i zsr fudkyus esa ekfgj l e>s t krsgSaA rst cq[ kkj esa] ekufl d fodkj l s ; k fdl h dkj.k l s dbZ ckj O; fDrvi uk ekufl d l Urqyu [ kks cSBrs gSa A os mYVh l h/ h gjdr djus yxrsgSaA i fjokj ds ckdh l nL; l e>rs gSa fd veqd vkneh dks fdl h

Hkwr&i zsr dh gok yx xbZ gS A u rks os eg¡xs bykt djok l drs gSa] uos euksfoKku l e>rs gSa vkSj u gh mUgsa l qfo/ k, a fey i krh gSa A bl fy,os vks>s] l ; kus] ckckvksa ds i kl t krs gSa A bu yksxksa }kjk nh xbZ O; k[ ; k, ¡rFkk l ykgsa cgqr my>u Hkjh gksrh gSa A os crkrs gSa fd veqd ds fl ji j rqEgkjs veqd i woZt dh Nk; k e¡Mjk jgh gS A vki us fi Nys t Ue esaml dks pí j ugha p<+kbZ A ml dh vkRek HkVd jgh gS] og v i uk gdek¡xrh gS A bl ds fy, bruk bruk p<+kok gksxk vkSj vuq"Bku l Ei Uudjokuk i M+sxk A cspkjk i fjokj dk eqf[ k; k D; k djs\ ml s rks i wjs i fjokjdh fpUrk gS A ; fn dqN u djs rks vfu"V dh l EHkkouk vkSj ; fn dqNdjs rks i wjk i Sl k [ kpZ djukA vkf[ kj og ml >kM+i wQ¡d] bykt djokusdks et cwj gks t krk gS A

og l ; kuk (vks>k) ml O; fDr ds ?kj t krk gS A ml ds ?kj dhfLFkfr dk t k; t k ysrk gS A muds euksfoKku dks l e>rk gS A og , dukfj ; y ykus dks dgrk gS A ukfj ; y dks yky ( l wr ds i fo=k) / kxs cka/rk gS vkSj l kFk&l kFk eU=k Hkh i <+k t krk gS A ft l i j Hkwr&i zsr dh Nk; kgks ml O; fDr dks cqyk; k t krk gS A ukfj ; y dks ml i j ?kqek; k t krk gSAvks>k yky&yky vk¡[ ksa djrk gS A Hkwr dks l e>us vkSj i dM+us dkvfHku; djrk gS A vkSj dgrk gS fd ; g cgqr ' kfDr' kkyh i zsr Fkk t ks eSausbl ukfj ; y esa cUn dj fy; k gS A ; fn vki pkgsa rks eSa bl dks i dM+ djv i us i kl ys t krk gw¡ vkSj ; fn dgks rks bl dks t yk dj ges' kk ges' kk dsfy, l ekIr dj nw¡ A chekj O; fDr cspkjk dqN rks Mj t krk gS vkSj dqNi js' kku gks t krk gS] og l ekIr djus dks dg nsrk gS A l ; kuk (vks>k)xaxkt y ek¡xrk gS A dqN vkSj eU=k i <+dj ml dks ' kq¼ djrk gS A t Sl s ghog xaxkt y ukfj ; y i j fNM+drk gS A ukfj ; y esa l s yi Vsa fudyrh gSaAHkwr t y t krk gS A i fjokj dk eqf[ k; k l q[ k dh l k¡l ysrk gS A vks>kvi uh nf{k.kk ysdj fonk gks t krk gS A

ukfj; y gh D; ksa \ bl ns' k esa ukfj ; y dk cgqr egRo gS A t Uel s ej.k rd O; fDr dks cgqr l s l aLdkjksa ( i <+kbZ] fookg] O; ki kj] l Urku]mn~?kkVu vkfn) esa l s vo' ; gh xqt juk i M+rk gS A fcuk ukfj ; y ds dksbZ

4039

deZdk.M i wjk ugha gksrk A ; fn fdl h VSDl Vkby fey dk mn~?kkVu gks ; kÑf=ke mi xzg dk i z{ksi .k] v i us ns' k esa fcuk ukfj ; y ds ; g l EHko ughaAukfj; y i QksM+us ds vkxs l Ei w.kZ foKku dh mUufr i kuh Hkjrh gS A bl fy,Hkwr&i zsr Hkh ukfj ; y esa gh cUn dj t yk, t k l drs gSa A bl h i zdkjxaxkt y dk Hkh egRo gS A v i us ns' k esa vPNh l s vPNh nokbZ dkbUt sD' ku Hkh mruk dke ugha dj l drk ft ruk xaxkt y dh dqN cw¡nsa A

ukfj; y t yk dSl s \ ; fn vks>k ukfj ; y v i us i kl l s ykrk gSrks bl s rS; kj djds gh ykrk gS] ; fn i fjokj l s eaxokrk gS rks Hkh gkFk dhl i QkbZ l s ckrksa esa yxk dj pqi ds l s NksVk l k (xsgwa ds nkus l eku)l ksfM; e / krq dk VqdM+k bl ds Hkwl s esa Nqi k nsrk gS A t c xaxkt y fNM+dkt krk gS rks vkx yxuk LokHkkfod gS A ; g , d jkl k; fud fØ; k gS A

bl s djus ds fy, ges' kk l w[ kk ukfj ; y gh i z; ksx djsa A ?kuh nk<+hokyk ukfj; y vPNk jgrk gSA l ksfM; e dk cM+k VqdM+k i z; ksx djsaAl ksfM; e dks ueh l s cpk dj gh j[ ksa A ; fn ukfj ; y vi us i kl l s i z; ksxdjuk gks rks i gys gh ml dh FkksM+h l h t Vk gVk dj bl dh vk¡[ kksa esa l sfl j t }kjk dqN yky nokbZ vUnj Mky nsa A ukfj ; y dh rhu vk¡[ k gksrhgSaA , d vk¡[ k ueZ gksrh gSa] ueZ vk¡[ k esa fl j t esa yky jax bUt SDV dj nsaAHkwr t ykus ds ckn ukfj; y dks i QksM+ dj Hkh fn[ kk, aA bl esa l s fudyk ykyi kuh [ kwu dh i qf"V djsxk vkSj ns[ kus okys gSjku jg t k, ¡xsA

47 dk¡p [ kkukt h gka ' kh"kZd i <+ dj vki pkSafd, er A ; fn eSa dgw¡ fd vki

vkSj ge ges' kk dk¡p [ kkrs jgrs gSa rks ' kk; n vki l gt esa fo' okl ughadjsaxs A i jUrq ; g l p gS A dkap vkf[ kj gS D; k \ jkl k; fud nf"V l sdkap] l ksMk] fl fydk vkfn ; kSfxdksa dk feJ.k gh rks gS A bul s cuk , di RFkj t Sl k i nkFkZ gS dk¡p A bl s vki l kSHkkX; ekfu, fd v i us ns' k esat kus&vut kus dk¡p [ kkus dh Vªsux ns nh t krh gS A nky esa] pkoy esa ovU; [ kk| l kexzh esa NksVs NksVs dadM+ i RFkj feyus LokHkkfod gSa t ks gekjsi sV esa t krs jgrs gSa A ; s fdl h Hkh : i esa dkap l s vf/ d fHkUu ugha gSA

yhft , vc vki vkSi pkfjd : i esa dkap [ kkus dh rS; kjhdhft , A , d l ki Q dkap dk Ý; wt cYc ysa A nwf/ ; k i j r okyk rFkk jaxhui z; ksx u djsa A buesa vU; t gjhys jkl k; fud i nkFkZ gksrs gSa A , d #ekyesa yi sV dj cYc dks rksM+sa A i gys , d vPNk i dk gqvk dsyk [ kkb; s Avc 2&3 VqdM+s dkap ds eaqg esa j[ k dj vPNh rjg pckb, A dM+&dM+dh vkokt l qudj l qUnj l axhr dk vkuUn mBk, ¡A nkarksa l s i hl dj dkapdk vPNh rjg pw.kZ vo' ; cuk ysaA dksbZ Hkh dk¡p dk uqdhyk VqdM+ku cps A , d di i kuh ds l kFk bl pw.kZ dks i wjk fuxy t kb, Avko' ; drk gks rks FkksM+k i kuh vkSj Hkh i z; ksx dj l drs gSa A vc , d vkSjdsyk [ kk yhft , A vki dkap [ kk pqds gSa A

ns[ kk vki us] dkap [ kkus ds cgkus vki dks 2 dsys [ kkus dks feysAdk¡p [ kkuk dksbZ peRdkj ugha gSa A dk¡p [ kkus l s i gys vkSj ckn esa geusdsyk [ kk; k gS A bl i zdkj dkap dk i kÅMj nks dsyksa ds chp esa i kpuuyh esa , d l SaMfop cuk, xk A / hjs&/ hjs Hkkst u ds i pus ds l kFk l kFk dkapdk pw.kZ vUnj vkarksa esa l jdrk pyk t k, xkA vUr esa ey ds l kFk vxysfnu ckgj fudy t k, xk] gesa rks i rk gh ugha pysxk fd dkap ds l kFk gqvkD; k A l ko/ kuh dsoy bruh j[ kuh gS fd dk¡p dk vPNh rjg pwjk djfy; k t k, A vki dk¡p [ kkuk l h[ k x, gSa] ugha ! ugha ! dsoy i <+us l s ugha]i gys [ kkdj nsf[ k, vkSj fi Qj vxys peRdkj i j pfy, A

48 ekfpl xk; c d j ukgkFk dh l i QkbZ , d , sl h pkykdh gS fd ns[ kus okys okLrfodrk

dks ns[ k ugha i krs A bl esa ' kjhj ds fofHkUu vaxksa dh gjdrsa ' kkfey gSa AgkFk dh l i QkbZ dh pkykfd; k¡ fcuk mfpr i zf' k{k.k ds djuk dfBu dk; ZgSa A nwl js i zdkj dh pkykfd; k¡ rks ' kk; n i <+ dj Hkh dqN l h[ kh t kl drh gS A i jUrq gkFk dh l i QkbZ ds fy, okLrfod i zn' kZu vko' ; d gSA

ekfpl xk; c djuk vkSj fi Qj i zdV djuk gkFk dh l i QkbZ dk, d , sl k gh vkjfEHkd vH; kl gS A i z; Ru~ dhft , A , d ekfpl dhfMCch gFksyh i j j [ kks A gFksyh i Foh i j yEcor gks A i zFke vkSj pkSFks ua-

4241

dh vaxqyh }kjk ekfpl dks el kys dh l kbM l s Fkkes j[ kks A chp dh nksuksavaxqfy; ksa dks LorU=k j[ kks A gFksyh dks Åi j uhps fgykrs jgsa rFkk v¡xwBsdh l gk; rk l s ekfpl dks v¡xqfy; ksa ds fl js dh vksj l jdk, a A gFksyh dhxfr esa gh j[ ksa A bl xfr ds dkj.k vki }kjk dh xbZ vaxwBs dh gjdrsafn[ kkbZ ugha nsxh A vc vpkud chp dh nksuksa LorU=k vaxqfy; ksa dhl gk; rk l s ekfpl dh gFksyh ds i hNs dh vksj ys t k, ¡ A D; ksafd vki dhgFksyh xfr esa gS bl fy, fdl h dks dqN i rk ugha pyrk vkSj ekfplvki dh gFksyh l s xk; c gks pqdh gS A bl h i zdkj gkFk dks xfr esa j [ krsgq, ekfpl dks i zdV Hkh dj l drs gSa A

vkt rd bfrgkl esa dksbZ Hkh , sl k peRdkjh nso i q#"k i Snk ughagqvk ft l us gkFkksa ; k ' kjhj dh xfr; ksa ds fcuk dksbZ oLrq ' kwU; l s i Snk dhgks ; k dgha xk; c dh gks A ; fn dksbZ , sl k djus dk nkok djrk gks rkspeRdkj djus l s i gys rFkk ckn esa ml dh vPNh rjg ryk' kh ys yht k, ] ml dh v l fy; r l keus vk t k, xh A

49 mcyrs rsy esa v axqyh Mkyuki zkphu ; qx l s v i us dks fl ¼ i q#"k dgykus okys dqN ckck bl

i zdkj ds peRdkj djrs vk, gSa A ; s n' kkZus dk ; Ru djrs gSa fd geHkxoku ds l keus v i uh i jh{kk ns jgs gSa A ; fn geus i ki fd, gksa rks gesavo' ; dksbZ gkfu i gaqpsxh vU; Fkk ge i fo=k O; fDr gSa A bu peRdkjksa esaos vkx [ kkuk] vkx i j pyuk] f=k' kwy t hHk ds i kj djuk] ryokjksa i j [ kM+sgksuk] mcyrs rsy esa gkFk Mkyuk vkfn ds rt qcsZ djrs gSa A gekjs i zkphuxzUFkksa esa Hkh vfXu&i jh{kk t Sl h ?kVukvksa ds mYys[ k vkrs gSa A ; | fi ; sdksbZ peRdkj ugha gS i jUrq fi Qj Hkh budks djus esa ges vR; f/ dl koèkkuh cjruh pkfg, A ; fn vPNh i zdkj i zf' k{k.k u fy; k gks rks dbZckj ; s i z; ksx nq?kZVuk dk dkj.k Hkh cu t krs gSa A

mcyrs rsy esa vaxqyh Mkyus dk peRdkj nks i zdkj l s fd; k t kl drk gS A , d udyh rjhds l s rFkk nwl jk v l yh l s A vki fdl h i rhysesa yxHkx , d fd-xzk- [ kkuk i dkus dk rsy Mky ysa A fcuk crk, bl esa

, d uhacw fupksM+ nsa A uhacw dk j l rsy l s Hkkjh gS rFkk v?kqyu' khy gS]; g uhps ry esa pyk t k, xk A i rhys dks t yrs LVkso i j j [ k nsa A Å"eki gys uhacw ds j l dks fey jgh gS A ; g pM+&pM+ dh vkokt djsxk rFkkdqN cqycqys Åi j dh vksj vk, axsA ns[ kus okyksa dks mcyrs rsy t Sl kn' ; ut j vk, xk] t cfd rsy okLro esa FkksM+k gh xeZ gqvk gS A vkiml esa vkl kuh l s v i uh vaxqyh Mky vkSj fudky l drs gSa A ; g Fkkudyh rjhdk A

nwl jh fof/ eas vki okLro esa i rhys esa rsy xeZ djsa A vaxqyhdks rsy xeZ vo' ; yxsxk i jUrq gkfu ugha gksxh A bl dk dkj.k ; g gS fdi gys ; g B.Mk rsy Å"ek ysxk vkSj Lo; a xeZ gksdj vki dh vaxqyh dksxeZ djsxk A rc rd vki v i uh vaxqyh dks ckgj fudky ysrs gSa A nwl jhckr] vaxqyh ges' kk l h/ h gh j [ kuh pkfg, ] D; ksafd , sl k djus l s xeZ rsyvaxqyh i j dgha Bgj ugha i krk A

50 fd l h O; fDr dks ydM+h dh Hkkafr l [ r cukuk

, d xzUFk esa ft Ø vkrk gS fd veqd nsoi q#"k l k¡i dks NM+h vkSjNM+h dks l k¡i eas cny nsrk Fkk A bl peRdkj l s ml us dbZ o"kks± rdvusd vuq; kf; ; ksa dks i zHkkfor fd; k A okLro esa ; g l kai dh ' kjhfjdjpuk ds dkj.k gksrk gS A l kai ds uke l s gh Mj yxrk gSA bl fy, ; gpeRdkj l kgl dh ekax djrk gS A l i sjs ds i kyrw l kai ds l kFk ; g i z; ksxfd; k t k l drk gS A l kai ds eq¡g vkSj i waN dks nksuksa gkFkksa esa i dM+ks A vaxwBsl s ml ds fl j dks FkksM+k nckvks A i waN dks FkksM+k dl dj bruk [ khapks fd; g l h/ k gks t k, A , d feuV bl h voLFkk esa j[ kks A l [ r gks t k, xk Avc i awN NksM+dj fl j ds cy i dM+s gq, uhps djks] ; g NM+h dh Hkkafrl [ r gh jgsxk A l kai ] NM+h cu x; k gS A nksckjk l kai cukus ds fy, bl dksFkksM+k t ksj l s eksM+ks] fl j l s <hyk NksM+ks vkSj i Q' kZ i j NksM+ nks A 3] 4 feuVds ckn fi Qj ; g jsaxus yx t k, xk A

4443

l Eeksgu t kuus okys O; fDr , d l kekU; euq"; dks l Eeksfgr djl [ r cuk nrs gSa bruk l [ r fd ml ds fl j vkSj i Sj nks vyx&vyxdq£l ; ksa i j j [ k nsrs gSa rFkk chp esa [ kkyh LFkku jgrk gS A ; gka rd fdHkkjh O; fDr dks ml i j [ kM+k Hkh dj fn; k t krk gS vkSj ysVk gqvk O; fDrds i QV~Vs dh Hkkafr l h/ k vkSj l [ r cuk jgrk gS A ; fn ysVs gq, O; fDrdks l Eeksgu uhan l s t xk dj i wNk t k, rks og dqN ugha t kurk fd ml dsl kFk D; k fd; k x; k Fkk A

vki bl peRdkj dks t kxh gqbZ voLFkk esa Hkh dj l drs gSaAyxHkx i k¡p i qQV dh nwjh i j nks fcuk ckt w dh dq£l ; ka vki us l keus l hVdjds j [ kks A , d rhl jh dql hZ buds l kbM esa j[ kks A v i us l kFkh dks rhl jsdql hZ i j ysVus dks dgks A rhuksa dq£l ; ksa i j vkjke l s dksbZ Hkh O; fDr ysVl drk gS A è; ku jgs , d dql hZ i j xa/ ksa ds fl js rFkk nwl jh dql hZ i j dejrFkk rhl jh dql hZ i j , fM+; k¡ fVdh gksuh pkfg, A ysVs gq, O; fDr ds i sVvkSj i Sjksa i j , d rkSfy; k j [ kks rFkk eq¡g i j #eky <dks A / hjs / hjs Fki Fki kdj ml s l [ r gksus ds fy, i zsfjr djksA pqi ds l s chp dh dql hZ f[ kl dkyks rFkk v i us gkFk l s Fkkes gq, dej Fki Fki kvks A pqi ds l s v i us nwl jsl kFkh dks b' kkjk djks fd og / hjs / hjs ml O; fDr ds Åi j [ kM+k gks t k, A[ kM+k gksus okyk O; fDr v i uk l Urqyu cuk, j [ ksa] , d i kao i sV i j j [ ksrFkk nwl jk i kao nksuksa i Sjksa i j ?kqVus l s Åi j j [ ks A vki ysVs gq, O; fDr dhdej l s gkFk gVk ysa rFkk nwj ys t k, ¡ A bl n' ; dks ns[ k dj n' kZd gSjkujg t k, axs A

ysVs gq, O; fDr dks mBus ds fy, nksckjk myVs Øe esa l kjhi zfØ; k nksgjkvks A v i us gkFk l s ml dh dej Fkkeks A rhl jh dql hZ chpesa l jdkvks A Åi j [ kM+s O; fDr dks / hjs l s uhps mrkjks A vc ysVs gq,O; fDr dks dq£l ; ksa l s [ kM+k djks A ; fn vc ml l s i wNk t k, fd ml i jfd r uk Hkkj j [ kk gqv k Fkk r ks og ; gh d gsxk fd eSausvf/ d Hkkj vuqHko gh ugha fd; k A

bl voLFkk esa , d l kekU; O; fDr 250 fd-xzk- rd ot u Fkkesj[ k l drk gS vkSj fxjsxk ugha A vkf[ kj bl dk dkj.k D; k gS \ ysVs gq,

O; fDr ds da/ s vkSj , fM+; k¡ nks dq£l ; ksa ds Åi j j [ kh gSa A ; s nksuksa dq£l ; k¡nks LrEHkksa dk dke djrh gSa A Åi j dk Hkkj O; fDr ds ' kjhj ds l gkjs nksuksdql hZ : i h [ kEcksa i j c¡V dj pyk t krk gS A t Sl s Hkou dh Åi jh eaft yksadk Hkkj uhps dh nhokjksa vkSj [ kEcksa i j gh gksrk gS] Nr i j ugha A bl hi zdkj O; fDr dks vf/ d Hkkj vuqHko ugha gksrk A O; fDr ds eaqg i j #ekybl fy, j [ krs gSa fd og ns[ k u ysA fd ml ds l kFk D; k gks jgk gS A dbZckj gesa nnZ bl fy, gksrk gS fd MkDVj dh bUt sD' ku dh l qbZ gesa fn[ kkbZnsrh gS vkSj nnZ ds i woZ vuqeku l s Mj t krs gSa A ; fn ge v i uk eaqg nwl jhvksj i sQj ysa rks gesa bruk nnZ ugha gksrk A dbZ ckj vH; kl djus ds ckn#eky j [ kus dh Hkh vko' ; drk ugha i M+rh A

51 [ kkyh crZu l s eupkgk i Qy fudkyukeVdhuqek [ kkyh i hry dk crZu n' kZdksa dks fn[ kk; k t krk

gSA bl dks v i us l keus j [ kh est i j j [ kks A ckjh ckjh l s v i usHkDrksa dks i kl cqykb, A ml l s i wfN, fd og dkSu l k i Qy [ kkuk pkgrkgSA è; ku j gs fd i Qy ml ekSl e esa mi yC/ gksA [ kkyhcrZu esa gkFk Mky dj eupkgk i Qy fudky dj v i us HkDr dks nsnhft , A

; g peRdkj djus ds fy, vki dks , d i zf' kf{kr l gk; d dhvko' ; drk i M+sxh A est rhu vksj l s di M+s l s <dh gqbZ gksrh gSA pkSFkhl kbM l s fl ¼ i q#"k i gys l s ml ekSl e ds i Qy bdV~Bk djds j [ krk gSAml dk l gk; d Hkh est ds uhps Nqi k jgrk gS vkSj l ko/ kuh l s <dk jgrkgS A crZu Hkh fo' ks"k cukoV dk gksrk gS A crZu dk ry Hkh yxHkx3-5 O; kl dk vyx gks t kus okyk gksrk gS 1 bl crZu dks est i j j [ krsgh vki ry dks vyx djds crZu ds vUnj gh Nqi k dj j [ k nsrs gSa Auhps l s vki dk l gk; d est i j j [ kk di M+k f[ kl dk ysrk gS A vc estds uhps dk l h/ k l Ei dZ crZu ds vUnj gks t krk gS A [ kkyh gkFk fn[ kkdjfdl h Hkh i Qy dh i jekbZ' k i wfN, A t Sl s gh dksbZ O; fDr fdl h i Qy dh

4645

ekax djs] ml s pqu dj vki dk l gk; d ogh i Qy Åi j crZu esa l jdk nsrkgSA vki i Qy fudky dj pkgus okys O; fDr dks ns nsaA bl i zdkj20&25 O; fDr; ksa dh i Qjekb' ksa i wjh dh t k l drh gSa A fi Qj oki l bl hØe l s crZu vkfn dks est l s gVk ysa A

, d ckj , sl k gqvk fd fl ¼ i q#"k dk è; ku pwdrs gh fdl h usest ds uhps v i us gh fdl h nwl js fe=k dks cSBk fn; k A fl ¼ i q#"k us l kspkfd ml dk v i uk gh l gk; d gS A t c fdl h us dsyk ekaxk rks ml us uhpsl s l sc i dM+k fn; k A fl ¼ i q#"k gSjku fd ; g ekeyk D; k gS \ ml us fi Qjl Urjk i dM+k fn; k A vc rks cspkjs fl ¼ i q#"k ds i l hus NwVus yxs Aml dh / wrZrk i dM+h xbZ A nwjn' kZu ds / kjkokfgd j t uh* esa Hkh dqN bli zdkj dk nw' ; fn[ kyk; k x; k FkkA

52 j k[ k dh Mksj l s v axwBh yVdkukjk[ k dh Mksj rks cukbZ gh ugha t k l drh A gka Mksjdh jk[ k vo' ;

cukbZ t k l drh gS A pkgs t Sl s Hkh gks bl l s vaxwBh rks yVdkuk vo' ; Vs<+h[ khj gS A i jUrq vki Lo; a dhft , ; g peRdkj A

,d et cwr / kxk ysa A bl dks ued ; k fi QVdjh ds l ar Ir ?kksy esaMqcks dj l q[ kk ysa A rhu ckj bl h i zdkj djks A / kxs i j , d i ryh i jrt e t k, xh A vc bl i j ' kksjs ds ?ksky dh , d i jr p<+kvks vkSj l q[ kk yksAvki dk peRdkjh / kxk rS; kj gS A bl ds , d fl js i j vaxwBh cka/ nsa rFkknwl js fl js l s bl s yVdk nsa A vaxwBh okys fl js i j l s bl s ekfpl l s t yknsa A / kxk fpUxkjh i saQdrk gqvk t yrk t k, xk vkSj Åi j rd t y t k, xk Avki dh vaxwBh jk[ k dh Mksj l s yVdrh jgsxh] fxjsxh ugha A

/ kxs ds Åi j ' kksjs dk ?kksy p<+k Fkk bl fy, ; g fpUxkjh NksM+rkgqvk t yrk gS A / kxk Hkh okLro esa t y t krk gS A i jUrq bl i j ued; k fi QVdjh dh et cwr i jr t eh gS] ; g t ys gq, joksa ds : i esa caèkhjgrh gS A ; g 3&4 xzke rd dh vaxwBh dks Fkkes j[ k l drh gS A

53 v kx [ kkukfo' ks"k mRl oksa i j vki us ukuk i zdkj ds O; at uksa dk j l kLoknu

fd; k gqvk gS A vusdksa i zdkj dh feBkb; ka vki us [ kkbZ gSa A cl dsoy , ddl j ckdh gS A v i us IysV esa Mky dj v fXu dk uk' rk ugha fd; k gSAyxrk gS vki Mj x, A i jUrq peRdkj djus ds fy, l kgl rks t qVkuk ghi M+sxk A vkx ds vusdks peRdkjksa esa ' kk; n vkx [ kkuk l cl s vkl ku ol qjf{kr peRdkj gS A

t yus okys di wj ds VqdM+s yks A ; g di M+ksa esa j[ kus okyh di wjdh xksfy; k¡ ugha gSa A gou bR; kfn esa i z; ksx gksus okyk di wj yhft , A di wjdh Hkh dbZ fdLesa gSa A cgqr NksVh NksVh fVfd; ka Hkh NksfM+, A yxHkx 4fe-eh eksVh i jr dk t ek gqvk ; k bl l s vf/ d eksVk di wj i z; ksx djsa Abl ds 2&3 l s-eh- vkdkj ds dqN VqdM+s dkV ysa A , d gFksyh i j , dVqdM+k j[ kks] bl s fn; kl ykbZ l s t ykvks A di wj dkcZfud i nkFkZ gS A xeZgksus i j ; g nzo voLFkk esa ugha vfi rq l h/ s xSl voLFkk esa i fjo£rr gksrkgS A ; g vkx Hkh t Ynh i dM+rk gS A bl dh ygjsa Hkh cM+h cM+h mBrhgSa A ?kcjkb; s ugha A t yrs gq, di wj ds VqdM+ksa dks , d gFksyh l s nwl jhgFksyh i j cnyrs jgsa A t c vki dks yxs fd vki dh gFksyh xeZ gks jghgS rks bl s , dne fcuk f>>d eaqg esa j[ k yks rFkk eaqg rqjUr can djks Adi wj ds VqdM+s dks fuxyuk ugha A bl h i zdkj 3&4 VqdM+s eqag esa yst kvksA vki us vkx dk uk' rk dj fy; k gS A ; fn vki pkgsa rks IysV esa4&5 VqdM+s t yk dj ckjh ckjh pEep l s Hkh [ kk l drs gSa A i jUrq ; gi z; ksx t Ynh djuk i M+sxk vU; Fkk IysV vkSj pEep xeZ gks t k, axs A vki dsgkFk vkSj gksaB t y l drs gSa A ?kuh nk<+h vkSj ewNksa okys O; fDr dks cM+hl ko/ kuh l s ; g i z; ksx djuk pkfg, A

vki , sl k D; ksa dj i krs gSa \ di wj dks t yus ds fy, vkDl ht upkfg, A di wj gFksyh i j j [ kk gqvk Åi j vkSj pkjksa vksj l s gh i gys t yrkgS A t c bl dh vkx uhps dh vksj i gq¡prh gS vki gFksyh cny ysrs gSaA

4847

eaqg esa ykj gksrh gS A di wj dks vUnj ys t krs l e; ge t hHk dks ykjl s xhyk djrs gSa bl fy, ; g t Ynh cq> t krk gS A eaqg can Hkh bl fy,djrs gSa fd vkDl ht u feyuh cUn gks t k, rFkk vUnj dkcZu Mk; vkDl kbMbl dks cq>kus esa l gk; rk djsa A di wj dk NksVk VqdM+k i z; ksx u djsa A , drks ; g gFksyh i j mNkyuk vkl ku ugha gS nwl js ; g t Ynh gh pkjksa vksjl s t y t krk gS A

54 fxj r s gq, uksV dks i dM+ukuksV gekjk gksxk A ; fn vki i dM+ i kus esa l i Qy gks t krs gSa rks

vki okLro esa bl ds vf/ dkjh gksaxs A vki dks ykyp vk x; k uA dksbZckr ugha A t Ynh u djsa A i gys è; ku l s l qu ysa A uksV Hkh dksbZ NksVk l kugha] 20 #- okyk ys jgs gSa A ; fn vki ugha i dM+ i krs gSa rks cnys esavki l s ge dqN ugha ysaxs A gekjs i kl fcuk eqM+k rqM+k , dne djkjk 20#- dk uksV gS A bl dks vaxwBs vkSj i zFke vaxqyh l s yVdk dj i dM+k gqvkgS A vki v i us , d gkFk dh vaxqfy; ksa vkSj vaxwBs dks rS; kj dj yhft , AuksV ds nksuksa vksj i SQYkk yhft , A cM+s è; ku l s nsf[ k, A t Sl s gh esjs gkFkl s uksV NqVs vki , d ne , d gh i z; kl esa bl s i dM+s i k, A uksV uhpsf[ kl d x; k A ' kfeZnk u gks A , d ckj fi Qj dksf' k' k dhft , A vki blckj Hkh l i Qy ugha gq, A vc nwl jksa dks Hkh i z; kl djus nsa A

vki uksV D; ksa ugha i dM+ i krs \ ; g KkusfUnz; ksa ds Hkze dk , dl qUnj i z; ksx gS A ; fn eSa gh uksV NksM+us okyk gw¡ vkSj nwl js gkFk l s eSa ghuksV i dM+uk pkgwa rks eSa i dM+ l drk gw¡ A t c uksV esjs gkFk esa gS rks eSabl dh i woZ l wpuk vki dks ugha nsrk fd uksV dc NwVus okyk gS A vki mll e; ns[ k i krs gSa t c uksV vaxqfy; ksa l s fxjrk gSA ns[ kus dh ; g fØ; kvki ds efLr"d esa jft LVMZ gksrh gS A fi Qj vki dk efLr"d vki ds gkFkdks i dM+us dk vkns' k t kjh djrk gS A ; | fi ; g l kjh i zfØ; k l Sd.M dsgt kjosa Hkkx esa gh gks t krh gS A i jUrq brus l e; esa gh ; g uhps f[ kl dl drk gS A uksV NksM+us okyk uksV dks bl fy, i dM+ i krk gS fd t cefLr"d vki ds , d gkFk dks uksV NksM+us dh i zsj.kk Hkst rk gS] Bhd ml h

l e; nwl js gkFk dks uksV i dM+us dh Hkh i zsj.kk Hkst rk gS vkSj bl i zfØ; kesa dksbZ l e; dk vUrj ugha jgrk A

vf/ drj peRdkjksa dks ge bl h KkusfUnz; Hkze ds dkj.k ughal e> i krs A D; ksafd gesa i rk gh ml l e; pyrk gS t c peRdkj gks pqdkgksrk gS A

55 Hkwfexr l ekf/xehZ ds fnuksa esa ge dqN l kFkh i zfrfnu ' kke dks usg# i kdZ esa

cSBdj xi ' ki dj fy; k djrs gSa A l u~ 1990 t wu dh ckr gS A eSa vdsykVgyrs gq, l kFk okys i kdZ esa i gaqp x; k A ogk¡ , d vt ho l s n' ; us esjkè; ku vkÑ"V fd; k A VsUV l t k gqvk Fkk A / kfeZd dSl sVsa ct jgh Fkh A8&10 J¼kyq cSBs gq, Fks A i kl esa gh , d LFkku i j nhi d t yk; k gqvkFkk A eSa Hkh ogka cSB x; k vkSj LokHkkfod : i esa i wN cSBk fd D; k ekt jkgS A muesa l s , d us crk; k fd t yrs nhi d ds uhps Hkwfe esa gekjs fl ¼xq# egkRek pkj fnu dh l ekf/ esa yhu gS A ; s fgeky; l s dfBu ri L; kdjds ykSVs gSa rFkk v i uh fl f¼ dk i zn' kZu dj jgs gSa A vc rd eSackrphr esa muds l kFk i wjh rjg O; Lr gks pqdk Fkk A ckrksa gh ckrksa esa eSausmUgsa bl l ekf/ ds ckjs esa crkuk ' kq# fd; k A ' kq# esa rks os dqN VkyeVksydjrs jgs A vkSj l e> esa u vkus dk cgkuk cukrs jgs A i jUrq t c eSausl ekf/ dh i wjh oSKkfud i zfØ; k mUgsa l e>k nh rks os fu#Ùkj gks x, AmUgsa yxk t Sl s mudh i ksy [ kqy jgh gks A eSaus bl ?kVuk ds ckjs esa v i usl kfFk; ksa l s vkdj crk; k A vkSj vxys fnu fi Qj ogha t kus dk dk; ZØecuk; k A ysfdu vxys fnu t kdj D; k ns[ krs gSa fd os Vs.V mBk djl ekf/ NksM+ ' kgj l s fudy pqds Fks A

bl Hkwfexr l ekf/ dh oSKkfud O; k[ ; k D; k gS \ gesa t hforjgus ds fy, vkDl ht u pkfg, A ge l kal esa ok; q ysrs gSa ft l l s gekjhvkDl ht u dh vko' ; drk dh i w£r gksrh gS A ge l kal l s xSl ksa dk feJ.kckgj fudkyrs gSa A dqN vkDl ht u dkcZu Mk; vkDl kbM esa cny t krh

5049

gSA , d ?k.Vk t hfor jgus ds fy, gesa yxHkx 5 ?kui qQV ok; q dhvko' ; drk gksrh gS A eku yks ge 10 i qQV yEck 10 i qQV pkSM+k vkSj 10i qQV xgjk x<+k [ kksnrs gSa A bl dk vk; ru gqvk 1000 ?ku i qQV A vFkkZr~bl esa 200 ?k.Vs rd euq"; dks t hfor j [ kus dh vkDl ht u dk jk' ku gSA; fn ge bl ds vUnj cSB t k, a vkSj Åi j l s <¡d fn; k t k, rks bl dsvUnj dh ok; q gesa 200 ?k.Vs rd euq"; dks t hfor j [ kus dh vkDl ht unsrh gS A ; fn ge bl ds vUnj cSB t k, a vkSj Åi j l s <d fn; k t k, rksbl ds vUnj dh ok; q gesa 200 ?k.Vs vFkkZr~ yxHkx 8 fnu rd t hforj [ k l drh gS A ft l O; fDr us ft rus fnu dh l ekf/ yxkuh gksrh gS ogml h ds vuql kj [ kkl vkdkj dk x<+k [ kksnrk gS A t gka rd Hkkst u vH; kldh ckr gS A bl i zdkj dh l ekf/ esa cSBus okys O; fDr i zk; % 3&4 fnudh gh l ekf/ yxkrs gSa A vkSj 3&4 fnu dk ozr j [ kus dk vH; kl mUgksausfd; k gksrk gS A 3&4 fnu Hkkst u u djus l s dksbZ O; fDr ej ugha t krkArFkk t c ge ' kkjhfjd dk; Z ugha dj jgs gksrs rks gesa Hkkst u dh Hkhvko' ; drk de gh i M+rh gS A l ekf/ esa cSBus l s i gys O; fDr dks , uhekys ysuk pkfg, rkfd ey R; kx dh l EHkkouk l s cpk t k l ds A ; fn fi QjHkh ey R; kx djuk gks rks vUnj NksVk l k x<k [ kksndj ml i j feV~Vh <dnsuh pkfg, rkfd nqx±/ l s cpk t k l ds A dsoy dqN gh ?k.Vs dh l ekf/yxkuk rks cgqr gh vkl ku dk; Z gS A , sl k djus okys O; fDr i gys i Fohi j Åi j ysV t krs gSa] v i uh ukM+h , d {k.k dks cUn dj ysrs gSa (ukM+hcUn djuk Hkh , d pkykdh gS] i gys fl [ kkbZ xbZ gS) vkSj v i uk ' kjhjl [ r djrs gSa A / hjs&/ hjs mudk ' kjhj x<+s esa ysVk jgrk gS A t c fudkykt krk gS rks bl h voLFkk esa Åi j vkrk gS A

i z' u mBrk gS] ; fn Hkwfexr l ekf/ gh yxkuh gS rks bruk cM+kxM~<k D; ksa \ oSKkfud l R; rks ; g gS fd dksbZ Hkh O; fDr 30 feuV rdvi uh ' okl fØ; k jksd ugha l drk A

5251

oSKkfud psruk D;k gS !gekjh leL;kvksa dk ,dek= gy

µ , eú t hú dsú esuu

Øfed fodkl dh i zfØ; k esa euq"; us pkj csgn egRoi w.kZ; ksX; rkvksa dks fodfl r fd; k%vkSt kjksa dk fuekz.k vkSj oLrqvksa dkl kekU; dq' ky i fjpkyu] cksyh vkSj i fj"Ñr ' kCndks"k dk fodkl ]l kekft d fodkl dh {kerk ft l us i fjokj ; k dqVqEc esa l g; ksx dhHkkouk dks l EHko cuk; k] vkSj l cl s egRoi w.kZ rdZ djus dh ; ksX; rkA osegÙoi w.kZ dkjd gSa t ks euq"; dks nwl js mPprj t kuojksa l s vyx djrsgSaA euq"; dh rdZ djus dh {kerk dk l zksr ekuo efLr"d ds Øfedfodkl esa gS] vkSj dbZ ; qxksa ds mi jkUr] euq"; us bl dk l kFkZd bLrsekyi Foh i j l cl s i zeq[ k vkSj rkdroj i zt kfr cuus esa fd; k gSA

yxHkx nl gt kj l ky i gys euq"; us fu; fU=kr rkSj i j ] Hkkst u dsfy; s mi ; qDr i sM+&i kS/ ksa dh i zt kfr; ksa dh i Ql y mxkus dh {kerk dkfodkl fd; kA ; g Ñf"k dh ' kq#vkr FkhA bl us ekuo t kfr dks i zkÑfrdHkkst u dh ryk' k esa HkVdus okys ?kqeUrqvksa t Sl s t hou l s eqfDr fnyk; hAi fj .kkeLo: i ekuo cfLr; ksa dk fuekZ.k gqvk] muds chp l gdkjh l EcUèket cwr gq, vkSj vHkko l s l qj{kk dh Hkkouk i Snk gqbZA bl us euq"; dksl kspus vkSj rdZ djus ds fy; s T; knk l e; mi yC/ djk; kA v i usvkl &i kl dh vkSj ml ds vuqHko esa vk; h vU; i zkÑfrd ?kVukvksa dsckjs esa v i uh ft Kkl k dks l arq"V djus ds fy, ml s T; knk l e; feyusyxkA bl i zdkj Hkkjh ek=kk esa mi yC/ t kudkjh dk ml us i z; ksx fl ¼rjhds l s fo' ys"k.k fd; k vkSj bl dk bLrseky fofHkUu O; ogkfjd xfrfofèk; ksaesa fd; k ft uesa og O; Lr FkkµÑf"k] cqukbZ] feV~Vh ds crZu cukuk] i nkFkZdks l EHkkydj j [ kuk vkSj ml s u; k vkdkj nsuk] bR; kfnA bl i zdkj ml us

t hou t hus ds rjhds fodfl r fd; s t ks vkt mi ; ksx fd; s t kus okysrjhdksa l s T; knk fHkUu ugha gSaAfoKku dh mRi fÙk

gkykafd voyksduksa vkSj fo' ys"k.kksa dk cM+k fgLl k ml dh nSfudvko' ; drkvksa vkSj mudh i wfrZ l s gh l EcfU/ r Fkk] ysfdu bl dsl kFk&l kFk l ekUrj : i l s] ekuoh; vko' ; drkvksa l s brj i zÑfr dscqfu; knh i gyqvksa ds i zfr l ksp&fopkj ds : i esa ml ds nk' kZfud pfj=k dkHkh mn; gqvkA ; g cqfu; knh dk; Z i zkjEHk esa rRoehekal k vkSj n' kZu dsvykok xf.kr vkSj [ kxksyfoKku ds {ks=k eas Hkh FkkA ckn esa og HkkSfrdfoKku vkSj j l k; u foKku ds {ks=k esa Hkh i zos' k dj x; kA euq"; dh l ghrdZ djus dh {kerk] l kspus vkSj v i uh ft Kkl k ' kkar djus ds fy; svodk' k dk gksuk rFkk l eqnk; ds chp l gdkjh l EcU/ ksa ds dkj.k gksusokys l kFkZd l aokn vkSj vUrfØ; k&foKku dh mRi fÙk bUgha dkjdksa dsfodkl dk i fj .kke FkhA

l e; ds i zR; sd i M+ko i j oSKkfud l e> dh , d l hek jgh gSAekuoh; l ksp vkSj i z; ksxksa ds cgqr l s i gyw oSKkfud O; k[ ; k l s ckgj ghjgs gSaA mUgsa , d vyx nf"Vdks.k l s ns[ kk x; k t ks vUrKkZu vkSj xgjhnk' kZfud l ksp i j vk/ kfjr Fkk vkSj ml dh vfHkO; fDr euq"; dh egkul t ukRed {kerk l s t Uesa l axhr] l kfgR; vkSj vU; dykvksa ds : i esagqbZA fuf' pr : i l s] l ekt esa dbZ yksxksa us] ml l e; dh oSKkfudl e> ds ckgj bu i z' uksa dks feFkdksa] va/ fo' okl ksa] peRdkjksas vkSj dbZvU; i zdkj ds : f<+oknh rjhdksa l s gy djus dk Hkh i z; kl fd; kA l ektesa peRdkj djus okys] t knw&Vksuk djus okys] i qt kjh vkSj ek; koh i zdV gq,D; ksafd os v i us dkedkt ds rjhdksa l s rkdr vkSj l kal kfjd l qfo/ k; sagkfl y dj l drs FksA i zÑfr dh rkdrksa ds o' khHkwr gksus dh gkyr esa], dne vUt kuh i fj fLFkfr; ksa ds l keus vkSj xgu nq[ k ds {k.kksa esa vkerkSji j ; g l EHko ugha gksrk Fkk fd euq"; l gh rdZ dj l dsaA

5453

ekuo fodkl ds ' kq#vkrh pj.kksa esa jgL; e; vad fo| k] feV~Vh ds}kjk ' kdqu fopkj] dhfe; kxjh vkSj , sl s gh dbZ vU; Nn~e foKku FksAbuesa l s dbZ esa voyksdu vkSj i z; ksxksa dh vko' ; drk Fkh] ft l l s dqNl e; i ' pkr l kFkZd foKku dk mn; gqvkA bl i zdkj j l k; u foKkufdfe; kfxjh dh dks[ k l s mRi Uu gqvkA

l ekt ges' kk gh rhu rjg ds yksxksa l s feyt qydj cuk gSµ, d ost ks i zÑfr ds ckjs esa c<+rh oSKkfud l e> ds }kjk ; k okLrfod l e> dsfcuk gh i z; ksxfl f¼ rjhdksa ds }kjk ekuoh; vko' ; drkvksa vkSj egÙokdka{kkvksadh i wfrZ ds fy; s dk; Z djrs gSaA nwl js os t ks oSKkfud rkfdZd Kku dsckgj <sj l kjh pht ksa dh xgjh nk' kZfud foospuk esa my>s jgrs gSa] vkSjvarr% os t ks : f<+oknh rjhdksa esa fnypLi h j [ krs gSaA ysfdu bfrgkl dsvyx&vyx dky[ k.Mksa vkSj l ekt dh fofHkUu voLFkkvksa esa bu rhuksadk vuqi kr cnyrk jgk gSA ; g dgk t k l drk gS fd njv l y] gjeuq"; esa vUrKkZu rFkk nk' kZfud vkSj i zHkkooknh fopkj i j vk/ kfjrrdZi w.kZ oLrqfu"B l ksp vkSj vrkfdZd : f<+oknh l ksp feyh&t qyh jgrh gSa]i jUrq bl feJ.k dk Lo: i vyx&vyx l ekt ksa] O; fDr; ksa vkSj mudh' kS{kf.kd i "BHkwfe bR; kfn ds fgl kc l s vkSj l e; ds l kFk cnyrk jgrk gSA

foKku dh i zxfrphu] Hkkjr] esl ksi ksVkfe; k vkSj feJ dh i zkphu l H; rkvksa esa euq";

dk fodkl egku [ kkst ksa vkSj l gh rdZ ds bLrseky ds vk/ kj i j gqvkAckn esa ; g i zxfr xzhl ] jkse] nf{k.kh vejhdk ds mÙkjh bykdksa vkSjdsUæh; vejhdk esa fn[ kk; h nsrh gSA ; | fi bu l Hkh bykdksa esa gqvkfodkl vk' p; Zt ud Fkk i jUrq ; g LFkk; h ugha FkkA ckSf¼d jpukRed dkfodkl vLFkk; h Fkk vkSj , d ' kh"kZ&fcUnq i j i gq¡pus ds ckn] ml dki kjEi fjd i kafMR; n' kZu esa i jkHko gks x; kA vk/ qfud foKku dhpeRdkjh i zxfr] t Sl h fd vkt ge ns[ krsa gSa] vkSj t ks dbZ l kS l kyksa l sdk; e gS] yxHkx 1400 bZLoh esa ; wjksi esa gqbZA ?kVukvksa ds , d vuqØe

5655

us foKku dh i zxfr dks l fØ; vkSj l axfBr fd; kA eq[ ; : i l s] ogk¡, d , sl s ckSf¼d pfj=k dk mn; gqvk ft l dh fo' ks"krk ml dh og l e>Fkh fd Kku dks i zkphu rkSj&rjhdksa vkSj muds i z.ksÙkkvksa i j fuHkZj jgdjugha cfYd i zÑfr dk vè; ; u djds vkSj ml i j dk; Zokgh djds ghc<+k; k t k l drk gSA xkSre cq¼ ds fuEufyf[ kr dFku i j è; ku nsukfnypLi gksxkµ

¶fdl h Hkh pht i j fo' okl er djksfl i ZQ bl fy; s D; ksafd og rqEgsa crk; h x; h gS; k bl fy; s fd og i kjEi fjd gS; k bl fy; s D; ksafd rqeus ml dh dYi uk dh gSAvi us vè; ki d dh ckr i j fo' okl er djksfl i ZQ ml dk l Eeku djus ds fy; si jUrq l E; d fujh{k.k vkSj fo' ys"k.k ds i ' pkrl Hkh ds fgr ykHkvkSj dY; k.k ds fy; srqEgsa t ks vPNk yxsml er i j fo' okl djks] ml i j cus jgksvkSj ml s gh v i uk ekxZn' kZd ekuksfi Nys i k¡p l kS l kyksa esa ekuo fodkl ds fy; s vR; Ur egÙoi w.kZ

nks cM+h ?kVuk, ¡ gqbZ gSaA i gyk] oSKkfud Økafr ft l us foKku dks v i usorZeku Rofjr fodkl dh vksj] , d ckSf¼d dkS' ky dh i zkfIr dh vksjvxzl j fd; k vkSj ft l us ml s u; h vkS| ksfxd l H; rk dk vfuok; Z vaxcuk fn; kA ml ds i ' pkr~ vkS| ksfxd Økafr gqbZ ft l ds i fj .kkeLo: imRi knu ds l k/ uksa esa t cnZLr fodkl gqvkA gky dh l fn; ksa esa] Ñf"kvkSj m| ksx l s l EcfU/ r oSKkfud vkSj rduhdh i gyqvksa esa l gt hohl EcU/ ksa dk fodkl gqvk gS vkSj vkt ge foKku vkSj rduhd dk' kfDr' kkyh fodkl ns[ krs gSaA bl us xgu vkfFkZd l kekft d i fjorZuksa dkekxZ i z' kLr dj fn; k gSA

Hkkj r esa foKku dk fodklge Lo; a l s i wN l drs gSaµHkkjr esa bl fodkl dk Lo: i D; k gS\

l oZi zFke ; g l e>uk gksxk fd Hkkjr esa jpukRed dk; ks± dh , d yEchvkSj xkSjo' kkyh i jEi jk jgh gSµfl a/ q ?kkVh dh l qfu; ksft r l H; rk] egkuoSKkfud [ kkst sa] t Sl sµn' keyo vk/ kfjr LFkkuh; eku i z.kkyh rFkk cht xf.kr]T; kfefr vkSj [ kxksy foKku ds {ks=k esa gq, vU; egÙoi w.kZ dk; Z] j l k; ufoKku esa vkl ou dh [ kkst ] LokLF; dh l esfdr i z.kkyh vkSj chekfj ; ksads bykt ds fy; s vk; qosZn] / krqdeZ dh egku i jEi jk; sa] fl foy baft fufjaxvkSj okLrqdyk dk l keF; Z ft l dks ns' k ds HkO; i zkphu Lekjdksa vkSjl M+d&O; oLFkkvksa esa fo' ks"krkSj i j ns[ kk t k l drk gSA ; s l Hkh i zkphuHkkjrh; l ekt esa oSKkfud l e>] oSKkfud Kku] oSKkfud i ¼fr vkSjl kSUn; Zcks/ dh fo' ks"krkvksa dks fpf=kr djrs gSaA

bl h i zdkj] v t Urk dh okLrfod fp=kdkjh vkSj , syksjk dh ewfrZ; k¡]mÙkj dh l w{e fp=kdkjh] dukVZd vkSj fgUnqLrkuh l axhr dh i jEi jk]HkjrukV~; e vkSj dRFkd ds i zfrf"Br uR; : i ] egku yksd dyk; sa]l kfgR; esa egkdkO; ] egku nk' kZfud jpuk, ¡µ; s l Hkh Hkkjrh; jpukRedi z; kl ksa dh fofo/ rk vkSj O; ki drk dks fpf=kr djrs gSaA ; s xfrfof/ ; k¡yxHkx i k¡p gt kj l ky i gys ' kq: gksdj dbZ l fn; ksa rd pyhA egkul i Qyrkvksa ds ; qxksa ds ckn va/ dkj ds nkSj Hkh vk; sA

i jUrq fi Nys 300 l kyksa] esa vUrj jk"Vªh; l a?k"kZ vkSj mi fuos' khi zHkqRo ds nkSj esa] l dkjkRed vkSj u; h [ kkst ksa dh deh ds pyrs vkevoufr dk nkSj jgkA Hkkjrh; n' kZu dh egku ckSf¼d i jEi jk ; k oSKkfudrkfdZdrk t ks i gys ns[ kh x; h Fkh] bl i fj n' ; esa dgha ugha Fkh] ft l dsi fj .kkeLo: i / ekZU/ rk] dV~Vj l adh.kZ fnekxksa vkSj : f<+oknh rjhdksa usjpukRed xfrfof/ ; ksa dh t xg ys yhA bl ot g l s] t c i f' pe esaoSKkfud vkSj vkS| ksfxd Økafr gqbZ] rks Hkkjr budk i Qk; nk ugha mBk l dkA

5857

oSKkfud xfr fof/ ; ksa esa i qut kZxj . ki jUrq fi Nys l kS l kyksa esa Lora=krk l a?k"kZ ds nkSjku , d ckSf¼d

gypy i Snk gqbZ ft l us l Ei w.kZ Hkkjrh; l ekt dks >d>ksj fn; k vkSjml ds vuq: i Hkkjrh; oSKkfud xfrfof/ ; ksa esa i qut kZxj.k gqvk] ft uesat sú l hú cksl ] i hú l hú js] l hú ohú jeu] , eú , uú l kgk] , l ú , uúcksl ] , eú fo' osl jS; k] , l ú jkekuqt u bR; kfn egki q#"kksa ds okLrfoddk; Z mYys[ kuh; gSaA foKku ds {ks=k ds ckgj] dqN cqyUn ' k[ l h; rsa i SnkgqbZ] t Sl s jkt k jkeeksgu jk; ] Lokeh foosdkuUn] johUæukFk VSxksj] v jfoUn?kks"k vkSj fi Qj egkRek xk¡/ h vkSj Lora=krk l axzke esa Hkkx ysus okys dbZegku usrkA (bu l cdk ft Ø i qut kZxj.k ds O; ki d i Qyd dks fn[ kkus dsfy; s fd; k x; k gSA)

foKku vkSj l ekt ds chp esa l EcU/ ksa dks l cl s Li "V rkSj i jl e>us okys Hkkjrh; usrkvksa esa t okgj yky usg: i zeq[ k FksA mUgksausfVIi .kh dh Fkh fd ¶foKku ek=k i j [ kufy; ksa i j ut j xM+kus] bl ; k mloLrq dks feykus vkSj cM+h&NksVh pht ksa ds mRi knu rd gh l hfer ugha gSAfoKku varr% efLr"d vkSj l Ei w.kZ t hou dks oSKkfud rkSj rjhdksa dsvuql kj i zf' kf{kr djus dk , d rjhdk gSA t okgj yky usg: dk dgukFkk fd l ekt ds gj rcds esa ¶oSKkfud euksofÙk dk fodkl djus dsfy, fujUrj t kjh jgus okys , d O; ki d dk; ZØe dh t : jr gSA

foKku i zxfr i zLrko 1958Hkkjrh; l jdkj us 4 ekpZ 1958 dks uhfr i zLrko Lohdkj fd; k

vkSj eq[ ; : i l s ; g t okgj yky usg: dh ot g l s rS; kj gqvk FkkAbl esa , sl s dbZ okD; gSa t ks dbZ ekSfyd fl ¼kUrksa dks n<+rki woZd i zLrqrdjrs gSaA fo' ks"k rkSj i j bl esa dgk x; k gS ¶fl i ZQ oSKkfud i ¼fr vkSjrkSj&rjhdksa ds }kjk rFkk oSKkfud Kku ds t fj ; s gh rkfdZd l kexzh]l kaLÑfrd l qfo/ kvksa vkSj l sokvksa dks l eqnk; ds i zR; sd l nL; ds fy,mi yC/ djk; k t k l drk gS---- vkSj] ¶foKku us ekuo fodkl vkSj

l aLÑfr ds i zl kj dks bl gn rd c<+k; k ft ruk i gys dHkh l EHko ughaFkk---- A bl us fpUru ds u; s vkSt kj mi yC/ djk; s vkSj euq"; dsekufl d f{kfrt dks foLr r fd; kA bl rjg bl us t hou ds ewyHkwrewY; ksa dks i zHkkfor fd; k vkSj l H; rk dks u; h t hou ' kfDr vkSjxfr' khyrk i znku dhA

foKku uhfr i zLrko us ogh dgk ft l s t okgj yky usg: us i gpkukFkk fd foKku fl i ZQ i s' ksoj oSKkfudksa ; k ckSf¼d vfHkt kr oxZ ds fy; s ghugha gS] cfYd bl dk l jksdkj l Ei w.kZ l ekt l s gS vkSj bl esa l Hkh ' kkfeygSA eq>s bl rdZ dh vkSj foLr r O; k[ ; k djus nsaA foKku dks vDl jKku ds , d fo' kky l axzg ds rkSj i j t kuk t krk gS] ; k fi Qj mu t fVy; a=kksa vkSj mi dj.kksa ds : i esa t ks fo' ks"k ; ksX; rk dh ek¡x djrs gSaA ft lr jg vkt ge bUgsa bLrseky djrs gSa] bl esa dksbZ ' kd ugha gS fd ; s foKkudk , d egÙoi w.kZ fgLl k gSaA i jUrq eq[ ; : i l s] foKku vUos"k.k dhHkkouk dks O; Dr djrk gS vkSj ; g l gh rdZ djus dh i zfØ; k i jvkèkkfjr gSA l cl s egÙoi w.kZ gS oSKkfud i ¼fr ft l esa ' kkfey gSaµvoyksdudjuk] ; Fkkl EHko l w{erk l s i Sekb' k djuk] voyksdu vkSj i Sekb' k dkfo' ys"k.k] , d vo/ kj.kk ; k fl ¼kUr dk fuekZ.k t ks i Sekb' k i j fi QV cSbl ds] fi Qj ml dk l ekU; hdj.k ft l ds i fj .kkeLo: i vU; i fj?kVukvksadh Hkfo"; ok.kh dh t k l ds vkSj bl ds fy; s rFkk vo/ kj .kk ; ki fjdYi uk dh i j [ k ds fy; s i z; ksx vkSj x.kuk; sa] , sl h Lo&l axr i fjdYi ukvksavkSj i z; ksxksa dk fuekZ.k t ks v i us vki esa Bhd gksa] bR; kfnA

; gk¡ fdl h ds i zkf/ dkj dh Lohdk; Zrk ugha gSA varr% ogh Lohdkjfd; k t krk gS ft l s rF; ksa dks i zekf.kr djus dks bPNqd fdl h O; fDr }kjkLora=k : i l s i zekf.kr fd; k t k l dsA oSKkfud rjhdksa dks fl i ZQ mul adh.kZ i fj f/ ; ksa esa gh bLrseky ugha fd; k t k l drk ft Ugsa ge foKku dsrkSj i j i fjHkkf"kr djrs gSaA oSKkfud rjhds l kekU; i z; kst u ds fy; smi ; ksxh gSaA bl rkfdZd] oLrqfu"B vkSj ft Kkl q i zofÙk dk i zl kj t okgjyky usg: gekjs l ekt esa ns[ kuk pkgrs Fks vkSj mUgksaus bl csgn l VhdrkSj i j oSKkfud euksofÙk ds rkSj i j m¼r fd; k FkkA

6059

oSKkfud euksofÙk dk i zl kjoSKkfud euksofÙk ds fodkl esa ' kkfey gSaµ, d l keUt L; i w.kZ

oSKkfud l eqnk; dk fodkl t ks u fl i ZQ vi us i s' ksoj dk; Z esa foKku dhrduhd vkSj mi dj.kksa ds dq' kyrki woZd bLrseky ds i zfr l jksdkj j [ krkgks] cfYd t k¡p&i M+rky vkSj fo' ys"k.k ds mu rdZl axr vkSj oLrqfu"Brjhdksa ds i zfr Hkh xgu : i l s i zfrc¼ gks t ks foKku dh [ kkfl ; r jgsgSaA bl ckr dks l qfu' fpr djuk fd oSKkfud rjhds vkSj O; ki d vFkks±esa rkfdZd <ax l s l kspus dh i zfØ; k jk"Vªh; dk; ks± ds l Hkh i gyqvksa i jfu.kZ; ysus esa bLrseky gks] [ kkl rkSj l s bl rjg fd og l cdks fn[ kk; hns] vkSj foKku ds rjhds vkSj Hkkouk l Ei w.kZ l ekt ds eu esa ?kj djt k; sA ; g l c dSl s l EHko fd; k t k l drk gS\ esjh jk; esa bl ds fy,l cl s egÙoi w.kZ rÙo f' k{kk gSA vko' ; drk gS fd f' k{kk O; oLFkk dk , du; k <k¡pk cuk; k t k; sA orZeku i ¼fr esa Kku dk , d i gkM+ fo| kfFkZ; ksadh Nkrh i j j [ k fn; k t krk gS ft l s jVus vkSj ; kn djus ds ckn dqNekSdksa i j mUgsa mxy nsuk gksrk gSA bl dh t xg gesa v i uh f' k{kk O; oLFkkdks v i us vkl i kl ds okrkoj.k l s t ksM+uk pkfg, A ge l Hkh dks cPpksal s t qMs+ gksus dk l kSHkkX; i zkIr gSA mudh nqfu; k dks t kuus vkSj l e>usdh ges' kk vr Ir jgus okyh bPNkvksa] ?kVukvksa vkSj pht ksa ds chp i jLi jl EcU/ ksa dks t kuus dh bPNkvksa vkSj muds }kjk vDl j i wNs t kus okys , sl si z' uksa dks t ks v l qfo/ kt ud gSa vkSj ft uds t ckc nsuk dfBu gS] ge l HkhuksfVl djrs gSaA orZeku f' k{kk ft Kkl k vkSj t k¡p&i M+rky dh bl Hkkoukdks i zksRl kfgr djus ds ct kk; ml s [ kRe dj nsrh gSA eSa ; gk¡ t ksj nsdjdguk pkgw¡xk fd og l Hkh dqN t ks ge l kekU; r% cPpksa dks i <+kuk pkgrsgSa] t Sl sµuke] Hkk"kk] xf.kr] foKku] uSfrd ewY; ] bfrgkl ds cqfu; knhy{k.k] Hkwxksy bR; kfn] ml vuqHko ds }kjk fl [ kk; k t k l drk gS t ks mUgsavi us fudV vkl &i M+ksl esa gkfl y gS vkSj ; g muds fy; s csgn fnypLivkSj mRl kgt ud gksxk] gksuk gh pkfg, A

bl ds vykok] ; g egRoi w.kZ gS fd cPpksa dks ml h Hkk"kk esa fl [ kk; kt k; s ft l l s os ewy : i l s i fj fpr gSa] vxj mUgsa ml Hkk"kk esa i <+k; k t krkgS ft l l s os Lo; a gh v i fj fpr gSa] rc mUgsa t ks i <+k; k t k jgk gS ml sl gh&l gh l e>us vkSj v i uh ckr l e>kus esa mUgsa dfBukbZ gksxhA , dfo| kFkhZ ml h Hkk"kk&' kSyh vkSj vUroZLrq dks fcuk fdl h HkVdko ds Bhdml h i w.kZrk ds l kFk v i ukrk gS t Sl k fd ml s i <+k; k x; k gSA ; g foKkudh Hkkouk ds , dne f[ kyki Q gS t ks Lora=k fpUru vkSj vfHkO; fDr dhvkt knh dh ek¡x djrh gSA

oSKkfud r j hds l s l eL; kv ksa dk l ek/ kuoSKkfud t kxfr ds i zl kj esa , d egÙoi w.kZ rRo gS ; g l qfuf' pr

djuk gS fd ns' k esa fd; k t kus okyk vf/ dka' k oSKkfud dk; Z vU; =k fd; st kus okys dk; ks± dh udy u gksA bl ds ct k; ] ml s okLro esa v i us ns' kvkSj v i us fudV i fjos' k esa i s' k vkus okyh l eL; kvksa l s i zsfjr gksukpkfg, vkSj bu l eL; kvksa dk gy oSKkfud rjhdksa l s fudkyus ds i z; kldjus pkfg, ] Hkys gh ; g dk; Z foKku ds vxz.kh dk; ks± esa ' kqekj u gks ; kegku vUrjkZ"Vªh; egÙo dks u l e>k t k; sA , d l rr i zfØ; k gksuhpkfg, ft l ds rgr oSKkfud l eqnk; vkSj l ekt mu l eL; kvksa dksoSKkfud nf"Vdks.k ds t fj ; s gy djus dh dksf' k' k djsa ft udk os l keukdjrs gSaA ; gh og l oZJs"B rjhdk gS ft l l s oSKkfud euksofÙk dk i zl kjfd; k t k l drk gSA pw¡fd foKku vUrjkZ"Vªh; gS bl fy; s ; g vko' ; d gSfd foKku ds vxz.kh {ks=kksa esa dke djus okys , sl s l peqp i zfrHkk' kkyhoSKkfudksa dh t : jr gS ft udk dk; Z udy l s i zsfjr u gksdj] okLrfodvUr%i szj .kk i j vk/ kfjr gksA mudk dk; Z oSKkfud Js"Brk ds u; sek.kn.M LFkkfi r djsxk vkSj ckdh oSKkfudksa ds i z; kl ksa ds fy, u; sfopkj] i zf' k{k.k vkSj i zkl afxd ' kks/ ksa vkSj fodkl mi yC/ djk; sxkA

foKku dh yksdfi z; rk dks vDl j oSKkfud euksofÙk ds i zl kj dsl kFk my>k fn; k t krk gSA eSa ; gk¡ t ksj nsdj dguk pkgw¡xk fd foKku dh

yksdfi z; rk oSKkfud psruk ds i zl kj dk , d fgLl k ek=k gSA gekjs l ektds fy; s fu' p; gh ; g csgn egÙoi w.kZ gS fd ml s gekjs ns' k esa gksus okysoSKkfud i z; kl ksa vkSj foKku dh mi yfC/ ; ksa ds ckjs esa crk; k t k; s vkSjl kFk gh ml i zxfr ds ckjs esa Hkh t ks nqfu; k Hkj esa gks jgh gSA i jUrqyksdfi z; rk dh i zfØ; k vDl j Kku dks vkl ku ' kCnksa esa O; Dr djus rdl hfer jgrh gSA T; knk egÙoi w.kZ ; g gS fd ml Hkkouk dks O; Dr fd; kt k; s fd bl Kku dks gkfl y dSl s fd; k x; kµvFkkZr~ rkfdZdrk dhi zfØ; k] voyksdu] i z; ksxksa] fo' ys"k.k bR; kfn ds }kjk l eL; kvksa dsl ekèkku dh i ¼fr ds ckjs esa crk; k t k; sA

; gk¡ foKku dks , d , sl k peRdkj vkSj t knw dh NM+h ekuus dhi zfofÙk gS t ks l Hkh l eL; kvksa dks [ kqn c [ kqn gy dj nsxhA bl feFkddks l ekIr djus dh vko' ; drk gS] gesa ; g t ku ysuk gksxk fd l ektdks Lo; a gh v i uh l eL; kvksa dks gy djuk gksxk vkSj l ekt ds vUnj[ kqn gh bl s gy djus dh {kerk; sa gSa] ft uesa bl mís' ; dh i wfrZ ds fy; soSKkfud rjhdksa dk bLrseky djus dh {kerk Hkh ' kkfey gSaAoSKkfud t k¡p&i M+rky dh l hek; sa\

var esa] eSa oSKkfud t k¡p&i M+rky dh okLrfod l hekvksa ds i z' ui j l a{ksi esa dqN fVIi .kh djuk pkgw¡xkA D; k ekuoh; vuqHko ds dqNi gyw l aHkkfor oSKkfud Li "Vhdj.k vkSj ekU; rkvksa ds nk; js l s ckgj gSa\cgqr l s , sl s yksx gksaxs t ks rdz nsaxs fd i zkÑfrd foKku dh vusdksa' kk[ kkvksa dh v l k/ kj.k l i Qyrkvksa ds eísut j ] fdl h Hkh i fj?kVuk vkSjekuoh; vuqHko dh oSKkfud l e> dh dksbZ l hek ugha gSA mudk rdZgksxk fd foKku dh i zxfr ds ekè; e l s i qjkuh dbZ jgL; e; fØ; kvksa dksvc l e> fy; k x; k gS vkSj ; g Øe fujUrj t kjh jgsxkA bl fy; s ; gi wokZuqeku yxkuk rdZi w.kZ gksxk fd dksbZ Hkh i zR; {k i fj?kVuk foKku ds nk; jsds ckgj ugha gksxh] ; | fi ; g l EHko gS fd og dHkh Hkh l e>nkjh dhml i w.kZrk dks i zkIr u dj l dsaA

gkyk¡fd eSa bl dk l eFkZu djrk gw¡ fd foKku dk yxkrkj c<+rkgqvk nk; jk , sl h cgqr l h pht ksa dks v i us Hkhrj ' kkfey dj ysxkA t ksfi Qygky ml ds nk; js l s ckgj gSaA i jUrq eq>s dki Qh l ansg gS fd oSKkfudvarnZf"V ekuoh; vuqHko ds l Hkh i gyqvksa dks l ekfo"V dj l drh gSAmnkgj.k ds fy; s] ; g l R; gS fd ge ekuoh; efLr"d vkSj ml ds Luk; qra=k vkSj ml dh y; c¼rk ds i zdkjksa ds ckjs esa dki Qh t kudkjh i zkIr djl drs gSa] t ks gesa ; g Li "V dj l drk gS fd èofu ds dqN feJ.k] t sl sfd l axhr] bruk vf/ d vkd"kZd D; ksa gS vkSj vU; D; ksa ughaA vkf[ kjdkj]l axhr dh vkofÙk; ksa] vk; keksa vkSj muds vusd l eqPp; ksa ds rkSj i jfo' ysf"kr fd; k t k l drk gS] l kFk gh efLr"d esa gksus okyh HkkSfrdjkl k; fud] nSfgd vkSj euksoSKkfud bR; kfn i zfØ; kvksa dk Hkh vè; ; ufd; k t k l drk gS] i jUrq l axhr l s gksus okys i zR; {k vkSj rkRdkfyd i zHkkods , sl s i gyw Hkh gSa t ks bl ds nk; js ds ckgj gksasxsA

l kFk gh l gh vkSj xyr] vPNkbZ vkSj cqjkbZ] [ kq' kh vkSj xe t Sl huSfrdrkvksa dh oSKkfud i fjHkk"kk nsuk csgn dfBu gSA oSKkfudrk l sekuork dh vksj fopkj dh , d fujUrjrk gS ft l s gesa l e>uk gSA l axhr; k fdl h uSfrd l eL; k i j ekuoh; i zfrfØ; k dks ; fn foKku dh dl kSVhi j dl us dk i z; kl fd; k t k; rks og xyr vkSj vfuf' pr i zrhr gksl drh gSA i jUrq bl rjg ds oDrO; ksa dh v i uh Hkwfedk vkSj egÙo gSAbl rjg foKku dks eqdfEey crkus dk eryc ; g ugha gS fd ogl koZHkkSfed gSA foKku ds ewyHkwr xq.kksa esa of¼ gksxh ; fn oSKkfud vkSj, sl s yksx t ks i s' ksoj rkSj i j foKku l s ugha t qM+sa gSa] ekuoh; vuqHko vkSjO; ogkj ds vU; i gyqvksa ds i zfr t kx#d gksaxs] t Sl s&dyk] dfork]l kfgR; ] nk' kZfudrk vkSj vfHkO; fDr ; k i zHkko ds fofo/ : i ] ft uesa l sdqN / eZ ds l erqY; gSaA

dqN yksx fufoZokn : i l s ; g nkok djsaxs fd fl i ZQ oSKkfud i ¼frgh t k; t vkSj rdZl axr gSA ysfdu foKku vkSj rduhd okLrfodrk dhvksj ys t kus okys dqN jkLrs gSaA gekjs vfLrRo dh i w.kZrk dks l e>us ds

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fy; s gesa nwl js jkLrksa dks Hkh mruh gh vko' ; drk gSA xf.krK xksbMsy usl kfcr fd; k fd Lo; afl f¼; ksa dh i z.kkyh dHkh Hkh Lo; a i j vk/ kfjr ughagks l drh] ml dh oS/ rk i zekf.kr djus ds Øe esa] ml fl ¼kUr l s ckgjds oDrO; ksa dk bLrseky djuk gksxkA ; g ' kk; n l Ei w.kZ foKku ds fy; sHkh l R; gSA foKku dh t M+sa ekuoh; vuqHko ds O; ki d {ks=k esa xgjkbZl s i QSyh gSA oSKkfud euksofÙk vkSj foKku dh Hkkouk ds i zl kj dks ; gl qfu' fpr djuk gksxk fd l Hkh jkLrs l adh.kZ ekufl drk vkSj : f<+okn dsct k; , d l Ei w.kZ l dkjkRed fn' kk dh vksj ys t k; saA

( ; kst uk vxLr 15] 1983)

bfrgkl dk l cl s nq[ kn l cd gs ; gµvxj gesa cgqri gys / ks[ kk fn; k x; k rks gekjk #>ku ml Nykos ds gjl cwr dks udkjus dk gksrk gSAl PpkbZ dk i rk yxkus esa gekjh #fp ugha gksrhA èkks[ kkèkM+hus gesa t dM+ fy; k gSA bl s Lohdkjuk cgqr rdyhi Qnsggksrk gSµ; gk¡ rd fd [ kqn ds vkxs Hkh fd ge vfrfo' okl hjgs gSaA (bl fy, i qjkus Nykos t kjh jgrs gSa t cfd u; sNykos Hkh l j mBkrs jgrs gSaA)

µ dkyZ l xku

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