dfl6{g rf }tf/lsf ] jflif {s k |ltj ]bg · 6 nepali history and society 14(2): 423-440. maharjan,...

dfl6{g rf}tf/Lsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg

cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&!

-@)&) ;fpg !–@)&! c;f/ #@÷

!^ h'nfO{ @)!#–!^ h'nfO{ @)!$_

bf];|f] d:of}bf, @)&! ebf} %

2

ljifo ;"rL

k[i7e"ld

!= rf}tf/L 5nkmn z[+vnf

@= k':ts÷hg{n k|sfzg

#= k':tsfno ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg

$= ldl8of cg';Gwfg zfvf

%= nf]stGq / zf;gk4lt Zffvf

^=hghLljsf cg';Gwfg zfvf

^=! lzIff ^=@ :jf:Yo

^=# hnjfo' kl/jt{g

^=$ ;x/L kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg

&= k|zf;g tyf ljQLo zfvf

*= cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg

(=dfl6{g rf}tf/Lsf lqmofsnfksf] ;fj{hlgs rrf{ / k|efj

!)= sfo{ ;ldlt

cg';"rLx¿

3

k[i7e"ld

Dffl6{g rf}tf/Ln] ;fj{hflgs ax;sf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zon] b'O{ bzsb]lv ljleGg ljifodf cgf}krfl/s z}nLdf 5nkmn rnfpFb} cfPsf]] 5 . ax;–5nkmnsf cltl/Qm cg';Gwfg, k':ts÷hg{n k|sfzg, k':tsfno ;~rfng, d]G6l/ªnufotsf sfo{qmdx¿ klg rf}tf/Ln] ;~rfng ub}{cfO/x]sf] 5 . rf}tf/Ln] cfly{s jif{ -cf=j=_ @)^^÷^& b]lv kfFr jif]{ /0fgLlts of]hgf nfu" u/L sfd ub}{cfPsf] lyof] . @)&) sf] dWolt/ pQm /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] Dofb ;lsPsfn] @)&! c;f/ d;fGt;Ddsf nflu dfl6{g rf}tf/Lsf] sfo{;ldltn] To;sf] Dofb a9fPsf] lyof] . b]zsf] jt{dfg kl/l:yltnfO{{ Wofg lbP/ kfFrf}F jif{sf sfo{qmdx¿ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf lyP . kfFrf}F jif{sf] k|lta4tfcg';f/ @)&)÷&! sf nflu jflif{s sfo{of]hgf / ah]6 lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o; k|ltj]bgdf cf=j= @)&)÷&! -@)&) ;fpg ! b]lv @)&! c;f/ #@ cyf{t\ !^ h'nfO{ @)!# b]lv !^ h'nfO{ @)!$ ;Dd_ df rf}tf/Ln] ;DkGg u/]sf sfdx¿sf] ljj/0f lbOPsf] 5 .

!= rf}tf/L 5nkmn z[+vnf

dfl6{g rf}tf/Ldf ;ftfdf b'O{ lbg -cfOtaf/ / d+unaf/_ ljleGg ljifodf 5nkmn x'G5 . o; cf=j= @)&)÷&! df dfl6{g rf}tf/Ldf lgoldtcGtu{t (@ cf]6f 5nkmn / & cltl/Qm 5nkmn u/L hDdf (( cf]6f 5nkmn ;DkGg eP -x]g'{xf];\ cg';"rL !_ . cfOtaf/ x'g] 5nkmn cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t x'G5g\ eg], d+unaf/ ljleGg ;d;fdlos ljifodf / ldl8of;DaGwL 5nkmn ul/G5 . o; cf=j=df ;fj{hlgs ljbf, pkTosf aGb / rf}tf/Ldf cfof]hgf ePsf ljz]if ;]ldgf/ tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf sf/0f ( cf]6f lgoldt 5nkmn x'g ;s]gg\ . hDdf !#@ hgf d'Vo jQmfsf] ¿kdf ;xefuL eP . hDdf jQmfdWo] (% hgf -&@ k|ltzt_ k'?if / #& hgf -@* k|ltzt_ dlxnf lyP . rf}tf/Ldf x''g] lgoldt 5nkmnnfO{ n}+lus / ljifout ¿kdf ;Gt''lnt agfpg] k|of;:j¿k cl3Nnf jif{eF}m kmfu'g÷r}t -dfr{ @)!$_ dlxgf rf}tf/Lsf lgoldt 5nkmndf jQmfsf ¿kdf af]Ng cfpg] ;a} dlxnf g} x''g''kg]{ lgod o; cf=j=df klg nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . o; jif{ dfr{ dlxgfe/sf] 5nkmn dlxnfsf ljifodf sfd ug]{ Pp6f ;+:yf …rf}v6Ú ;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] ;xsfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} x/]s c+u|hL dlxgfsf] clGtd d+unaf/sf] 5nkmn klg ;f]xL ;+:yf;Fusf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . !=!=cfOtaf/] 5nkmn cf=j= @)&)÷&! df hDdf $^ cf]6f cfOtaf/] 5nkmn ;DkGg eP . % cf]6f cfOtaf/] 5nkmn ;fj{hflgs ljbf / rf}tf/Ldf cfof]lht ljz]if sfo{qmdsf sf/0f x'g ;s]gg\ . cfOtaf/] 5nkmn cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t x''g''kg]{ lgod /flvPsf] 5 / o;f] ubf{ cg'';GwftfnfO{ cg'';Gwfg ug{ kmfObf k''Ug''sf ;fy} g]kfndf ;fdflhs cg'';Gwfgdfly x''g] ax;sf] ;+:s[lt clej[l4 ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 . o;} z[+vnfcGtu{t cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{ h:t} o; jif{ klg dfl6{g rf}tf/L, ;fpy Pl;of OlG:6Ro'6 ckm P8efG; :68Lh / g]kfn kf]ln;L l/;r{ g]6js{sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf x'g] u/]sf] …gLlt 5nkmn z[+vnfÚ n] lg/Gt/tf kfof]] . !=@= d+unaf/] 5nkmn cf=j= @)&)÷&! df hDdf $^ cf]6f lgoldt d+unaf/] 5nkmn eP . aGb, ;fj{hlgs ljbf / rf}tf/Ldf cfof]lht ljz]if sfo{qmdsf sf/0f % cf]6f d+unaf/] 5nkmn x'g ;s]gg\ . ;d;fdlos ljifo h:t}, /fhgLlt, ;dfhlj1fg, k':ts, ;flxTo, snf ;+:s[lt, jftfj/0f, k/Dk/fut 1fg cflbaf/] o; z[+vnfdf ax; eP . o;} z[+vnfcGtu{t o; cfly{s jif{ klg d]G6n x]Ny kmfpG8];gsf] ;xsfo{df ;'? ePsf] dfgl;s :jfYo 5nkmn z[+vnf lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;~rfng ul/of] . !=#= cltl/Qm 5nkmn dlxgfsf] clGtd dËnaf/ dfl6{g rf}tf/L;Fu ldn]/ n;gf snf ;d"xn] ;~rfng ug]{ u/]sf] snf 5nkmn o; cfly{s jif{df dlxgfsf] clGtd laxLjf/ ug{ yflnof] . rf}tf/Ldf x'g] lgoldt 5nkmnafx]s o; cf=j=df snf

4

tyf cltl/Qm 5nkmn u/L c¿ & cf]6f 5nkmn klg ;DkGg eP . o;} cfly{s jif{sf] h'g dlxgfaf6 ;]G6/ km/ l/;r{ Og ;f]l;on l8k]mG;\ 6]Sgf]nf]hL, g]kfn OlGhlgol/ª sn]h -l;cf/P;l8l6÷g]s_ ;Fu sf] ;xsfo{df o'lge;{n sg]lS6le6L dfl;s 5nkmn z[+vnf ;'? ul/Psf] 5 . !=$= 5nkmndf ;xefuL o; cf=j=df @,%^* hgfn] rf}tf/Lsf lgoldt 5nkmndf efu lnP . of] rf}tf/Ldf lgoldt 5nkmndf efu lng cfpg] ;xefuLx¿n]] pkl:ylt /lh:6/df btf{ u/fPsf] cfwf/df u0fgf ul/Psf] ;+Vof xf] . 5nkmnsf ;xefuL ;a}n] /lh:6/df gfd gn]Vg] ePsfn] jf:tljs ;xefuL cem a9L lyP eGg ;lsG5 . 5nkmndf efu lng] ;xefuLx¿sf] n}+lus ljljwtf x]g]{ xf] eg] k'?ifsf] ;+Vof !,(^^ hgf -&^=% k|ltzt_, dlxnfsf] ;+Vof $($ hgf -!(=@% k|ltzt_ / gfdaf6 n}+lustf 5'§Øfpg g;lsPsf !)* -$=@% k|ltzt_ hgf /x]sf 5g\ .

!=%=;]ldgf/, sfo{zfnf / 5nkmn rf}tf/Ln] o; cfly{s jif{ ;]ldgf/, sfo{zfnf / cGo 5nkmn;d]t u/L !@ cf]6f ljz]if sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . oLdWo] $ cf]6f sfo{qmd sf7df8f}Faflx/ ;DkGg ePsf lyP . To:t}, ljz]if sfo{qmddWo] $ cf]6f sfo{qmd cGo ;+:yf / ljZjljBfnox¿sf] ;xsfo{df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] eg] afFsL * cf]6f dfl6{g rf}tf/L cfk}Fmn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] -x]g'{xf]; cg';"rL @_ . @= k':ts÷hg{n k|sfzg

o; cf=j=df lgDg * cf]6f k':ts, @ cf]6f hg{n / Pp6f gLltkq k|sfzg ul/P M

!= g]kfnL Dofu]lhgsf @% jif{ -lj=;+= @)$^–@)&)_, ch'{g kGyL, k|To"if jGt / xif{dfg dxh{g, ;+= -;g\ @)!#, rf}tf/L k':ts z[+vnf &&_ .

@. Ruptures and Repairs in South Asia: Historical Perspectives, Yogesh Raj, ed. (2013, Chautari Book Series 78).

#. The State of Sociology and Anthropology: Teaching and Research in Nepal, Madhusudan Subedi and Devendra Uprety (2014, Chautari Book Series 79).

$. The State of Geography Teaching and Research in Nepal: A Review and Reflection, Bhim Prasad Subedi (2014, Chautari Book Series 80)

%. The State of History Education and Research in Nepal, Yogesh Raj and Pratyoush Onta (2014, Chautari Book Series 81)

^. Under the Shadow of the Red Flag: Travels during Nepal’s Armed Conflict, Jagannath Adhikari (2014, Chautari Book Series 82)

&= Strategic Plan for the Proposed Social Science Research Council in Nepal (executive summary) k|:tfljt ;dfh lj1fg cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ g]kfnsf] /0fgLlts of]hgf -;f/ ;+If]k_, @)!$ *= Strategic Plan for the Proposed Social Science Research Council in Nepal

k|:tfljt ;dfh lj1fg cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ g]kfnsf] /0fgLlts of]hgf -;g\ @)!$_ (= :6l8h Og g]kfnL lx:6«L PG8 ;f];fO6L, jif{ !* c+s ! -h'g @)!#_ !)= ldl8of cWoog (, b]j/fh x'dfufO{+, k|To"if jGt, z]v/ k/fh'nL, xif{dfg dxh{g / ch'{g kGyL, ;+= -;g\

@)!$, rf}tf/L k':ts z[+vnf *#_ !!= gLltkq !) M ;+ljwfg;efsf] bf];|f] lgjf{rg -@)&)_ .

dfly plNnlvtdWo] ! gDa/df /x]sf] k':ts ut cfly{s jif{df k|sfzg ug]{ nIo lnOP klg s]xL n]vsf] d:of}bf tof/, ;Dkfbg, l8hfOg / 5kfOsf] sfd afFsL /x]sfn] of] jif{dfq k|sfzg x'g ;Sof] . dfly plNnlvt & / * gDa/df /flvPsf k|sfzgx¿ rf}tf/L k':ts z[+vnfcGtu{t g/x] klg o;sf] cg'jfb, ;Dkfbg

5

tyf n]cfp6 l8hfOgsf] sfd dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] u/]sf] xf] . o;sf nflu ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f cg';Gwfg sf]if -;k{m_ ;Fu rf}tf/Ln] cfly{s ;xof]u;DaGwL ;Demf}tf u/]sf] lyof] . oL b'j} k':tssf] k|sfzs g]kfn ;/sf/, dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfno xf] .

ldl8of cWoog hg{n o;} jif{ -c+s (_ b]lv g} e[s'6L Ps]8]lds klAns];G;\;Fusf] ;xsfo{df k|sfzg x'Fb}5 . hg{n pTkfbgsf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L eg] ljutdf e}Fm dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] g} lnPsf] 5 . o;cGtu{t k|];df k7fpgsf nflu tof/L r/0f;Dds} sfd rf}tf/Ln] ug]{5 . k|sfzs e[s'6Ln] 5kfO nfut a]xf]/L hg{n laqmL ljt/0f ug]{5 . hg{n k|sfzgafkt kg{hfg] cfly{s ef/ b'O{ ;+:yfaLr afF8kmfF8 u/L o;nfO{ bL3{hLjL agfpg] p2]Zon] of] ;xsfo{ ul/Psf] xf] . o;} u/L, :6l8h Og g]kfnL lx:6«L PG8 ;f];fO6Lsf] jif{ !* c+s ! -h'g @)!#_ c+s 5kfOsf nflu k|];df 5 . of] hg{nsf] ;DkfbsLo;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ lhDdf rf}tf/Ln] / k|sfzgsf] sfd d08nf a's KjfOG6n] klxNo}b]lv ub}{cfPsf] 5 .

lgDglnlvt k':ts, hg{n tyf gLltkqx¿ eg] o; jif{ k|sfzg ug]{ nIo /flvP klg ;dofefjsf sf/0f cfpFbf] cf=j=sf nflu :ylut x'g k'u]sf 5g\ M

!= ;g\ @)!) / !! df k|bfg ul/Psf] pRrlzIffdf ;dfj]zLs/0f;DaGwL j[lQ -k]mnf]l;k_ df ;+nUg JolQmx¿n] tof/ kf/]sf n]vx¿sf] ;Dkflbt k':ts . of] k':tssf ljleGg n]vx¿sf] ;Dkfbg ;'? eP klg ;Dkfbssf] ;dofefjsf sf/0f /f]lsO/x]sf] 5 .

@= l;Gxf; hg{n !*-@_ o;sf n]vx¿ ljleGg r/0fdf /x]sf 5g\ .

#= z}lIfs ;+:yfaflx/ 1fg pTkfbgsf] cj:yf -Knowledge production beyond Academia) . of] k':tssf cWofox¿ ;Dkfbg tyf n]vsx¿åf/f kl/dfh{gsf] k|lqmofdf 5g\ .

$= c8 xˆ6gsf] hLjgL . of] k':tssf] kf08'lnlk k|fKt eP/, To;sf] ;dLIffsf] sfd ;lsPsf] 5 eg] ;Dkfbgsf] sfd afFsL 5 . 5kfOsf nflu cfly{s ;xof]u h'6fpg] k|of; klg eO/x]sf] 5 .

%= g]kfndf pRr lzIff . of] k':tssf nflu cg';Gwfg sfo{ ;'? ePsf] 5 .

^= gLltkq !! M bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;efkl5sf] cj:yf . of] gLltkq n]vgsf] sfd hf/L /x]sfn] cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] q}dfl;sdf k|sfzg x'g]5 .

rf}tf/Ln] cg';Gwfg u/]sf / tof/ kf/]sf sltko ;fdu|L d'lb|t ¿kdf k|sfzg gu/L j]a;fO6df dfq klg k|sfzg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . oxL cf=j=df To;/L rf}tf/Lsf] j]a;fO6df /flvPsf k|ltj]bg tyf ;Gbe{;"rLx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M

k|ltj]bg tk{m sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf saf8 Jofkf/sf] ;~hfn M cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bgÆ, tLy{ lji6 / of]u]z /fh -;g\ @)!#, http://martinchautari.org.np/files/KabaadReport2013.pdf_ ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Ltk{m Aryal, Dipak. 2014. Bibliography of Works by/on BP Koirala and His Writings. [version 1; 22

June]. http://martinchautari.org.np/files/BibliographyOfWorksByOnBPKoiralaAndHis Writings.pdf

Budhathoki, Shak Bahadur. 2013. Bibliography on Constituent Assembly. [version 1; 7 August]. http://martinchautari.org.np/files/Bibliography-on-ConstituentAssembly-ShakBB.pdf Sharkey, Gregory. 2009. Bibliography of Fr. John K. Locke’s Writings. Extracted from the

former’s article ‘Scholar of the Newars: The Life and Work of John K. Locke.’ Studies in

6

Nepali History and Society 14(2): 423-440.http://martinchautari.org.np/files/Bibliography-of-John-K_-Lockes-Writings.pdf

Maharjan, Mahesh Raj and Yogesh Raj. 2013. Bibliographical Works related to Tirthalal Na:gha:bha:ni. [version 1; 18 August]. http://martinchautari.org.np/files/Three-Bibliographies-on-Tirthalal-Naghabhani.pdf

Chand, Obindra B. 2013. A Bibliography of Dalit related Studies in Nepal. [version 1; 9 December].http://martinchautari.org.np/files/A_Bibliography_of_Dalit_related_Studies_in_Nepal-By-Obindra_Chand.pdf

Maharjan, Harsha Man. 2013. Nepalma Patrakarita tatha Aamsanchar Shiksha: Sandarbha Suchi. [Bibliography of Writings on Journalism and Mass Communication/Media Education in Nepal]. [version 1; 27 December]. http://martinchautari.org.np/files/Biblio_Journalism-and-Mass-Communication-Media-Education-in-Nepal_By-HarshamanMaharjan.pdf

Maharjan, Harsha Man, Ramita Maharjan, Arjun Panthi and Shailesh Pandey. 2014. Writings on the Internet in Nepal: A Bibliography. [version 1; 11 June]. http://martinchautari.org.np/files/ Writings_on_the_Internet_in_Nepal_A_Bibliography.pdf

#= dfl6{g rf}tf/L k':tsfno

Dffl6{g rf}tf/L k':tsfnodf @)&! c;f/;Dddf hDdf @) xhf/ !(& cf]6f k':ts, y]l;;, ck|sflzt k|ltj]bg cflb ;fdu|Lx¿ ;+slnt 5g\ . xfd|f] ;+sngdf k':tsafx]s sfo{kq, cg';Gwfgd"ns n]v, zf]wkq, ck|sflzt k|ltj]bg, hg{n, kqklqsf, Go"hlSnlkª\;, Dofu]lhg klg 5g\ . @)&! c;f/ cGTo;Dd o; s]Gb|df ldl8of;DaGwL sl/a %%!& ;fdu|Lsf] ;+u|x 5 . ldl8of;DaGwL k|ltj]bgx¿ @%* cf]6f, g]kfnL ldl8ofaf/]sf sfo{kqx¿ @*% cf]6f, ldl8of;DaGwL cg';Gwfgd"ns k'm6s/ n]vx¿ !,#(& cf]6f / ldl8ofaf/]sf zf]wkqx¿ !*^ cf]6f ;+sngdf 5g\ . afFsL ##(! ldl8of;DaGwL k':tsx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . oLafx]s lZfIff, ;dfhzf:q, /fhgLltzf:q, n}+lustf, jftfj/0f, Oltxf;, wd{, :jf:Yo, cy{zf:q, ;flxTo cflb ljifosf k':tsx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

#=! k':tsfnodf ylkPsf k':ts÷hg{n÷n]vx¿

k':tsfnodf @)&) ;fpg ! b]lv @)&! c;f/ d;fGt;Dddf hDdf &&) cf]6f k':tsx¿ ylkPsf 5g\ . oLdWo] $($ cf]6f lslgPsf / afFsL @&^ cf]6f k':tsx¿ pkxf/:j¿k rf}tf/L k':tsfnonfO{ k|fKt ePsf x'g\ . k':tsx¿ ;+sng ug{ ;lhnf] xf];\ eg]/ sf7df8fF} pkTosfsf] d'Vo–d'Vo k':ts k;nx¿sf] ;"rL agfOPsf] 5 / Od]n tyf 6]lnkmf]gdfk{mt ;Dks{ u/L k':tsx¿ Nofpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . sf7df8f}Fsf s]xL k':ts k;n;Fu gofF k':tssf] ;"rL dfl;s ¿kdf dfUg] / To;dWo] cfjZos 5gf]6 u/L vl/b ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . GfofF k':tssf ;fy} g]kfn;Fu ;DalGwt k'/fgf k':tsx¿ Kflg ;+sng ug]{ sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 . a]nfa]nfdf ;fdu|Lx¿ pkxf/:j¿k rf}tf/LnfO{ k|fKt x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . ;fy} g]kfn aflx/af6 k|sflzt ePsf k':tsx¿ klg rf}tf/Lsf z'e]R5'sx¿nfO{ ljz]if cfu|x u/]/ Nofpg] ul/Psf] 5 .

Dffl6{g rf}tf/L k':tsfnodf of] jif{ klg g]kfnaf6 k|sflzt hg{n÷cg';GwfgfTds klqsf ;+sng ug]{ sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 . o; k':tsfnodf g]kfnaf6 k|sflzt @@& ;lxt b]z ljb]zsf u/L #%( zLif{ssf hg{nx¿ ;+slnt 5g\ . o;df lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf s]Gb|Lo ljefux¿, g]kfnsf] k"j{b]lv klZrd;Ddsf cflËs SofDk;x¿, ljBfyL{ ;d"xx¿, JolQm, lghL tyf ;/sf/L sfof{no, cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x¿ cflbn] k|sfzg ug]{ hg{nx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . ;+slnt hg{nx¿ ;dfhzf:q dfgjzf:q, Oltxf;, ljsf;, efiff, ;+:s[lt cflb ljljw ljifosf 5g\ . hg{nx¿ cª\u|]hL, g]kfnL, g]kfnefiff nufot g]kfnsf cGo /fi6«efiff Pj+ å}eflifs / ax'eflifs ;d]t 5g\ .

7

jfl0fHozf:q, lj1fg k|ljlw tyf lrlsT;fzf:qsf hg{nx¿ eg] ;+sngdf k/]sf 5}gg\ . sf7df8f}Faf6 k|sflzt x'g] hg{nx¿ /d]z /fO{, zsaxfb'/ a'9fyf]sL / /ldtf dxh{gn] If]q afF8]/ ;+sng ug]{ ug{'ePsf] 5 . sf7df8f}F aflx/af6 k|sflzt x'g] hg{nx¿ rflxF aflx/ uPsf] a]nfdf rf}tf/Lsf cGo ;fyLx¿n] ;+sng ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 . JolQmut lrghfgsf cfwf/df klg hg{nx¿ o; k':tsfnodf cfpF5g\ .

k':ts, hg{nafx]s ldl8of;DaGwL cg';Gwfgd"ns n]vx¿sf] ;+sng ug]{ sfo{ klg eO/x]sf] 5 . oL n]vx¿ ljleGg k':ts, hg{n tyf Dofu]lhgaf6 ;+sng ul/Psf x'g\ . o;sf ;fy} g]kfndf eO/x]sf ljleGGf ;]ldgf/x¿df k|:t't ul/Psf sfo{kqx¿ klg ;+sng eO/x]sf] 5 .

@)&) k';b]lv rf}tf/L k':tsfno cfk}Fmn] pRr lzIffsf] k|]; lSnlkª\; agfpg yfn]sf] 5 . ;fy} rf}tf/Ln] cfjZos 7fg]sf cGo ljifox¿sf] klg n]v tyf k|sfzg ;+sng / Joj:yfkg ub}{cfPsf] 5 . #=@ kqklqsf÷cgnfOg hg{n

k':tsfnodf /fhwfgLaf6 k|sflzt x'g] k|foM ;a}h;f] b}lgs / ;fKtflxs kqklqsfx¿ pknAw 5g\ . g]kfnL b}lgs kqklqsfx¿df !* zLif{ssf ;ª\u|lxt 5g\, h;dWo] !$ zLif{ssf lgoldt 5g\ / afFsL aGb eO;s]sf jf clgoldt ¿kn] lgl:s/x]sf 5g\ . cª\u|]hLdf ;ft zLif{ssf b}lgs klqsfx¿ ;ª\u|lxt 5g\, h;dWo] rf/ zLif{ssf lgoldt 5g\ eg] tLgcf]6f aGb eO;s]sf jf clgoldt ¿kn] lgl:s/x]sf 5g\ . ;fKtflxstkm{ @* zLif{sdf kqklqsfx¿ ;+slnt 5g\ . g]kfn tyf ljb]zaf6 lg:s]sf sl/a 8]9 bh{g Dofu]lhgx¿ klg o; k':tsfnodf pknAw 5g\ .

cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu cgnfOg hg{nx¿ lgs} pkof]uL dflgG5g\ . cgnfOg hg{nx¿ pknAw u/fpg]dWo] g]kfndf ;g\ @))( b]lv ;~rfngdf cfPsf] ;+:yf {Nepal Library and Information Consortium (NeLIC)} k|d'v xf] . o;}dfkm{t\ rf}tf/L k':tsfnon] cgnfOg hg{nx¿ ;A;qmfOa ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . dfl6{g rf}tf/L ;g\ @))( df NeLIC sf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] ;b:o ePsf]] lyof] . NeLIC sf] ;b:o ePafkt dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] ljleGg e-resources ;bZox¿ aLrdf bfdf;oLn] /sd ltg]{ Joj:yfcg'¿k /sd lt/]/ k|fKt ub}{cfPsf] 5 . o; k':tsfnodf pknAw ePsf e-resources k|foM ;a} NeLIC sf] ;b:otfdfkm{t\ pknAw ePsf x'g\ . pknAw cgnfOg hg{nx¿dWo] Project MUSE, JSTOR ;Mz'Ns Subscribe ul/Psf] 5 . o; aif{ klg NeLIC sf] ;bZotf l/Go" u/]/ rf}tf/Ln] e-resources x¿sf] pknAwtf rf}tf/L k':tsfnodf hf/L /fv]sf] 5 . NeLIC dfkm{t rf}tf/Ldf e-resources sf] pknAwtf ;g\ @)!$ sf] cGTo;Dd x'g]5 .

#=# Online catalogue df ;'wf/

k':tsfnodf ePsf ;fdu|LnfO{ sDKo'6/ 8]6fj];df /flvPsf] 5 . kf7sn] cfk"mn] rfx]sf] ;fdu|Lx¿ sDKo'6/dfkm{t vf]h]/ pkof]u ug{ ;S5g\ . ;fy} cgnfOg Sof6nudfk{mt klg rf}tf/Ldf pknAw ;fdu|Lx¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L lng ;lsG5 . rf}tf/L k':tsfnosf] cgnfOg Sof6nusf] ;ˆ6j]o/ kl/jt{g u/]sf sf/0fn] gofF ;ˆ6j]o/cg';f/ ;r{ ubf{ Pp6f v08df cfpg'kg]{ ;"rgfdf no item available eGg] ;Gb]z cfpg] ub{Yof] . gofF Sof6nudf To;sf nflu cfjZos hfgsf/L yk]/ To:tf] ;Gb]z gcfpg] agfpg o; jif{ k|z:t sfd ul/of] To; qmddf cfwfeGbf a9L 8f6f ;'wf/ e};s]sf] 5 . sl/j !& xhf/ % ;o 8f6f dWo] ( xhf/ a9L 8f6fn] ;xL ;Gb]z lbgyfn]sf 5g\ . cfufdL aif{sf s]xL dlxgfdf k"/f sfd u/]/ ;Dk"0f{ 8f6fdf Ps¿ktf Nofpg k|of; ul/g]5 .

rf}tf/L k':tsfnodf pknAw kqklqsf tyf Dofu]lhgsf] kl/dflh{t ;"rL u/L !) h'nfO{ @)!$ df j]e;fO6df cknf]8 ul/of] . rf}tf/L k':tsfno tyf ldl8of ;]G6/sf] k':tsfno hfgsf/L tyf ;"rgfx¿ ;do

8

;dodf kl/dfh{g u/L ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF:g] ul/Psf] 5 . Sof6nudf OG6«L ePsf 8f6fx¿sf] Jofsck k]g8«fOe tyf k':tsfnosf] Ps sDKo"6/df /flvPsf] 5 .

#=$ OG6g{÷cNksfnLg sd{rf/L

laut aif{df k':tsfnodf s;}n] klg OG6g{sf ¿kdf sfd u/]gg\ . zsaxfb'/ a'9fyf]sLn] ;ftfsf # lbg cWoog sIf x]g]{ / ;fdu|L ;+sngsf nflu k|ToIf ;xof]u ub}{cfpg'ePsf] 5 . o;afx]s a'4 >]i7n] ;ftfsf b'O{ lbg cfwf;do sfd ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 eg] cGo ;dodf rf}tf/L k':tsfnodf sfo{/t ;fyLx¿n] g} cWoog sIfsf] /]vb]v ug'{eof] .

#=% :6s e]l/lkms];g

Dffl6{g rf}tf/L k':tsfnodf :6s e]l/lkms];g @)&) d+l;/ !^ / !& ut] (December 1 & 2, 2013 ) sf lbg ul/of] . o; cjlwdf k':tsfnosf ;a} ;]jf aGb ul/Psf lyP . k':tsfnosf ;a} #$ cf]6f b/fhsf] :6s e]l/lkms];g ul/of] h;df #) cf]6f k':ts, l/kf]6{ OToflb /flvPsf b/fh lyP eg] hg{n /flvPsf $ cf]6f b/fhsf] klg e]l/lkms];g ul/of] . e]l/lkms]zg ubf{ Random sample survey ljlw k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . ;a} k':ts Ps–Ps u/]/ x]g{ ;do / hgzlQmsf sf/0f ;Dej gx'g] ePkl5 a9Ldf k|To]s % cf]6f k':tsnfO{ Ps} k6s lgsfn]/ x]l/of] / o;f] ubf{ s'g} k':ts z+sf:kb b]lvPdf To;nfO{ lgsfn]/ yk sfd ul/of] . ;fgf] cfsf/sf a9Ldf % cf]6f / 7"nf] cfsf/sf k|To]s k':tsnfO{ lgsfn]/ k':ts tyf k':ts /flvPsf] b/fh cg'udg ul/of] . ljutdf wld/fn] cfqmd0f u/]sf :yfgnfO{ a9L ;do lbP/ cg'udg ul/of] / cj:yf 7Ls /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . e]l/lkms];gaf6 hDdf *% cf]6f k':ts÷hg{n lgsflnof] . tLdWo] & cf]6f sn gDa/ ldnfpg], # cf]6f afOl08ª\df k7fpg], Ps} zLif{s t/ sn gDa/ km/s–km/s k/]sf k':ts hDdf #$ cf]6f km]nf k/] . $ cf]6f klAnz;{ Sof6nu btf{ k'l:tsf / cgnfOg Sof6nuaf6 x6fOof] . #& cf]6f b'O{eGbf a9L k|lt /x]sf k':ts klg b/fhaf6 lgsflnof] . @)^* ;fndf ul/Psf] pkrf/kZrft\ k':tsfnodf wld/f b]lvPsf] 5}g .

#=^ afOlG8ª

rf}tf/L k':tsfnodf of] cfly{s jif{ hg{n, Dofu]lhg, k':ts / cvaf/ u/L $ y/L ;fdu|L afOlG8ª ul/of] . sltko k'/fgf hg{nsf ef]No"d k"/f ePsfn] ltgnfO{ afOlG8ª ul/of] . To:t}, k':tsfnodf lslgPsf Dofuflhgx¿ k|sfzg k|s[ltsf cfwf/df lglZrt ;dosf] cGt/df afOlG8ª ug]{ sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOof] . k':tsfnodf Rofltg] cj:yfdf /x]sf jf RofltPsf sltko k':tssf] klg afOlG8ª ul/Psf] 5 . b}lgs tyf ;fKtflxs kqklqsf afOlG8ª ug{sf nflu ljutsf] h:tf] aflx/ k7fpg] qmd /f]lsof] t/ rf}tf/Ldf klqsfsf cfsf/cg';f/sf kmfOn lsg]/ Nofpg] / klqsfnfO{ k|To]s dlxgfsf] Pp6f kmfOn agfP/ kmfOlnª ug{ yflnof] . xfn cWoog sIfdf a:g] 5'§} sd{rf/L gePsfn] kqklqsf kmfOlnªsf] sfd s]xL ;dob]lv /f]lsPsf] 5 . cfufdL lbgdf afOlG8ªsf nflu kqklqsf aflx/ k7fOg] 5}g, rf}tf/Ld} kmfOlnª ul/g]5 . of] cfly{s jif{ hg{n, Dofu]lhg / k':ts u/L hDdf %$ yfg afOlG8ª ul/of] .

#=& k|of]ustf{

k':tsfnodf /flvPsf] u]6 /lhi6/af6 o; cf=j= df k':tsfno cfpg] cfuGt'sx¿sf] ;ª\Vof *&( /x]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ ljleGg ;]jfx¿dWo] rf}tf/L k':tsfnodf ;+slnt kqklqsfsf k'/fgf c+s x]g]{ k|of]ustf{ dfqsf]

9

;+Vof !)!& 5 .1 To:t} kmf]6f]slk ;]jf lng]sf] ;ª\Vof &!@ 5 . To;} u/L cWoog sIfdf a;]/ rf}tf/Lsf] sDKo'6/ k|of]u u/L OG6/g]6 ;]jf lng]sf] ;ª\Vof $^$ 5 . ut aif{b]lv cWoogsIfdf Nofk6k lnP/ cfpg]sf nflu klg tf/dfkm{t OG6/g]6sf] ;'ljwf lbg yflnPsfn] JolQmut sDKo'6/ k|of]ustf{ a9]sf] b]lvG5 . oL ;a} tYof+sdf rf}tf/Lsf ;b:o jf sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] ;]jf u0fgf ul/Psf] 5}g . o; cjlwdf dfl6{g rf}tf/Lsf sd{rf/L / ;b:ox¿n] !)#) k':tsx¿ 3/ nu]/ k9]sf] kfOof] .

o; k':tsfnodf ePsf ;fdu|Lx¿ hlt;Sbf] w]/} k|of]u xf];\ eg]/ rf}tf/Ln] cfˆgf lgoldt 5nkmndf klg pknAw ;fdu|Lx¿sf] af/]df ;"rgf lbg] sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 .

#=* cGo

@)^^ ;fndf agfOPsf] k':tsfno Dofg'cnsf] bf]>f] ;+:s/0f o; jif{ tof/ ul/of] . of] Dofg'cn k':tsfnosf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . k':tsfno k|of]ustf{sf nflu k':tsfno k|of]u;DaGwL 5'§} Dofg'cn cfjZos 7fg]/ of]u]z /fhsf] n]vgdf k|of]ustf{sf nflu Dofg'cn klg tof/ ul/of] / c;f/sf] ;'?b]lv g} o;nfO{ 8«fˆ6sf ¿kdf k|of]ustf{nfO{ ljt/0f ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . ;fy} rf}tf/Lsf] j]a;fO6df klg o;nfO{ cknf]8 ul/Psf] 5, h;sf] ln+s o;k|sf/ 5 M http://martinchautari.org.np/files/LibraryUserManual. pdf . k':tsfnosf sfdsf] ;dLIff ug{sf nflu rf}tf/Lsf ;bZoåo l;h{gf ;'Aaf / ;+uLtf kf08]sf] b'O{ ;bZoLo ;ldlt ut jif{ u7g ePsf] lyof] . ;f] ;ldltn] cWoogsf qmddf lbPsf s]xL a'Fbfut ;'emfj tyf cfGtl/s tyf afXo 5nkmnkl5 rf}tf/L k':tsfnosf] ;dLIff tof/ ul/of] . ;dLIff n]vg /d]z /fO{n] ug'{eof] . k':tsfno ;dLIffs} qmddf rf}tf/L k':tsfnosf] Sof6nu ;r{ ug]{ sDKo'6/ pleP/ vf]Hg cK7]/f] ePsfn] a;]/ vf]Hg ldNg] agfpg k':tsfnosf kf7sx¿af6 ;'emfj cfof] / ;f]xLadf]lhd a;]/ ;r{ ug{ ldNg] agfOof] .

$= ldl8of cg';Gwfg zfvf

$=! k':ts ;+sng rf}tf/L k':tsfno tyf ;|f]t–;fdu|L s]Gb|df sfo{kq / k|sflzt cg';Gwfgd"ns tyf ljZn]if0ffTds n]v, zf]wu|Gy / ck|sflzt k|ltj]bg, k':ts ;+sng ug]{ sfd ul/of] . ;+sngaf/] yk rrf{ dfl6{g rf}tf/L k':tsfno pkzLif{sdf cufl8 g} ul/Psf] 5 .

$=@ k':ts k|sfzg cl3Nnf] jif{ lgsfNg] of]hgf ul/Psf] Dofu]lhg;DaGwL k':ts of] jif{ k|sflzt eof] . sl/a $%) k[i7sf] o; k':tsdf @)$^ ;fnkl5 k|sflzt ljleGg lsl;dsf Dofu]lhgaf/] gofF n]lvPsf / k"j{ k|sflzt u/L !% cf]6f n]vx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ h;dWo] s]xL ;DalGwt Dofu]lhgdf sfd u/]sf JolQmx¿sf] ;+:d/0f x'g\ eg] afFsL cg';Gwfgd"ns n]vx¿ x'g\ . of] k':ts k|sfzg eO;s]kZrft\ # cf]6f ;dLIff -uf]/vfkq, g]kfn / gful/sdf_ tyf Pp6f k':ts kl/ro -sflGtk'/df_ k|sflzt eO;s]sf 5g\ . To:t}, jflif{s ldl8of hg{n ldl8of cWoog ( -;g\ @)!$_ of] cfly{s jif{sf] clGtdlt/ k|sflzt ePsf] xf] . sl/a @%) k[i7sf] o; c+ssf] ;+of]hg / ;Dkfbg b]j/fh x'dfufO{+, k|To"if jGt, z]v/ k/fh'nL, xif{dfg dxh{g / ch'{g kGyLn] ug'{ePsf] xf] . hg{nsf] o; c+sdf 5cf]6f n]v, Pp6f l6Kk0fL, b'O6f ;+:d/0f, Pp6f cGtjf{tf{ / b'O{cf]6f k':ts ;dLIff u/L !@ cf]6f ;fdu|L 5flkPsf 5g\ . n]vsaf6 ;dodf kl/dfh{g gePsf s]xL n]vx¿nfO{ ldl8of cWoog !) sf] nflu yftL /flvPsf] 5 .

1 u]6df /flvPs]f /lh:6/df cfuGt's ;a}n] gfd n]Vb}gg\ . t/ k'/fgf kqklqsf k|of]u ug]{ jf OG6/g]6 k|of]u ug]{ JolQmx¿sf] gfd clgjfo{ ¿kdf n]Vg nufOG5 . k':tsfnodf cfpg]dWo] ;a}n] k'/fgf kqklqsf gx]g]{ x'gfn] k':tsfnodf cfpg] cfuGt'ssf] ;+Vof Ps xhf/eGbf a9L g} /x]sf] eGg ;lsG5 .

10

$=# cg';Gwfg uPsf] cf=j=df h:t} o; jif{ klg ldl8of cg';Gwfg ;d"xn] g]kfndf Dofu]lhgsfl/tf af/]sf] cWoognfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] lyof] . b'O{ cf]6f gofF cg';Gwfg hghflt Dofu]lhg tyf lxdfn va/klqsfaf/] / kl/ro v08 nufot c¿ cl3Nnf] cf=j=df ul/Psf] cg';Gwfgsf d:of}bfx¿df klg kl/dfh{gsf] sfd ul/of] . Dofu]lhg;DaGwL k':ts k|sflzt ug]{ p2]Zon] uPsf] cf=j=df k|fKt ePsf Dofu]lhg;DaGwL n]v ;Dkfbg ug]{, n]cfp6 ug]{ / k|'km x]g]{ sfd klg eof] . Dofu]lhg;DaGwL k':tsdf / ldl8of cWoogsf] nflu dfl6{g rf}tf/Lleqaf6 s]xL gofF cg';Gwfg tyf s]xL cg';Gwfgsf d:of}bfdfly sfd eP h;sf] ljj/0f lgDg tflnsfdf lbOPsf] 5 M

tflnsf ! M ldl8of cg';Gwfg ;d"xcGtu{t o; jif{ ePsf cg';Gwfgsf] ljj/0f

tflnsfdf plNnlvt cg';Gwfgafx]s of] jif{ xif{dfg dxh{gn] kqsfl/tf tyf cfd;~rf/ lzIff;DaGwL ;Gbe{;"rL tof/ kfg'{eof], h;nfO{ rf}tf/Lsf] j]a;fO6df of] ln+sdf uP/ x]g{ ;lsG5 M http://martinchautari.org.np/files/Biblio_Journalism-and-Mass-Communication-Media-Education -in-Nepal_By-HarshamanMaharjan.pdf . To:t}, xif{dfg dxh{g, /ldtf dxh{g, ch'{g kGyL / z}n]zaxfb'/ kf08]n] g]kfndf OG6/g]6;DaGwL n]lvPsf ;fdu|Lsf] ;Gbe{;"rL tof/ ug'{eof] . of] ;Gbe{;"rL

qm=;+ n]vsf] gfd JolQm s}lkmot != …a]:6 ;]n/Ú agfpg] xf]8 M k':tssf]

ahf/ k|j4{gdf ldl8ofsf] pkof]u ch'{g kGyL / b]j/fh x'dfufO{+

ldl8of cWoog ( df k|sflzt n]v .

@= gofF Joj:yfdf a'l4hLjLsf] Joj:yfkg M k~rfot, n]vs / /demdsf] ;DaGw

xif{dfg dxh{g cl3Nnf] cfjdf n]vL of] cfjdf ljleGg k6s kl/dfh{g u/L ldl8of cWoog ( df k|sflzt n]v .

#= hghflt Dofu]lhg M ;dfj]zL ;fj{hlgs j[Q lgdf{0fsf] k|of;

k|To"if jGt / b]j/fh x'dfufO{+

g]kfnL Dofu]lhgsf @% jif{ -lj=;+= @)$^–@)&)_ df k|sflzt .

$= Dofu]lhg k':tssf] kl/ro ch'{g kGyL, k|To"if jGt / xif{dfg dxh{g

cl3Nnf cf=j=df ;'? u/L of] cf=j=df g]kfnL Dofu]lhgsf @% jif{ -lj=;+= @)$^–@)&)_ df k|sflzt n]v .

%= …dWodfu{Úsf] ablnFbf] ¿k M lxdfn va/klqsfsf] /fhgLlts kIfw/tf

ch'{g kGyL cl3Nnf] cf=j=df ;'? u/L of] cf=j=df g]kfnL Dofu]lhgsf @% jif{ -lj=;+= @)$^–@)&)_df k|sflzt n]v .

^= g]kfndf ;"rgfk|ljlw÷OG6/g]6;DaGwL ;/sf/L gLltx¿sf] ;dLIff

xif{dfg dxh{g / z}n]zaxfb'/ kf08]

cg';Gwfg hf/L . o;sf] ;+lIfKt c+z -cg';Gwfg ;+If]ksf ¿kdf 5'§} tyf nfdf] n]v ldl8of cWoog !) df k|sflzt ul/g] .

&= g]kfndf ;"rgfk|ljlw÷OG6/g]6 If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;j]{If0f

z}n]zaxfb'/ kf08], ch'{g kGyL / t[i0ff l;+x

;j]{If0fsf] k|ZgfjnL tof/ kf/L, ;j]{If0f sfo{ ;'? ul/Psf] .

*= Expansion of the Public Sphere amidst Market Challenges: Janajati Magazines in Nepal in the 1990s.

k|To"if jGt Published in Ethnicity in the Margins: Adivasis and Janajatis in India and Nepal. Marine Carrin, Gérard Toffin and Pralay Kanungo, eds., pp. 255-277. New Delhi: Primus Books (2014).

(= Emerging Challenges of Social Science Research and Knowledge Gaps

k|To"if jGt Paper presented in a panel entitled “Emerging Challenges of Social Science Research and Knowledge Gaps” as part of the International Conference on ‘Status and Role of Social Science Research in Asia- Emerging Challenges and Policy Issues” organized by the Indian Council for Social Science Research (ICSSR) and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) in New Delhi on 14 March 2014.

11

rf}tf/Lsf] j]a;fO6df of] ln+sdf uP/ x]g{ ;lsG5 M http://www.martinchautari.org.np/files/Writings_ on_the_Internet_in_ Nepal_A_Bibliography.pdf . ldl8of cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdcGtu{t g} aflx/sf JolQmx¿;Fu s/f/ u/L lglZrt ljifodf cg';Gwfg u/fpg] sfo{nfO{ o; jif{ klg lg/Gt/tf lbOof] . o; qmddf ltns kf7snfO{ ldl8of cWoogsf cf7 c+s;Ddsf] ;dLIff ug{ nufOof] . To;} u/L cl3Nnf] cf=j=df bLks cof{nnfO{ g]kfnL kqklqsfdf u|flkmS; k|of]usf] k/Dk/f / /fli6«otfsf] ;jfnaf/] cg';Gwfgd"ns n]v n]Vg cg'/f]w ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm ljifosf] n]v ldl8of cWoog ( df k|sflzt 5 . To;} u/L sNkgf Gof}kfg]nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] o'4sfndf ;~rfng u/]sf] e"ldut /]l8of]df cfk"mn] sfd ubf{sf] cg'ej n]Vg tyf vu]Gb| ;+u|f}nfnfO{ g]kfnL ldl8ofsf] kf7ssf ¿kdf ;+:d/0f n]v n]Vgsf] nflu cl3Nnf] cf=j=df ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] lyof] . pxfFx¿sf ;+:d/0ffTds n]vx¿ klg ldl8of cWoog ( df k|sflzt 5g\ . $=$ ldl8of k]mnf]l;k ;g\ @))^ b]lv lbFb} cfPsf] rf}tf/L ldl8of k]mnf]l;k o; cf=j=df s;}nfO{ klg lbOPg . cl3Nnf] cf=j=df cg';GwfgkZrft\ tof/ ul/;s]sf] zf]wkqnfO{ n]vdf ¿kfGt/0f ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ lx;fan] PshgfnfO{ k]mnf]l;k lbOPsf] lyof] . lqljcGtu{t c+u|]hL s]Gb|Lo ljefuaf6 Pdlkmn ;s]sf anaxfb'/ yfkfn] 'Nationalism's Appropriation of Modernity in Anagarik and Maitighar' zLif{sdf n]v]sf] zf]wkqnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug{ nufO{ g]kfnL efiffdfædfOlt3/ / cgful/sdf /fi6«sf] kl/sNkgfÆ zLif{ssf] n]v n]lvPsf] 5 . of] n]v ldl8of cWoog ( df k|sflzt 5 . $=% ldl8of 5nkmn, ;]ldgf/ / sfo{zfnf g]kfnL ldl8ofsf ljleGg cfofdaf/] laxLaf/ lgoldt 5nkmn ug]{ / j[Qlrq tyf rnlrq b]vfpg] sfdn] o; jif{ lg/Gt/tf kfPg . t/ cfOtaf/ / d+unaf/ ldl8of;DaGwL ljleGg !# cf]6f 5nkmnx¿ eP . To;} u/L # cf]6f ;]ldgf/, g]kfnL o'jf kqsf/x¿sf nflu ;d;fdlos /fhgLlts d'2fx¿af/] Pp6f sIff, OG6/g]6sf] kx'Fr / k|of]u;DaGwL :yfgLo ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yf;Fu ldn]/ Pp6f kl/rofTds sfo{zfnf tyf Pp6f cg';Gwfg ;Dd]ng klg cfof]hgf ul/Psf lyP .

tflnsf @ M ldl8of cg';Gwfg ;d"xcGtu{t o; cf=j=df ePsf ljz]if sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f qm=;+= sfo{qmdsf] gfd ldlt ;xsfo{÷jQmf

!= ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL ldl8of M klxnf] lgjf{rgsf] cg'ejn] l;sfPsf] kf7

@)&) sflQs !@

wd{ clwsf/L, ldl8of kmfp08];g

@= ldl8of cWoog hg{nsf] ;dLIff @)&) d+l;/ #) ltns kf7s, ;]G6/ km/ ldl8of l/;r{–g]kfn

#= Media\s Role in Transition to Democracy : The situation in Post-conflict Nepal

@)&) kmfu'g $ lgd{n l/hfn, OSj]n PS;];

$= g]kfnsf] ;d;fdlos /fhgLlts d'2fx¿af/] sfo{zfnf

@)&) sflQs $, &, !!, !$

;Ls] nfn

%= g]kfndf OG6/g]6sf] kx'Fr / k|of]uM kl/rofTds sfo{zfnf

@)&! h]7 @# dfl6{g rf}tf/L / l;cf/P;l8l6÷g]s

^= cg';Gwfg sfof{Gjog / Joj:yfkg sfo{zfnf @)&! c;f/ @) dfl6{g rf}tf/L / l;cf/P;l8l6÷g]s

12

$=^ ldl8of cg';Gwfg ;Dd]ng

dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] @)&! j}zfv !$ ut] sfe|]sf] w'lnv]ndf …ldl8of cg';Gwfg ;Dd]ng–%Ú sf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . dfl6{g rf}tf/L PSn}n] ljutdf klxnf] / bf];|f] ldl8of cg';Gwfg ;Dd]ng u/]sfdf sf7df8f}F ljZjljBfno;Fu t];|f] k6ssf] ;xsfo{df kfFrf}F ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] . o;sf nflu cg';Gwfgsf] ;f/;lxtsf] cfj]bg cfXjfg u/]cg'¿k hDdf !@ hgfsf] cfj]bg k/]sf] lyof] . lbOPsf] clGtd cjlw;Dd # hgfn] cg';Gwfgkqsf] k"/f¿k k7fPgg\ . To;}n] ( hgf sfo{kq k|:tf]tfsf] k|To]s kqsf nflu 5'§f5'§} l6Kk0fLstf{sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngnfO{ s"n tLgcf]6f ;qdf afFl8Psf] lyof] . clGtd ;qdf æg]kfndf vf]h kqsfl/tfsf] cEof;Æ zLif{sdf Kofgn 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . PSn}n] ;Dd]ng ug'{eGbf sf7df8f}F ljZjljBfno, efiff tyf cfd;~rf/ ljefu;Fu ;xsfo{ ubf{ sfo{qmdsf] kx'Fr / k|efj s]xL km/flsnf] ePsf], tyf sfo{af]em klg afFl8Psf] t];|f] / rf}yf] ;Dd]ngsf qmddf rf}tf/Ln] u/]sf] d"Nof+sg lyof] . To;}n] kfFRff}F ;Dd]ng klg ;xsfo{d} cfof]hgf ul/of] . of] cg';Gwfg ;Dd]ngdf ;dodf vfgf tof/ gx'g', s'kgsf] Joj:yf gx'g' / /lh:6«];gsf] Joj:yfkgdf sdhf]/L b]lvPsf] lyof] . of] cg';Gwfg ;Dd]ngsf] tflnsf cg';"rL # df lbOPsf] 5 .

%= nf]stGq / zf;gk4lt Zffvf

dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] cf=j= @)&)÷&! df Democracy and Governance -nf]stGq / zf;gk4lt_ zLif{scGtu{t ljleGg sfo{qmd k|:tfj u/]sf] lyof] h;dWo] ;+ljwfg–lgdf{0f k|lj|mofnfO{ glhsaf6 cg'udg ub}{ gLltkqx¿ k|sfzg ug]{, /fli6«otfsf ljifodf ljleGg lhNnfx¿df If]qLo / lhNnf:t/Lo ;3g cGtlq{mofTds 5nkmn u/fpg], rf}tf/L 5nkmndf tTsfnLg /fhgLlts kl/j]znfO{ ;d]6]/ dlxgfdf Psk6s …g]kfndf s] x'Fb}5 <Ú zLif{sdf 5nkmn u/fpg] nIo /flvPsf] lyof] . ;f]xLcg'¿k cf=j= @)&)÷&! df lgDglnlvt sfo{ ;DkGg eP . %=! gLltkqx¿sf] k|sfzg dfly elgPe}Fm rf}tf/Ln] ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ s]Gb|laGb'df /fv]/ o; cfly{s jif{df b'O{cf]6f gLltkq k|sfzg ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf] lyof] . h;cg'¿k gLltkq !) M ;+ljwfg;efsf] bf];|f] lgjf{rg -@)&)_, @)&) sflQsdf k|sflzt eof] . of] gLltkq g]kfnLdf !% ;o k|lt 5fk]/ ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o;sf] c+u|]hL ;+:s/0f eg] rf}tf/Lsf] j]a;fO6df dfq /fvL Od]ndfkm{t\ rf}tf/Lsf] g]6js{df ePsf ;a}nfO{ ln+s k7fOof] . csf]{ gLltkq ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg lgodfjnL Pj+ cfrf/;+lxtf / ss;x¿sf] sfo{;DaGwL k|sfzg ug]{ of]hgf /flvPsf] lyof] . pQm gLltkq ;dofefjsf sf/0f o; jif{ lg:sg g;s]sfn] csf]{ cfly{s jif{sf] nflu ;fl/Psf] 5 . clxn];Dd k|sflzt gLltkqx¿ rf}tf/Lsf] j]a;fO6df pknAw 5g\ . ?lr x'g] hf];'s}n] o;nfO{ http://martinchautari.org.np/2012-08-27-08-45-41/policy-briefs.html ln+sdf uP/ ;lhn} 8fpgnf]8 ug{ ;S5g\ . oL gLltkqx¿ …l8lh6n lxdfnoÚ sf] j]a;fO6 http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/ collections/journals/mcpb/ df klg /flvPsf] 5 . dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] k|sfzg u/]sf gLltkqx¿af/] ;sf/fTds l6Kk0fL kfOPsf] 5 . b]zleq tyf ljb]zsf k|d'v ;dfrf/ ;+:yfn] dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] p7fPsf ljifoj:t'nfO{ yk lj:tf/ ug]{ tyf dfl6{g rf}tf/Lsf gLltkqdf k|sflzt tYof+snfO{ p4[t ub}{ ;fdu|L k|sfzg u/]sfn] xfdLn] p7fPsf ljifoj:t'sf] dxQf tyf cf}lrTo :yflkt ePsf] 5 eGg ;lsG5 . gLltkq k|sfzg / ljt/0fafx]s ljleGg k|d'v /fli6«o b}lgs -b sf7df08" kf]i6_ df ljrf/, l6Kk0fLx¿sf] k|sfzgdfk{mt klg dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofnfO{ glhsaf6 cg'udg ug]{ u/]sf] lyof] -x]g'{xf];\ cg';"rL $_ . %=@ g]kfnL /fli6«otf / /fli6«o klxrfg;DaGwL ax; o; cf=j=df dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] g]kfnL /fli6«otf / /fli6«o klxrfgsf ljifodf b]ze/sf ljleGg :yfgdf cf7cf]6f cGtlqm{ofTds 5nkmn rnfpg] of]hgf agfPsf] lyof] . t/, lrtjg, ?s'd / g'jfsf]6 u/L tLg :yfgdf dfq :yfgLo / If]qLo :t/sf 5nkmn ;DkGg x'g ;Sof] . vf; u/L 8flg8fsf] ;xof]u l8;]Da/df ;lsPsf] / ;f]

13

5nkmnsf nflu cGoqaf6 cfjZos ;xof]u h'6\g g;s]sf sf/0f afFsL 5nkmn ug{ ;lsPg . g]kfnL /fli6«otf / /fli6«o klxrfg;DaGwL ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmx¿sf] ljrf/–lgdf{0fdf d2t k'Ug] / cfufdL ax;df pkof]uL x'g;Sg] ck]Iffsf ;fy g]kfnL /fli6«otf M lrGtg / cleJolQm gfds k':ts ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . /fli6«otf;DaGwL 5nkmn sfo{qmd cem a9L uxg xf]pmg\ eg]/ sfo{qmd x'g' Ps–b'O{ xKtf cufl8 g} sltko ;xefuLx¿nfO{ k':ts pknAw u/fOPsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf rf}tf/Ln] k|sfzg u/]sf gLltkqx¿ klg ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

pQm sfo{qmdx¿df k|d'v jQmfsf] ¿kdf vu]Gb| ;+u|f}nf ;fd]n x'g'ePsf] lyof] . o:t}, :yfgLo l6Kk0fLstf{sf ¿kdf sfo{qmd x'g] lhNnf jf If]qsf ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts JolQmTjx¿nfO{ ljz]if l6Kk0fLsf nflu cg'/f]w ul/Psf] lyof] . ;a} 7fpFdf ;DkGg ePsf sfo{qmdx¿df :yfgLo If]qsf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglw, ;dfh;]jL, k|fWofks÷lzIfs, ;~rf/sdL{, u};;sf k|ltlglw, ljBfyL{, jlsn, clwsf/sdL{, :jtGq JolQmTj tyf gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿ ;xefuL lyP . oL 5nkmnaf/] ;dfrf/ tyf l6Kk0fL :yfgLo PkmPd :6];gaf6 k|;fl/t Pj+ kqklqsfx¿df 5flkPsfn] sfo{qmdsf ;xefuL dfq geO{ tL ;dfrf/ dfWodsf >f]tf, kf7s tyf bz{sx¿;Dd k'u]sf] lyof] eGg ;lsG5 -x]g'{xf];\ cg';"rL $_ .

:yfgLo tyf If]qLo:t/df ePsf /fli6«otf;DaGwL 5nkmnsf] yk ljj/0f tn lbOPsf] 5 M lrtjg M lrtjg lhNnfsf] gf/fo0fu9df @)&) ebf} * sf lbg If]qLo:t/sf] g]kfnL /fli6«otfsf] ax; sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . sfo{qmddf n]vs vu]Gb| ;Fu|f}nf, /d]z k/fh'nL tyf l6Kk0fLstf{åo /dfsfGt kf]v/]n -k|fWofks tyf ;dfh lj1fg cWo]tf_ / dLgf v/]n -dlxnf clwsf/sdL{_ n] sfo{qmdsf] ;'?df /fli6«otfaf/] cfˆgf ljrf/ /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf lrtjg / gjnk/f;L lhNnfaf6 ljleGg If]q, ;d'bfo / lnª\usf ;xefuLx¿sf] ;+nUgtf lyof] . sfo{qmddf !^@ hgfsf] ;xeflutf lyof] h;dWo] !## k'?if / @( dlxnf lyP . sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLdWo] #) hgf ;xefuLx¿n] cf–cfˆgf ljrf/, lh1f;f / b[li6sf]0f /fv]sf lyP . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3, lrtjgn] sfo{qmdsf] :yfgLo ;+of]hg u/]sf] lyof] . 5nkmn sfo{qmdaf/] sfofs}/g, kf/bzL{ b}lgs tyf :yfgLo /]l8of] lqj]0fL PkmPd, ljho PkmPd, 6fF8L PkmPd / lqmi6n l6eLn] /fli6«otf;DaGwL sfo{qmd tyf ;dfrf/ k|d'vtfsf ;fy k|sfzg Pj+ k|;f/0f u/] -x]g'{xf];\ cg';"rL $_ .

?s'd M ?s'd lhNnfsf] vn+ufdf @)&) c;f]h !! sf lbg g]kfnL /fli6«otfaf/] ax; sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . sfo{qmddf n]vs vu]Gb| ;+u|f}nf tyf l6Kk0fLstf{ u0f]z xdfn -clwjQmf_ n] sfo{qmdsf] ;'?df /fli6«otfaf/] cfˆgf ljrf/ /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf !@( hgfsf] ;xeflutf lyof] h;dWo] !!# k'?if / !^ dlxnf lyP . sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLdWo] #) hgf ;xefuLx¿n] cf–cfˆgf ljrf/, lh1f;f / b[li6sf]0f /fv]sf lyP . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3, ?s'dn] sfo{qmdsf] :yfgLo ;+of]hg u/]sf] lyof] . 5nkmn sfo{qmdnfO{ :yfgLo /]l8of] ;fgL e]/L / pQ/u+uf PkmPdn] k|ToIf k|;f/0f u/]sf lyP .

g'jfsf]6 M g'jfsf]6 lhNnfsf] ljb'/ gu/kflnsfdf @)&) d+l;/ #) sf lbg g]kfnL /fli6«otfsf] ax; sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . sfo{qmddf n]vs vu]Gb| ;Fu|f}nf tyf Zofd;'Gb/ >]i7 -;dfh;]jL_ n] sfo{qmdsf] ;'?df /fli6«otfaf/] cfˆgf ljrf/ /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljleGg If]q, ;d'bfo / lnª\usf ;xefuLx¿sf] ;+nUgtf lyof] . sfo{qmddf $& hgfsf] ;xeflutf lyof] h;dWo] k'?if #& / !) dlxnf lyP . sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLdWo] !% hgf ;xefuLx¿n] cf–cfˆgf ljrf/, lh1f;f / b[li6sf]0f /fv]sf lyP . l6eL lqz'nLn] sfo{qmdsf] :yfgLo ;+of]hg u/]sf] lyof] . 5nkmn sfo{qmdaf/] l6eL lqz'nL, lqz'nL PkmPd / g'jfsf]6 PkmPkmn] k|d'vtfsf ;fy k|;f/0f u/] .

%=#= dfl;s 5nkmn z[+vnf M g]kfndf s] x'Fb}5 <

o; cfly{s jif{df k|To]s c+u|]hL dlxgfsf] x/]s bf];|f] d+unaf/ …g]kfndf s] x'Fb}5 <Ú zLif{scGtu{t ePsf;lxt ;d;fdlos /fhgLltaf/] !! cf]6f 5nkmn cfof]hgf ul/P -x]g'{xf];\ cg';"rL !_ . h;cGtu{t klxnf] / bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg s]lGb|t ljljw ljifodf % cf]6f 5nkmndf lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf tTsfnLg ;b:o 8Da/ r]Dhf]ª, dfcf]jfbL g]tf lvdnfn b]jsf]6f, g]skf Pdfn] g]tf cUgL v/]n, ;Gt a= a:g]t, t'nfgf/fo0f ;fx, od a= ls;fg, snf /fO{ / +z+s/ lnDa", pkTosfsf] ;8s la:tf/;DaGwL efOsfhL ltjf/L,

14

dlxnf d'lQmaf/]df dfcf]jfbL g]t[ lxl;of old, Pdfn]sf] gjf}F dxflwj]zg;DaGwL /fhgLlts ljZn]ifs d'df/fd vgfn / o'4kZrft\sf] cj:yfaf/] Jamie McGoldrick, UN Resident Coordinator nufotsf jQmfx¿n] cf–cfˆgf ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

^=hghLljsf cg';Gwfg zfvf

^=!= lzIff ;dfhlj1fg tyf pRrlzIffnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ o;jif{sf 5nkmnx¿ cfof]hgf ul/Psf lyP . o; cfly{s aif{df …g]kfndf ;dfhlj1fgsf] cWoog tyf cg';GwfgÚ, …k|:tfljt ;dfhlj1fg cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\Ú / …k|:tfljt pRr lzIff gLltÚ h:tf ljifodf ;]ldgf/÷sfo{zfnfx¿ cfof]hgf ul/P -x]g'{xf];\ cg';'rL %,^ / &_ . dfl6{g rf}Tff/Lsf] lgoldt 5nkmncGtu{t o; cfly{s jif{ b'O{ cf]6f lzIff;DaGwL 5nkmn cfof]hgf ug]{ jflif{s nIo eP klg o; cjlwdf lzIffsf ljleGg ( cf]6f ljifodf 5nkmnsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] -x]g'{xf]; cg';"rL !_ . lzIff zfvfcGtu{t k|sflzt ug]{ elgPsf k':tsx¿ Ruptures and Repairs in South Asia: Historical Perspectives -blIf0f Pl;ofsf] Oltxf;df qmde+u / ;Def/_ tyf g]kfndf ;dfhzf:q÷dfgjzf:q, e"uf]n tyf Oltxf; ljifosf] lzIf0f / cg';Gwfgsf] cj:yfaf/]sf tLg cf]6f k':tsx¿ klg k|sfzg ul/P . ;g\ @)!) / @)!! sf k]mnf]x¿n] u/]sf] cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t k':ts tyf z}lIfs ;+:yfgaflx/ 1fg pTkfbg;DaGwL k':ts eg] k|sfzg x'g ;s]g . b'j} k':ts ;Dkfbgsf] qmddf /x]sf 5g\ / oL cfufdL jif{ lg:sg] 5g\ .

cf]kg ;f];fO6L kmfpG8];gsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;~rfng x'g] kl/of]hgfcGtu{t lzIff;DaGwL cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf g]kfnsf] pRr lzIff gLlt;DaGwL cg';Gwfgx¿ hf/L 5g\ . o;} l;nl;nfdf ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]un] j}zfv @)&! df ;fj{hlgs ax;sf nflu pknAw u/fPsf] k|:tfljt pRrlzIff gLltsf] d:of}bfsf] ;dLIff ug]{ sfd rf}tf/Ln] u/]sf] lyof] . o; qmddf b]j]Gb| pk|]tL, k|df]b e§ / k|To"if jGtåf/f n]lvPsf] Pp6f n]v sflGtk'/ b}lgssf] @^ c;f/sf] c+sdf k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] -x]g'{xf];\ cg';"rL $ df pk|]tL / c¿ @)&!_ . o;} kl/of]hgfcGtu{t pRrlzIff;DaGwL ;Gbe{ ;"rL tof/ u/L rf}tf/Lsf] j]a;fO6df /flvof] . o;sf nflu lgDg ln+s x]g'{xf]nf M http://martinchautari.org.np/files/BibliographyOfWritings OnHigherEducationReformInNepal.pdf

^=!= ! o'jf cg';Gwfg ;Dd]ng – @)!#

rf}yf] o'jf cg';Gwfg ;Dd]ng ;g\ @)!$ hgj/L @ / # df dfl6{g rf}tf/Lsf] ;efxndf ;DkGg eof] . of] ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ug{''sf] p2]Zo ;dfh lj1fgdf o'jfx¿sf] pkl:yltnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ / ;d;fdlos ;fdflhs–/fhgLlts ax;df o'jf cg';Gwftfsf] cfjfh a'nGb ug]{ lyof] . g]kfnL ;dfhsf ljleGg ljifox¿df ul/Psf !! cf]6f cg';Gwfg sfo{kqx¿ o; ;Dd]ngdf k|:t't eP -x]g'{xf];\ cg';'rL *_ . o;df ;dfh lj1fg;DaGwL cg';Gwfgdf rf;f] /fVg] o'jf k':tfsf sl/a &) hgfsf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

^=@ :jf:Yo

g]kfndf dfgl;s :jf:Yo / …leGg ¿ksf ;IfdÚ sf d'2f ;fj{hlgs ax;sf clt ;LdfGtLs[t ljifo x'g\ . oL ;LdfGtLs[t ljifonfO{ ;fdfGotM ;fj{hflgs txdf / ljz]iftM hg:jf:Yosf] If]qdf d'nk|jfxLs/0f -d]gl:6«ldª\_ ug]{ p2]Zon] ;]K6]Da/ @)!@ b]lv x/]s b'O{ dlxgfsf] PskN6 ædfgl;s :jf:Yo 5nkmn z[+vnfÆ ;'? ul/Psf] 5 -x]g'{xf];\ cg';"rL !_ . of] z+[vnf dfl6{g rf}tf/L, g]kfn d]G6n x]Ny kmfpG8];g;Fusf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ePsf] xf] . o; z+[vnfcGt{ut cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&! df dfgl;s :jf:Yodf % cf]6f 5nkmn ug]{ nIo /flvP klg o; calwdf ^ cf]6f 5nkmn cfof]hgf ul/of] -5nkmnx¿sf] ljj/0f cg';"rL ! df x]g'{xf];\_ . o;} u/L kf6g Ps]8]dL ckm x]Ny ;fOG;];\, Go'Sof;n ljZjljBfno, j]nfotsf] ;xsfo{df dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] @@ km]a|'j/L @)!$ df Pslbg] …d]l8sn x\o'dflgl6h\Ú sf af/]df sfo{zfnfsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] -x]g'{xf];\ cg';"rL (_ . o; sfo{zfnfdf

15

d]l8sn ;f]l;of]nf]hL÷PGy|f]kf]nf]hL, klAns x]Ny, ;fOsf]nf]hL / d]l8sn ;fOG;;];\ cWoog cg';Gwfg ul//]xsf / hg:jf:Yodf rf;f] /fVg] sl/a #) hgf JolQmsf] pkl:ylt lyof] . o; cfly{s jif{df :jf:Yo zfvfcGtu{t g} clxn] g]kfn;DaGwL …leGg ¿kdf ;+IfdÚsf af/]df n]lvPsf s[ltx¿sf] ;Gbe{ ;"rL agfpg] sfd ePsf] 5 . d]l8sn ;f]l;of]nf]hL÷PGy|f]kf]nf]hL;DaGwL dw';'bg ;'j]bLsf] k':ts k|sfzg ug]{ of]hgf eP klg sfd g;lsPsf]n] lg:sg ;s]g .

^=# hnafo' kl/jt{g

hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} klg ultljlw o; jif{ ul/Pg . hgzlQm tyf cfly{s ;|f]tsf] cefjsf sf/0f o; ljifodf sfd ug]{ s'g} of]hgf rf}tf/Ln] agfPsf] lyPg .

^=$ zx/L kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg

zx/L kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ultljlwx¿ klg hgzlQm tyf ;|f]tsf] cefjdf o; jif{ vf;} x'g ;s]g . uPsf] cf=j= df tLy{ lji6 tyf of]u]z /fhn] u/]sf] cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t cg';Gwfgsf] k|ltj]bgn] of] jif{ clGtd ¿k kfof] . ;f] k|ltj]bg rf}tf/Lsf] j]a;fO6 http://martinchautari.org.np/files/ KabaadReport2013.pdf df x]g{ ;lsG5 .

&= k|zf;g tyf ljQLo zfvf

8flg8f x'uf];Fu cf=j= @)^^÷^& b]lv ;'? ePsf] rf/ jif]{ /0fgLlts ;fe]mbf/L sfo{qmd cf=j= @)^(÷&) sf] cGtb]lv ;dfKt ePkl5 8flg8f x'uf]n] /0fgLlts ;fe]mbf/L sfo{qmdnfO{ lj:tf/ ub}{ ;f9] kfFr dlxgfsf nflu pknAw u/fPsf] cfly{s ;xof]u @)&) k';df cGt eof] . ;f] ;xof]u a/fa/ k|fKt /sdsf] a]Un} n]vf k/LIf0f u/L 8flg8f x'uf]nfO{ a'emfOof] . hfkfg kmfpG8];gn] "Ruptures & Repairs in South Asian History" kl/of]hgfcGtu{t lbFb} cfPsf] cg'bfg klg o;} cf=j=b]lv ;dfKt eof] .

o; cf=j=df sfo{qmd ;+of]hssf ¿kdf nf]s/~hg k/fh'nLnfO{ cfGtl/s tj/af6 k"0f{sfnLg s/f/df lgo'Qm ul/of] . cfGtl/s tj/af6 g} ;xfos nfOa|]l/og /d]z lg/f}nfnfO{ nfO{a|]l/og, ;xfos k|zf;g tyf ljQLo Joj:yfks /f]lhgf l;6f}nfnfO{ k|zf;g tyf ;xfos ljQLo Joj:yfks / sfof{no ;xfos c+snfn rnfpg]nfO{ k|mG6 8]:s clkm;/ kbdf a9'jf ul/of] . 5nkmn ;+of]hs b]j]Gb| pk|]tLn] lbPsf] lgj]bgcg';f/ pxfFnfO{ k"0f{sfnLg s/f/af6 xKtfdf rf/ lbg dfq sfof{no pkl:ylt hgfpg] u/L cf+lzs s/f/df lgo'Qm ul/of] . dfl6{g rf}tf/L / ;]G6/ km/ l/;r{ Og ;f]l;on l8k]mG; 6]Sgf]nf]hL÷g]kfn OlGhlgol/ª sn]h -l;cf/P;l6l8÷g]s_ sf aLrdf g]kfndf OG6/g]6sf] kx'Fr / k|of]uaf/] ul/g] cg';Gwfg kl/of]hgfdf b'O{ ;+:yfsf] ;xsfo{sf ;DaGwdf ePsf] ;dembf/L cg';f/ l;cf/P;l6l8sf >L z}n]zaxfb'/ kf08]nfO{ jl/i7 cg';Gwftfsf] ¿kdf cfGtl/s tj/af6 ^ dlxgfsf] kl/If0f sfndf ;f] kl/of]hgfsf nflu lgo'Qm ul/of] . rf}tf/Lsf klAns gn]h k]mnf] of]u]z /fhsf] s/f/ @)&) d+l;/df ;lsPkZrft\ gofF s/f/ ul/Pg t/ pxfFnfO{ g]kfndf OG6/g]6sf] k|of]u / kx'Fr;DaGwL kl/of]hgfdf cg';Gwfg lgb]{zssf] lhDd]jf/L lbOof] .

oxL cf=j=df ldl8ofdf ;xfos cg';Gwftfsf ¿kdf sfo{/t tLy{ lji6åf/f lbOPsf] :j]lR5s /flhgfdf :jLs[t ul/of] . k|mG6 8]:s clkm;/df a9'jf ePkZrft\ c+snfn rnfpg]n] nfOa|]/Lsf] nflu ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] sfd zsaxfb'/ a'9fyf]sL, a'¢ >]i7, /d]z lg/f}nf / /ldtf dxh{gaLr afF8kmfF8 ul/of] . ;fwf/0f;efsf] @)&) ebf} !% ut]sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ n]vfk/LIfsdf gj/fh yklnofnfO{ lgo'Qm ul/of] . o;} u/L dfl6{g rf}tf/Lsf] sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;]jfsf ;t{, ;'ljwf / ;x'lnot;DaGwL lgodfjnLdf /x]sf] jflif{s labf tyf la/fdL labf a'Fbfdf ;'wf/ u/L jif{sf] cGtdf s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] aflif{s tyf la/fdL ljbf & lbg ;+lrt ePdf ;f] labfnfO{ csf]{ jif{sf]

16

nflu ;+lrt gul/g] tyf dfl6{g rf}tf/Lsf] ljwfgdf /x]sf] lgjf{rg;DaGwL a'bfFdf s]xL b'ljwf ePsf] x'gfn] ;f] ;'wf/ ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] . o; cf=j df n}+lus ;dtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f;DaGwL cl86 ug]{ elgP klg ;f] cl86 x'g ;s]g . oxL cf=j= df dfl6{g rf}tf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg (Performance Evaluation) sfo{ ODC sL >L O/f >]i7n] ug'{eof] .

ut cfly{s jif{e}Fm o; jif{ klg k"0f{sfnLg s/f/df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf :jf:Yo aLdfsf] Joj:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOof] . sd{rf/Lsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ o;} cf=j=df n]vf Joj:yfks ljj]s zfx @! lbg] tflnddf efu lng 8]gdfs{ hfg'eof] . a]nf a]nfdf x'g] nfOa|]/L;DaGwL sfo{zfnf tyf g]kfn nfOa|]/L P;f]l;P;g tyf eQmk"/ nfOa|]/L P;f]l;P;gåf/f k|bfg ul/Psf] b'Olbg] nfOa|]/L;DaGwL tflnddf /d]z lg/f}nfn] efu lng'eof] . rf}tf/Lsf ;a} sd{rf/LnfO{ b}lgs sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf cfjZos kg]{ sDKo'6/;DaGwL yk 1fg xfl;n xf];\ eg]/ cfGtl/s tj/af6 lszf]/ k|wfgåf/f tLg lbg] sDKo"6/ tflnd k|bfg ul/of] h;df rf}tf/Lsf !^ hgf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] pkl:ylt lyof] .

oxL cf=j df cg';Gwfg lgb]{zs ;]/f tfdfªn] 8]gdfs{df cfof]lht Danish Civil Rally 2013: On Track for Change?” sfo{qmddf ;|f]t JolQmsf] ¿kdf efu lng'eof] . sfo{sf/L ;ldlt cWoIf k|To"if jGt lbNnLdf Institute for Defense Studies and Analysis ¢f/f cfof]lht sfo{zfnfdf …Does Academia Matter to the Shaping of Mutual Perceptions in South Asia? zLif{sdf sfo{kq k|:t't ug{ hfg'eof] . To:t}, jGt Indian Council for Social Science Research (ICSSR) and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) åf/f cfof]lht ‘Status and Role of Social Science Research in Asia- Emerging Challenges and Policy Issues” ljifos cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngdf “Emerging Challenges of Social Science Research and Knowledge Gaps” zLif{ssf] sfo{kq k|:t't ug{ klg hfg'eof] . sfo{qmd ;+of]hs nf]s/~hg k/fh'nLn] yfONof08df cfof]lht Asia Pacific Scholarship Consortium (APSC) Student Meeting df jQmfsf] ¿kdf efu lng'eof] . ;fy} pxfFn] hfkfgdf cfof]lht International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (IUAES 2014) df klg sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{eof] / @)&! c;f/af6 ^ dlxgfsf] km]nf]l;k kfP/ pxfF ef/t hfg'eof] . cg';Gwfgstf{ xif{dfg dxh{gn] PnfOG; km/ ;f];n 8fOnu -PP;8L_ n] x/]s jif{ ;fj{hlgs gLlt;DaGwL cg';Gwfg ug{ k|bfg ug]{ k]mnf]l;k kfpg'eof] . o; k]mnf]l;kcGtu{t pxfFn] Policy Agendas for State Support to Media: Rethinking Distribution of Governmental Public Welfare Advertisements in Nepal zLif{sdf cg';Gwfg ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . of]u]z /fh klg oxL cf=j= df ef/tsf] snsQfsf] aå{dfg ljZjljBfnon] cfof]hgf u/]sf] Oltxf;;DaGwL ;]ldgf/df sfo{kq k|:t't ug{ tyf kmf]8{ kmfpG8];gn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] bft[ ;+:yfx¿;Fusf] k|f/lDes a}7sdf efu lng ef/tsf] k'0f] hfg'eof] . To:t}, of]u]z /fhn] g]kfM :s"n ckm ;f];n ;fOG;]; PG8 Xo'dflgl6hn] k|bfg u/]sf] Ps jif]{ jl/i7 cg';Gwfg k]mnf]l;k k|fKt ug'{eof] . of] k]mnf]l;ksf] cjlw ;g\ @)!$ l8;]Da/ ! b]lv @)!$ gf]e]Da/ #) ;Dd /x]sf] 5 . pxfF pQm k]mnf]l;kcGtu{t Violent Structuration of Society: Lynching and other extreme collective zLif{sdf cg';Gwfg ub}{ x'g'x'G5 k|fKt ug'{eof] .

dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln]] snf;DaGwL ljifodf ;xsfo{ ug]{ p2]Zon] n;gf nfOe cf6{ xanfO{ cfˆgf] k|f+u0fdf hUuf pknAw u/fpg] sfdnfO{ o;jif{ klg lg/Gt/tf lbOof] . s]xL jif{b]lv dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] cfˆgf] k|sfzgsf] ahf/ k|jå{g lxdfn lstfadfkm{t ub{}cfPsf]df oxL cf=j= df lxdfn ;Fusf] s/f/ ;dfKt ePkl5 To;sf] gjLs/0f ul/Pg . Tof] eGbf pko'Qm cGo ljsNkx¿ vf]hL tyf k/LIf0f ug]{ p2]Zon] o;f] ul/Psf] lyof] . To;cg'¿k rf}tf/Ln] cfˆgf] k|sfzgx¿sf] :6s lSno/]G; ug]{ p2]Zon] ljleGg k':ts k;nx¿;Fu ;Dks{ u/L s]xL a9L -%) k|ltzt;Dd_ 5'6df k':tsx¿ ahf/df k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . gofF cf=j= df dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] cfˆgf]

17

k|sfzgsf] ljt/0f sfo{ ljt/sdfk{mt g} ug]{ of]hgf 5 . o; qmddf k'/fg} ljt/s lxdfn;Fu g} s'/fsfgL eO/x]sf] 5 .

o; cf=j=df dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] cfkm"n] ub}{cfPsf] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ljleGg JolQm tyf ;+:yfx¿;dIf cfly{s ;xof]usf nflu lgj]bg lbPsf] lyof] . h;cg'¿k oxL cf=j= df Ford Foundation gfds ;+:yfaf6 Connected Futures: Framing Interventions to Universal Connectivity in Nepal k|f]h]S6, Foundation Open society Institute gfds ;+:yfaf6 Promoting Public Debate on Higher Education Reforms in Nepal through Research and Public Interactions k|f]h]S6df sfd ug{ cg'bfg k|fKt eof] eg] ef/tLo /fhb'tfjf;nfO{ a'´fPsf] k|:tfjdf :jLs[t eP/ b'OkIfLo x:tfIf/ x'g afFsL 5 . oxL cf=j= df ;dfh lj1fg;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ dfl6{g rf}tf/L / P;Pgle÷;km{ aLr s/f/ ul/of] . g];gn OG8fpd]G6 km/ 8]df]qm];L, o'P;cfOkL, l8lkm8, UNDEF / INET nfO{ lbPsf] lgj]bg eg] ;kmn x'g ;s]g . To;} u/L lkmlg; /fhb'tfjf;nfO{ a'´fOPsf] lgj]bg ;dofjlw ;lsPkl5 a'´fOPsf] eGb} s'g} hjfkm cfPg . c8 xˆ6gsf] hLjgL 5fKg gj{]lhog /fhb'tfjf;nfO{ a'´fOPsf] lgj]bg klg ;kmn x'g ;s]g . g];gn OG8fpd]G6 km/ 8]df]qm];Ldf ;+ljwfg;ef;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug{ a'emfOPsf] kl5Nnf] k|:tfjsf] eg] lg0f{o x'g afFsL 5 . To:t}, 8flg8f k]mnf]l;k ;]G6/df a'emfOPsf] lj:t[t k|:tfj 5gf]6 eO{ To;df s]xL ;'emfjx¿ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ h;sf] hafkm @)!$ h'nfO{sf] cGt;Dddf k7fO;Sg'kg]{5 . To;kl5 dfq pQm k|:tfjsf] clGtd lg0f{o x'g]5 . dfl6{g rf}tf/L / k|:tfljt 8f]/ kmfp08];gn] 8f]/axfb'/ lji6;DaGwL sfd ug]{ eg]/ agfPsf] of]hgfcg';f/ k|:tfljt 8f]/ kmfp08];gaf6 bf];|f] / t];|f] ls:tf:j¿k afFsL ;Q/L xhf/ k|fKt eof] . To;} u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnodf a'emfOPsf] lgj]bgsf] hjfkmdf cfufdL cf=j= sf nflu ?= ! nfv rf}tf/LnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 . lzIff dGqfno, pk]Gb| dxtf], ;'Gb/dl0f bLlIft;dIf ;xof]usf nflu a'emfOPsf] lgj]bgsf] s'g} hjfkm k|fKt ePsf] 5}g .

ut cf=j=df rf}tf/Lsf] sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ljleGg JolQm tyf ;+:yfaf6 sf]if pknAw u/fpg ;'? ul/Psf] Fund Raising Campaign nfO{ of] jif{ klg lg/Gt/tf lbOof] . o;cGtu{t of] cf=j= df ?= ###,%#@=!@ ?k}ofF dfq ;+sng x'g ;Sof] . ut cf=j=df rf}tf/Lsf] sf]/ csfpG6af6 ?= ^% nfv n'lDagL a}+sdf d'2tL lgIf]ksf] ¿kdf hDdf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{nfO{ of] cf=j= df klg lg/Gt/tf lbOof] .

sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx¿aLr ;fd'lxs efjgf j[l4 ug{ / sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ dgf]/~hg k|bfg ug{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf cltl/Qm lqmofsnfkx¿ eg] o; jif{ klg x'g ;s]g .

o; cfly{s jif{df rf}tf/Lsf] sfo{sf/L ;ldltn] tLg hgf JolQmx¿ tLy{ lji6, /fdaxfb'/ s]=;L / of]u]z /fd ld>nfO{ gofF ;b:otf k|bfg u¥of] . k'/fgf ;b:o c?0f kf}8]nn] rf}tf/L ;b:otf gjLs/0f gu/]sf] / af/Daf/ ;Dks{ ug{ vf]Hbf ;Dks{ x'g g;s]sfn] pxfFsf] ;b:otf vf/]h ul/of] .

*= cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg

dfl6{g rf}tf/Ldf 5'§} cf}krfl/s lsl;dsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg PsfO{ 5}g . t/, cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg kmf]sn k;{gsf] ¿kdf ldl8of cg';Gwfg PsfO{sf ;+of]hs b]j/fh x'dfufO{+nfO{ tf]lsPsf] 5, h;åf/f ljleGg PsfO{;Fu ;dGjo u/L jflif{s sfo{of]hgf / ah]6 (AWAB) df pNn]v ePsf nIo tyf lqmofsnfkx¿ s] slt ;DkGg eP / slt afFsL 5g\ eGg] af/]sf] q}dfl;s k|ult k|ltj]bg cBfjlws ug]{ tyf ljleGg PsfO{ tyf ;DalGwt zfvfsf cg';Gwfg lgb]{zsx¿;dIf k|:t't ug]{ sfd x'G5 . ;f]xL q}dfl;s k|ltj]bgx¿sf cfwf/df cfly{s jif{sf] dWofjlwdf jflif{s sfo{of]hgf / ah]6 kl/dfh{g ug]{, jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ / rf}tf/Lsf] jflif{s cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg k|m]djs{ cBfjlws ug]{ sfd ul/G5 .

To:t}, x/]s PsfO{sf lqmofsnfksf] cgf}krfl/s 9+un] cg'udg ug]{ ;+oGq x'G5 . jflif{s sfo{of]hgf tof/ ul/Fbf rf}tf/Lsf ljleGg PsfO{nfO{ cfˆgf] ;d"xleq 5nkmn u/L cfpg] jif{e/L ug]{ sfo{sf] of]hgf k]z

18

ug{ elgG5 . ;a} PsfO{n] a'emfPsf] sfo{of]hgfdfly 5nkmn u/L ltgsf] pkof]lutf, cfjZostf / ;DefJotfdfly 5nkmn ul/G5 . 5nkmnkZrft\ ltgdf cfjZos sfF65fF6kl5 jflif{s sfo{of]hgf aG5 . /, ;f]xLcg'¿k ah]6 agfOG5 . sfo{of]hgf tof/ eO{ :jLs[t ePkl5 PsfO{x¿n] cf–cfˆgf PsfO{af6 jif{ e/L ;DkGg ul/g] sfo{qmdx¿ s'g ;dodf, s;/L / s;n] ug]{ eGg] sfof{Gjog of]hgfsf] k]mxl/:t tof/ ub{5g\ .

;a} PsfO{n] cfk}Fmn] sfo{qmd to ug]{ / ;f] sfof{Gjogsf] of]hgf klg cfk}Fmn] lgdf{0f ug]{ x'gfn] ;dodf u'0f:t/o'Qm sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ bfloTj ;du|df ;DalGwt PsfO{sf] /xG5 . /, ;DkGg ug{ g;s]df ;f]sf] hjfkmb]xL klg ;DalGwt PsfO{ g} x'G5 . ;DalGwt PsfO{sf ljleGg sd{rf/L tyf cg';Gwfgstf{x¿nfO{ cf=j=sf] ;'?df ;Demf}tf ubf{ lbOPsf] TOR tyf ;DalGwt PsfO{sf] of]hgfcg';f/ sfo{ eO/x]sf] jf x'g g;s]sf]af/] dlxgfsf] sDtLdf b'O{k6s h:tf] ;DalGwt PsfO{sf ;+of]hssf] pkl:yltdf PsfO{leq 5nkmn x'g] ub{5 . pQm 5nkmndf cufl8 ga9]sf] sfdsf] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ 3R3Rofpg] tyf cufl8 s;/L hfg] eGg] ljifodf cNksfnLg of]hgf agfOG5 . sfdsf] k|s[lt tyf cj:yf d"Nof+sg ub}{ k"j{of]hgfdf kl/dfh{g ug'{kg]{ ePdf ;a}sf] ;xdltdf kl/dfh{g ul/G5 . rf}tf/Lsf ljleGg PsfO{x¿ ;]/f tfdfª, k|To"if jGt / of]u]z /fhnfO{ efu nufP/ To;sf] lgoldt cg'udgsf] lhDdf lbOPsf] 5 . ;]/f tfdfªsf] dftxtdf nf]stGq / zf;gk4lt tyf ldl8of PsfO{Ù k|To"if jGtsf] dftxtdf lzIff, k':tsfno, 5nkmn / k|sfzg PsfO{ /x]sf 5g\ . To:t}, d]6]l/on 6«fG;kmd]{;gG;;DaGwL PsfO{sf] lhDdf of]u]z /fhnfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . pgLx¿n] cf–cfˆgf] dftxtsf PsfO{sf] sfdsf] lg/Gt/ cg'udg ug]{ l;nl;nfdf PsfO{x¿;Fu af]8{n] lgoldt e]63f6 / 5nkmn ul//xg], k|ultaf/] ;f]wk'5 ul//xg] x'gfn] ;a}nfO{ cfk"mn] /f]h]sf] sfd / tf]s]sf] ;doleq ;DkGg ug{ ;b}j bafa /xG5 .

tLg–tLg dlxgfdf tof/ ul/g] k|ult k|ltj]bgsf cnfjf ;do ;dodf ljleGg PsfO{cGtu{t ePsf sfdsf] cfGtl/s ;dLIff u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg]{ sfd klg ul/G5 . ldl8of cWoog hg{nsf] cf7 c+s;Ddsf] cfGtl/s ;dLIff k|ltj]bg o;sf] j]a;fO6df /flvPsf] 5 -x]g'{xf];\ M http://martinchautari.org.np/files/ Eight-Years-of-Media-Journal_20May2014.pdf) . To:t}, rf}tf/Lsf] k':tsfnoaf/] ut cfly{s jif{df ul/Psf] cWoogsf cfwf/df o; cf=j=df k|ltj]bg tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . o:tf ;dLIffx¿af6 ljutdf u/]sf sfdx¿ kms]{/ x]g]{ / ePsf sdLsdhf]/L ;RofP/ cl3 a9\g] cj;/ k|fKt x'G5 .

rf}tf/Lsf ;a} sfo{ ;fj{hlgs x'g] / cem rf}tf/Ln] ;b}j cfˆgf sfo{sf] ;fj{hlgs d"Nof+sg xf]cf];\ eGb} cfPsf] 5 . ljleGg JolQmTjx¿n] ;fj{hlgs ;ef–;df/f]xdf, klqsfdf dfl6{g rf}tf/Laf/] ljleGg cj;/ tyf d~rdf cleJoQm u/]sf ljrf/, rf}tf/Lsf k|sfzgdfly ul/Psf ;dLIff / l6Kk0fLnfO{ klg cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf qmddf Wofg lbg] ul/Psf] 5 .

rf}tf/Ln] cgf}krfl/s z}nLdf ljutb]lv ub}{cfPsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf] dfly plNnlvt tl/sfsf cnfjf 8flg8f x'uf]sf] kfFr jif]{ /0fgLlts ;fe]mbf/ ePkl5 ;f] bft[ ;+:yfsf] cfu|xdf cf}krfl/s lsl;dsf] ;+oGq tof/ u/L To;nfO{ nfu" ug]{ u/]sf] klg 5 . To;sf] l;nl;nfdf tof/ kfl/Psf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg 9fFrf -M&E Framework) nfO{ pQm ;+:yfsf] ;'emfjsf cfwf/df clGtd ¿k lbP/ Pp6f ;+:yfut 8s'd]G6 tof/ ePsf] 5 . pQm 9fFrfcg';f/ @)^%÷)^^ nfO{ cfwf/ jif{ agfO{ kfFrjif{ -@)^^÷)^& b]lv @)&)÷)&! ;Dd_ sf] dfl6{g rf}tf/Lsf] x/]s jif{sf] nIo -target) lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5, h'g ;+VofTds ePsfn] nIocg';f/ slt sfd eof] jf ePg eg]/ x]g{ ;lsG5 . o; jif{ klg ut jif{ h:t} 5nkmn tyf ;Dd]ng cfof]hgfsf ;Gbe{df M&E Framework df lnOPsf] jflif{s nIosf] glhs k'luPsf] 5 . k|sfzgsf ;Gbe{df eg] sltko nlIft k':ts jf gLltkq k|sfzg x'g ;s]gg\ -x]g'{xf];\ o;} k|ltj]bgsf] bf];|f] v08_ .

ljut jif{x¿df 8flg8f x'uf] ;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf rf}tf/Ln] u/]sf] sfdsf] ;+o'Qm jflif{s d"Nof+sg (Joint Annual Review) ug]{ ul/Psf] lyof] . ut cfly{s jif{df 8flg8f x'uf];Fusf] ;fe]mbf/L clGtd jif{ ePsf]n] ;fem]bf/Ls} Psd'i6 d"Nof+sg eof] . ut cfly{s jif{sf] ;dfKtLkZrft\ rf}tf/L / 8flg8f x'uf]aLrsf] ;fe]mbf/Lsf] -rf/ jif]{_ d"Nof+sg ug{sf nflu rf}tf/Ln] Organization Development Center (ODC) df

19

cfj4 k/fdz{bftf O/f >]i7nfO{ 5gf]6 u/]sf] lyof] . pxfFn] ug'{ePsf] d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bgsf] klxnf] d:of}bf gf]e]Da/ @)!# df lbg'ePsf] lyof] . To;nfO{ rf}tf/Lsf] sfo{sf/L ;ldltsf k|ltlglw, sd{rf/Lx¿n] cWoog u/L rf}tf/Lsf] tk{maf6 k|bfg ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . rf}tf/L tyf 8flg8f x'uf]sf tk{maf6 lbOPsf ljleGg r/0fsf] ;'emfjsf cfwf/df ;f] k|ltj]bgnfO{ dfr{ @)!$ df clGtd ¿k lbOPsf] lyof] . %& k]hsf] cg';"rL;lxt s"n !!$ k[i7sf] ;f] k|ltj]bgdf rf}tf/Ln] rf/ jif{sf] nIo, p2]Zo tyf of]hgf s] slt xfl;n ug{ ;Sof], o;nfO{ ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] s] s:tf] d"Nof+sg u/], tyf rf}tf/Ln] cfk"mnfO{ bLuf] ¿kdf l6sfpgsf nflu s] s;/L cufl8 a9\g' cfjZos 5 eGg] kIfaf/] lj:t[t rrf{ 5 . rf}tf/Ln] ul//x]sf] cg';Gwfgd'vL sfdnfO{ ljleGg k|fl1s If]qsf JolQmTjx¿n] pRr d"Nof+sg u/]sf], rf}tf/L g]kfnsf] jt{dfg kl/j]zdf kl/jt{gsf] lgs} dxTjk"0f{ afxs ePsf], o;sf ultljlwaf6 cg';Gwfg If]qdf nfu]sf jf nfUg rfxg] JolQmx¿n] nfe lnO/x]sf]n] o:tf] ;+:yfsf] :yfloTj clt dxTjk"0f{ 5 eGg] ;f] k|ltj]bgsf] lgisif{ 5 . oBlk, k|fl1s cg';Gwfgdf s]lGb|t o;sf ultljlwsf sf/0f clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf rf}tf/Ln] ug]{ lqmofsnfk g]kfndf sfd ul//x]sf jf ug{ rfxg] bft[;+:yfsf] k|fyldstfdf gkg]{ x'gfn] g} o;n] cfly{s ;+s6 a]xf]g'{k/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . To;}n] cfly{s ¿kdf l6Sgsf nflu of t j}slNks ;|f]tsf] klxrfg u/L To;tk{m kxn ug'{kg]{ cyjf ljsf;] k|s[ltsf sfdx¿df klg cfk"mnfO{ ;l/s u/fpFb} cfk\mgf] cg';Gwfgd'vL rl/qnfO{ Totflt/af6 cfly{s ¿kdf e/y]u ub}{ bLuf]kg lbg'kg]{ ;'emfj ;f] k|ltj]bgdf lbOPsf] 5 . yf]/} afx]s rf}tf/Ln] jflif{s of]hgfcg';f/ ug]{ eg]sf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;dodf ;DkGg u/]sf] x'Fbfx'Fb} klg kfFr jif]{ /0fgLlts of]hgf / cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg 9fFrfdf pNn]v ul/Psf nIo, p2]Zo tyf ck]lIft kl/0ffdnfO{ dfks agfP/ x]bf{ rflxF tL;Fu lqmofsnfksf] jf rf}tf/Ln] u/]sf of]ubfgsf] Tolt tfbfTDotf gb]lvPsf] k|ltj]bgsf] lgisif{ 5 . csf]{ zAbdf eGg'kbf{ rf}tf/Ln] /0fgLlts of]hgfdf pNn]v u/]sf] nIo jf To;df plNnlvt ljleGg ;"rsnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ x]bf{ o;sf lqmofsnfkx¿af6 s] kl/0ffd k|fKt eof] eg]/ k|:6 b]vfpg g;lsPsf] s'/fnfO{ k|ltj]bgdf rf}tf/Lsf] sdhf]/Lsf ¿kdf cf}+NofOPsf] 5 .

(= dfl6{g rf}tf/Lsf lqmofsnfksf] ;fj{hlgs rrf{ / k|efj

dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] cfof]hgf u/]sf ljleGg 5nkmn / o; ;+:yfn] k|sfzg u/]sf k':ts, hg{n / gLltkq cflbsf ljifoaf/] 5fkfdfWod, / cGo ldl8ofdf ;dfrf/, lkmr/ n]v, ;dLIff / SofK;g;lxt kmf]6fx¿ k|sflzt eP . sflGtk'/, b sf7df08' kf]i6, gful/s, l/klAnsf, g]kfn ;dfrf/kq, cGgk"0f{ kf]i6, gofF klqsf, / uf]/vfkqh:tf /fli6«o b}lgsn] rf}tf/Ln] cfof]hgf u/]sf 5nkmn, ;]ldgf/, ;Dd]ng / o; ;+:yfn] k|sfzg u/]sf ljleGg k':ts, hg{n / gLltkqsf af/]df ;dfrf/ lbPsf 5g\ . To;} u/L cGt/f{li6«o hg{nx¿df klg dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] k|sflzt u/]sf k':tsx¿af/] ;dLIff eP -x]g'{xf];\ cg';'rL $_ .

of] cf=j=df dfl6{g rf}tf/Lsf] k|sfzgaf/] ldl8ofdf /fd|} rrf{ eof] . rf}tf/Ln] k|sfzg u/]sf] g]kfnL Dofu]lhgsf @% jif{ k':tsaf/] k|fWofks kL= v/]n, h'gf/afa' a:g]t / Clifs]z bfxfnn] ;dLIff u/] . o; k':tsnfO{ v/]nn] …cndnaLrsf] k|sfzgÚ eGb} …:yfoL ;Dkfbs / lgoldt sndhLaLafx]s cGo x:tLsf] clwstd ;xof]u ;fd]n x'g ;s] yk gofF ;f]r, ljrf/ / l;h{gfsf] ;Defjgf a9\5 eGg] ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ . a:g]tn] …Dofu]lhgsfl/tfsf] cWoog ug{ rfxg]sf nflu k':tsn] gofF dfu{ b]vfPsf] 5Ú / C[lifs]z bfxfnn] …g]kfnsf] Dofu]lhgsfl/tfsf s]xL k|j[lt a'em\g pkof]uL 5 Ú egL l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ . rf}tf/Laf6 k|sflzt h]aL ljZjsdf{ lnlvt k':ts g]kfnL ldl8ofdf blntsf af/]df /w'gfy nfld5fg]sf] ;dLIff gful/s b}lgsdf 5flkof] . ;~rf/df blnt ljdz{ zLif{sdf k|sflzt o; ;dLIffn] k':tsnfO{ …===cGo If]qdf blntsf] kx'Fr lgofNb} ;~rf/ dfWooddf pgLx¿sf] pkl:ylt / ;fy{s e"ldsf vf]Hg] k|oTgÚ eg] . rf}tf/Laf6 k|sflzt ePsf] tfT;'/f] km'lhs'/fsf] …l8:sf];{]; ckm cj]/g]; M 8]enkd]G6, ;f];n d'ed]G6 P08 b k|flS6; ckm lk|m8d Og g]kfnÚ sf af/]df ;dLIff ub}{ bLks cof{nn] …ljsf;sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhgLlts tyf k|e'TjjfbL rl/q a'em\g rfxg]x¿sf nflu of] lstfj pTs[i6 v'/fs x'g ;S5Ú eg]/ n]v] . of]u]z /fhsf] ;GWof ;+/rgf M lxGb"g]jf/x¿sf] d[To'r]tgf sf af/]df lxdfn va/klqsfdf Pp6f ;dLIff 5flkof] . pQm ;dLIffdf o; k':tsnfO{ … === ;dfhzf:q, g]t[Tj, Oltxf;, dgf]ljZn]if0f cflbsf ljBfyL{ tyf uDeL/ cWo]tfx¿sf nflu of] s[lt Pp6f b'n{e pkxf/ eP/ cfPsf] 5Ú egL pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . ;~hLj pk|]tLn] ;dsfnLg ;flxTodf rf}tf/Ln]

20

s]xL jif{cl3 k'gMk|sflzt u/]sf] dfs{ lnS6Lsf] k':ts l:j6]anL df]8g{ sf af/]df cfkm\gf wf/0ff k:sFb} o; k':tsn] jfdljZn]ifx¿n] eGg] u/]sf] dWod ju{sf af/]df vf;} s]xL rrf{ gu/]sf] eGb} cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . olt xF'bfFx'b} klg of] k':ts ;dfhzf:qLb]lv lnP/ ;flxTo÷;+:s[ltsf ;a} cWo]tfx¿sf lglDt pkof]uL 5 eGg] pk|]tLsf] dt 5 . Werner Menski n] ;fpy Pl;og l/;r{ ##-#_ df ;Ls] nfnåf/f lnlvt g]kfnLo x'gnfO{ sf] ;dLIff u/]sf lyP . o;/L clwsf+z ;dLIfsx¿n] rf}tf/Ln] k|sfzg u/]sf k':tsx¿nfO{ …dxTjk"0f{Ú / …pkof]uLÚ atfPsf 5g\ .

o;afx]s rf}tf/Ln] lgsfn]sf k':ts / cfof]hgf u/]sf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ p4[t ub}{ ljleGg n]vs tyf kqsf/x¿n] n]v jf ;dfrf/ n]v]sf 5g\ . k|fWofks cle ;'j]bLn] rf}tf/Lsf] k':ts Onf]Sj]G6 lxN;sf] af/]df sf7df8f}Fdf ul/Psf] 5nkmnnfO{ lnP/ sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf …k|efj, dfOs / ;fFemÚ zLif{sdf n]v n]v]sf lyP . To;} u/L h]D; Zof/f]sn] b sf7df8f}+ kf]i6df, cr{gf yfkfn] n=ln6=df rf}tf/Ln] k|sfzg u/]sf k':tssf] rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ . To;} u/L dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lgoldt ¿kdf cfof]hgf ug]{ of]Ë l/;r{;{ sGkm/]G;sf af/]df b sf7df8f}+ kf]i6n] lkmr/ agfP/ k|sfzg u/]sf] lyof] -x]g'{xf];\ cg';"rL $_ .

;fj{hlgs 5nkmn, cg';Gwfg / cg';GwfgfTds s[ltsf] k|sfzg ug]{ ;+:yfsf ¿kdf dfl6{g rf}tf/Lsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9\bf] 5 . xfdLn] k|sflzt u/]sf s]xL ;fdu|LnfO{ ljleGg ljZjljBfnon] cfk\mgf kf7\oqmdx¿df ;|f]t ;fdu|Lsf] ;"rLdf ;d]6]sf 5g\ . To:t} ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx¿n] rf}tf/L;Fu ;fem]bf/L u/]/ ;+o'Qm ultljlwx¿ ug{ ?lr b]vfPsf 5g\ . tbg'¿k ljleGg ;+:yfx¿;Fu cg';Gwfg tyf 5nkmnsf] l;nl;nfdf ljleGg lsl;dsf ;xsfo{x¿n] o; cfly{s jif{df klg lg/Gt/tf kfof] .

rf}tf/Ln] lgsfn]sf k':ts jf oxfFaf6 pTkflbt cg';Gwfgd"ns n]vx¿ lq=lj= / dWoklZrdf~rn ljZjljBfnosf ljleGg kf7\oqmddf ;|f]t ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf ;dfj]z x'g] qmd la:tf/} a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . h:tf], xfdLn] clxn];Dd yfxf kfPsfdWo] lq=lj=sf] Pdlkmn ;dfhzf:q, Pdlkmn c+u|]hL, Pd=P= ;dfhzf:q÷dfgjzf:qdf tyf dWoklZrdf~rn ljZjljBfnosf] aL=P tyf Pd=P= txsf] kf7\oqmddf klg rf}tf/Laf6 k|sflzt ljleGg k':tsx¿ kf7\o ;fdu|L jf ;|f]t ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf /flvPsf 5g\ .

dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] ul//x]sf] cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] k|of]u ljZjljBfnoeGbf aflx/ klg eO/x]sf] 5 . 8r ;xfotf lgof]ucGtu{tsf] ;k{msf] cfly{s ;xof]udf k|sflzt g]kfndf Oltxf; lzIff / cg';Gwfgaf/] of]u]z /fh / k|To"if jGtn] u/]sf] cg';Gwfgdf k|of]u ul/Psf] tYof+s klqsfdf c¿n] klg p4[t ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu !& h'g ;g\ @)!$ sf] b sf7df8f}F kf]i6df g]kfndf Oltxf; k9\g] ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vof 36\b} uPsf]af/] ;dfrf/df o;/L tYof+s k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . o;n] g]kfndf Oltxf; cWoogaf/] rf}tf/Lsf] cWoog k|efjsf/L / ljZj;gLo /x]sf] b]vfpF5 .

g]kfndf ;dfh lj1fgsf] ljsf;sf nflu ;dfh lj1fg cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\sf] cfjZostfaf/] dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lg/Gt/ cfjfh p7fO/x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ Wofg lbO{ o; cf=j=df k|:tfljt ;dfh lj1fg cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ g]kfnsf] /f0fgLlts of]hgf agfpg] sfo{df dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] klg ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . 8f= lktfDa/ zdf{, 8f= afnuf]kfn j}B / 8f= åfl/sfgfy 9'+u]nåf/f tof/ kfl/Psf] d:of}bfdfly rf}tf/Lsf lj1x¿n] l6Kk0fL u/]sf lyP h;sf sf/0f Tof] /0fgLlts of]hgf kl/dfh{g ug{ d2t k'u]sf] lyof] . rf}tf/Laf6 lbOPsf w]/} l6Kk0fL ;Daf]wg eO{ of] /0fgLlts of]hgf ;dfh lj1fg cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ tby{ ;ldltaf6 k|sflzt eO;s]sf] 5 .

dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] ;/sf/L gLlt tyf of]hgfsf d:of}bfdfly klg 5nkmn / ax; ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . of] cf=j=df rf}tf/Ln] pRrlzIff gLlt / ;"rgf k|ljlw dfu{lrqsf d:of}bfaf/] 5nkmn dfq cfof]hgf u/]g, oL b'j} d:of}bfaf/] a[xt\ ;d"xdf ax; ug]{ p2]Zon] /fli6«o b}lgs klqsfdf n]v klg k|sflzt u¥of] . b]j]Gb pk|]tL, k|df]b e§ / k|To"if jGtåf/f lnlvt …;dLIffdf pRrlzIff gLltÚ zLif{ssf] n]v @)&! c;f/ @^ Dff sflGtk'/df 5flkPsf] lyof] . To; n]vsf] ;dy{g ub}{ / o:tf gLltaf/] ;fj{lhgs ax; x'g cfjZos ePsf] ts{;lxt ef]lnkN6 Ps hgf kf7sn] pQm klqsfdf kq n]v]sL lyOg\ . To:t} ;g\ @)!$ h'g @% df b sf7df8f}F kf]i6df of]u]z /fhsf] …/f]8Dofk 6' gf] xf]o/Ú zLif{ssf] n]v 5flkPsf] lyof] . pQm n]v g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L ug{ nfu]sf]

21

;"rgf k|ljlw dfu{lrqdfly s]lGb|t lyof] . o:tf lqmofsnfkaf6 dfl6{g rf}tf/LnfO{ cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t 5nkmn ug]{ …kf]ln;L OlGi6Ro"6‘ sf] ¿kdf klg lrlgg yfn]sf] 5 .

dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] kl5Nnf] ;dodf cfˆgf] sfdsf] k|s[ltnfO{ Wofg lbFb} o:t} sfd ug]{ ;+:yfx¿ To;df klg ljz]iftM ljZjljBfno;Fusf] ;xsfo{nfO{ hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . sf7df8f}F ljZjljBfnosf] efiff tyf cfd;~rf/ ljefu, g]kfn OlGhlgol/ª sn]h / Go"Sof;n o'lgel;{6L h:tf ljZjljBfno;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ljleGg sfd ePsf] 5 . ;fy} dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] g]kfn kfln;L l/;{r g]6js{, ;fpy Pl;of OlG:6Ro'6 ckm P8efG; :6l8h, g]kfn d]G6n x]Ny kmfpG8];g, g]kfM :s"n, ;f];n ;fOG; axfM, sf7df8f}F ljZjljBfno, rf}v6 h:tf ;+:yf;Fusf] ;xsfo{df 5nkmn, sfo{zfnf tyf ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sf] 5 .

!)= sfo{ ;ldlt

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22

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Martin Chautari’s Regular Discussion (Fiscal Year 2013- 2014) Sunday Research Seminar 21 July 2013 Policy Discussion Series (Jointly Organized with Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies and Nepal Policy Research Network) Post 2015 Development Agenda and Challenges for Nepal Dr. Madhav Karki, Institute for Social and Environmental Transition, Nepal (ISET-Nepal) 28 July 2013 Life and Works of Tirtha Lal Na:gha:bhani Dr. Chunda Bajracharya, Tribhuvan University; Kashinath Tamot, Nepal Research Centre and Malla K. Sundar 4 August 2013 How to Write History of Nepali Magazines? Harsha Man Maharjan and Arjun Panthi, Martin Chautari 18 August 2013 The Impact of the Political Transition on Nepal's Foreign Policy Shiva Prasad Tiwari, Independent Researcher 11 August 2013 Federalism and Development: Which Model is Better? Dr. Mahendra Lawoti, Western Michigan University, USA 25 August 2013 Policy Discussion Series (Jointly Organized with Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies and Nepal Policy Research Network) Intellectuals' Engagement in Policy Reform in Nepal: An Experience of 1990 Liberalization Policy Dr. Bhola Nath Chalise, Economist/Former Secretary, Government of Nepal 1 Sept 2013 Twenty Eight Years of SAARC: What Does It Say about Regional Cooperation in South Asia? Prem Raj Khanal, University of Northampton, UK 8 Sept 2013 Protest Movements in India and Nepal: A Study of Nirbhaya and Occupy Baluwatar Movements Dr. Anjoo Sharan Upadhyaya, Banaras Hindu University/Central Department of Political Science, Tribhuvan University 15 Sept 2013 Women in Nepali Academia Sudha Tripathi and Neeti Aryal Khanal, Tribhuvan University; and Ekku Maya Pun, Kathmandu University

23

22 Sept 2013 History Discussion Series (Jointly Organized with History Association of Nepal and Central Department of History, Tribhuvan University Changes in Landscape of Kathmandu: Vision from Photographic History of Nepal Ganesh Rai (Sarad), Independent Researcher 29 Sept 2013 Education, Employment and Transition: The 'Marginalised' Experience in Nepal Shrochis Karki, University of Oxford, UK 6 Oct 2013 Use of Archives in Academia and Beyond Prakash Darnal, National Archives and Deepak Aryal, Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya 27 Oct 2013 Policy Discussion Series (Jointly organized with Nepal Policy Research Network and Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies) Why are Inclusion Policies in Nepal Ineffective? What could be the Way Forward? Dipendra Jha, Advocate 10 Nov 2013 Legal Scholarship in Nepal Dr. Yubraj Sangroula, Kathmandu School of Law and Dr. Bipin Adhikari, Nepal Consulting Lawyers, Inc 17 Nov 2013 Jumla Expedition: Memories of Dor Bahadur Bista and His Karnali Institute John Hames, Studio Without Walls (http://studiowithoutwalls.com) 24 Nov 2013 Retention of Nurses in Rural Nepal: How Can Health Sector Decentralization Help? Dr. Joanna Morrison, University College London, UK 1 Dec 2013 Policy Discussion Series (jointly organized by MC, Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies and Nepal Policy Research Network) Research for Policy Making in Complex Areas Like Climate Change and Food Security in Nepal: Some Reflections Jagannath Adhikari, Australian National University, Australia/Martin Chautari 8 Dec 2013 Projection of Chepangs Identities in Their Literary Texts Dr. Rishiram Adhikari, Nepal Sanskrit University 15 Dec 2013 Review of Martin Chautari’s Media Adhyayan Journal (Volume 1 - 8) Tilak Pathak, Journalist 22 Dec 2013 Democratic Reforms, "Democratic" Resistance and the Lengthening of the Transition Dr. Mahendra Lawoti, Western Michigan University, USA 29 Dec 2013 Policy Discussion Series (Jointly organized with Nepal Policy Research Network and Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies) Lessons from the Nepali Peace Process Geja Sharma Wagle, Nepal Institute for Policy Studies

24

5 Jan 2014 Study of Prajnaparamita Text Recitation Ritual: Cultural Implications of an Event Bikash Gnawali, Martyr Ramnath Memorial College 12 Jan 2014 Migration and Coping Strategies: A Study of Indian Migrant Flutesellers in Kathmandu Man Kumari Thada, Prabin Nanicha Shrestha and Shivadhar Mahato; Independent Researchers 19 Jan 2014 Medical Practices and the Health Related Situation Then and Now (2026-2070v.s.): Personal Reflections Dr. Sundar Mani Dixit, Senior Physician 26 Jan 2014 Assessing the Effects of Remittances on Human Capital in Nepal Apoorva Lal, Williams College, USA 2 Feb 2014 Ban on Plastic Shopping Bags in Nepal: Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment Pramod Bhagat, Himalayan Climate Initiative 9 Feb 2014 Socio-structural Causes of Political Corruption in Nepal Dipesh Kumar Ghimire, Tri-chandra College 16 Feb 2014 Media’s Role in Transition to Democracy: The Situation in Post-conflict Nepal Nirmal Rijal, Equal Access 23 Feb 2014 Policy Discussion Series (Jointly Organized with Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies and Nepal Policy Research Network) Rise of Aam Aadmi Party in India: Parallels on the Possibilities of the Rise of Alternative Political Force in Nepal Barsha Paudel, Himal Southasia 2 March 2014 Transcending Norms through Speaking Amina Singh, Doctoral Student, Centre for Research in Learning and Change, University of Technology Sydney 9 March 2014 Livelihood-based Environmental Education in the Endogenous Development of Nepal Manita Shrestha, Doctoral Student, Tokyo Gakugei University, Japan 23 March 2014 What Women Face when going out from Home: Gendered Exclusionary Powers in Public Space in Kathmandu Seika Sato, PhD, Teikyo University, Japan 30 March 2014 Academic Writings on Women of Nepal, 1951-2014: A Reflection Surabhi Pudasaini, CHAUKHAT 6 April 2014 Livestock Management Practice and its Transformation at Nashon Jiban Poudel, Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, Tribhuvan University

25

13 April 2014 Policy Discussion Series (Jointly organized with Nepal Policy Research Network and Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies) Development Planning in the National Planning Commission: An Insider View Dr. Swoyambhu Man Amatya, Former Secretary, Government of Nepal 20 April 2014 / 7 Baisakh 2071 Policy Discussion Series (Jointly organized with Nepal Policy Research Network and Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies) Further Optimization of Upper Karnali Project: A Key to Energy Crisis and Prosperity Dr. Hari Prasad Pandit, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University 4 May 2014 Mapping Radical Politics in Post-1990 Nepal Bhaskar Gautam, Research Fellow, Kyoto University 11 May 2014 Policy Shifts in Financing Higher Education in Nepal Prem Poudel, Lecturer, Tribhuvan University 18 May 2014 Navigating Education: Education among Squatters in Kathmandu Reidun Faye, PhD Candidate, Bergen University College, Norway 25 May 2014 Death Ritual Practice among Hindu Chhetries at Kathmandu Valley Abhiyan KC, Central Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Tribhuvan University 1 June 2014 Restructuring Tribhuvan University: Personal Experiences Soorya Lal Amatya, Emeritus Professor, Tribhuvan University 8 June 2014 Promoting Psychosocial Health and Empowerment among Female Sex Workers in Kathmandu: A Pilot Peer Education Intervention Lauren M. Menger, Colorado State University, USA 15 June 2014 Feasibility of Grid-connected Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Kathmandu Maneeshika Madduri, Stanford University, USA 22 June 2014 25 Years in the Knowledge Enterprise: What have I Learned? Pratyoush Onta, Martin Chautari 6 July 2014 Village Making, Politics of ‘Ritual Time Compression’ and Dhimal Indigenous Activism Janak Rai, Tribhuvan University 13 July 2014 Public University in Nepal: Possibility of Formation Narendra Koirala, General Secretary, Community Campus Teachers’ Association

26

Mangalbaarey Discussion Series 16 July 2013 Mental Health Discussion Series (Jointly Organized with Nepal Mental Health Foundation) The Stigma of Mental Illness: Lived Experiences Nir Prakash Giri, Psychosocial Disability Rights Activist and Kundan Kafle, a Person Living with Psychosocial Disability 23 July 2013 Book Discussion Series "Propaganda"/"Popular" Books and their Market in Nepal Ajit Baral, Fine Print and Krishna Abiral, Writer/Journalist 30 July 2013 Art Discussion Series Anish Kapoor and Globalism Owen Duffy, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA 6 August 2013 Commercialization of Agricultural Products in Tarai Birendra B. Basnet, Buddha Air 13 August 2013 What is happening in Nepal? Electoral Constituency Delineation: What's All the Controversy About? Dambar Chemjong, Electoral Constituency Delineation Commission 20 August 2013 Impunity in Nepal and the Issues concerning the Disappeared Citizens Ram Kumar Bhandari, Committee for Social Justice /National Network of Families of the Disappeared Citizens 27 August 2013 Nepal's Sovereignty and Foreign Intervention Narayan Man Bijukchhe 'Rohit', Nepal Workers Peasants Party 3 Sept 2013 This Country is Yours: A Photographic Narrative of Social and Political Transformation in Nepal Surendra Lawoti, Ontario College of Art and Design University, Canada 10 Sept 2013 What is happening in Nepal? Securing Gains, Learning Lessons: From the Old to the New Constituent Assembly Khimlal Devkota, UCPN (Maoist) 17 Sept 2013 Accomplishments and Shortcomings of the Anthropological and Historical Research on the ‘People’s War’ in Nepal and its Aftermath Marie Lecomte-Tilouine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); John Whelpton, Historian; Deepak Thapa, Social Science Baha; CK Lal, Political Analyst and Kiyoko Ogura, Journalist (Discussion is jointly organized with Social Science Baha. The Presentations will be in English) 24 Sept 2013 Book Discussion Series Prakash A. Raj’s Maharaj Chandra Shamsherko Jivani Dr. Shaphalya Amatya, Historian and Prakash A. Raj, Author

27

1 Oct 2013 Writing Children’s Literature in Nepal Shashwat Parajuli, Writer 8 Oct 2013 What is happening in Nepal? Security Issues of Voters’ Data for Constituent Assembly Election Santa B. Basnet, Center for Research in Social Defense Technology (CRSDT/nec) 22 Oct 2013 Mental Health Discussion Series (Jointly Organized with Nepal Mental Health Foundation) Missing Category of Health: Teaching Mental Health at the School (Secondary) Level Obindra B. Chand, Center for Disability and Mental Health Studies (CDMHS) and Madhu Bilash Khanal, School Psychologist/Centre for Mental Health and Counseling-Nepal (CMC-Nepal) 26 Nov 2013 Knowledge Production beyond Academia On Epistemic Diversity in Poor Societies: A Case of Historiography in Post-1950 Nepal Yogesh Raj, Martin Chautari/Nepal Engineering College, Pokhara University Dependency on Producing Public Knowledge: An Experience from Post - 1990 Nepal Devendra Uprety, Martin Chautari Discussant: Pratyoush Onta, Martin Chautari 3 Dec 2013 Book Discussion Series Mohan Mainali’s Upallo Thalo Bimal Aarohi, Tri-Chandra College and Mohan Mainali, Author 10 Dec 2013 What is happening in Nepal? The Second Constituent Assembly Elections: What does it Mean for the Dalits, Janajatis, Madhesis and Women? Tula Narayan Shah, Nepal Madhesh Foundation; Yam Bahadur Kisan, Tribhuvan University; Shankar Limbu, Lawyer’s Association for Human Rights of Nepalese Indigenous People (LAHURNIP) and Kala Rai, Vote Kaslai? Netrilai! 17 Dec 2013 Mental Health Discussion Series (Jointly Organized with Nepal Mental Health Foundation) Prevalence of Common Mental Health Problems and Perceived Stigma in Nepal Ramesh Prasad Adhikari, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization-Nepal 24 Dec 2013 Book Discussion Series Sudheer Sharma’s Prayogshala: Nepali Sankraman ma Delhi, Darbar ra Maobadi Bishnu Sapkota, Political Analyst and Post Bahadur Basnet, Journalist 31 Dec 2013 Management of the "Peoples' Liberation Army": Trajectories of the Discharged and Voluntarily Retired Maoist Combatants Kailash Rai, Ramesh Rai and Shak Bahadur Budhathoki; Martin Chautari 7 Jan 2014 From Subjects to Citizens? Political Economy of Social Change in Rural Nepal Dr. Jeevan R. Sharma, University of Edinburgh, UK7 Jan 2014/ 23 Pus 2070

28

14 Jan 2014/30 Pus 2070 What is happening in Nepal? Road Expansion Drive in Kathmandu Valley: Where is it Heading? Bhaikaji Tiwari, District Commissioner, Kathmandu Valley Development Authority and Tirtha Koirala, Kantipur Television 21 Jan 2014 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All in Nepal: Possible by 2017? Ashutosh Tiwari, WaterAid Nepal 4 Feb 2014 Media Discussion Series Hydropower Development: Ground Realities Kumar Pandey, Independent Power Producers' Association, Nepal (IPPAN) 11 Feb 2014 What is happening in Nepal? Government Formation and Constitution Writing: Will the NC-UML Coalition Deliver? Agni Kharel, Leader, Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist−Leninist) 18 Feb 2014 Mental Health Discussion Series (Jointly Organized with Nepal Mental Health Foundation) Breaking the Chains of Stigma Matrika Devkota, Koshish 25 Feb 2014 Tribhuvan University Related Research Center CERID: Personal Reflections Dr. Krishna Chandra Sharma, CERID 4 March 2014 Biggest Killer of Women: Cervical Cancer in Nepal Dr. Aarati Shah, Cancer Specialists, Bir Hospital 11 March 2014 What is happening in Nepal? Structural Constraints of Women's Liberation Hisila Yami, UCPN(Maoist) 18 March 2014 Women in the Security Sector: Experiences and Challenges Parbati Thapa, former Deputy Inspector General 25 March 2014 My Body My Rights? : Labour Rights of Bar Girls Menuka Thapa, Raksha Nepal and Swastika Lama, Bar Dancer 1 April 2014 Current Challenges for Adivasi Societies: Lessons from Jharkhand Dr. Kaushik Ghosh, Shiv Nadar University, India/University of Texas at Austin, USA Discussant: Dr. Janak Rai, Tribhuvan University 8 April 2014 What is happening in Nepal? Left Polarization and the Upcoming Ninth General Convention of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist Leninist) Muma Ram Khanal, Political Analyst

29

15 April 2014 Book Discussion Series Shekhar Kharel’s Book Maile Nadekheka Hippi Narayan Dhakal, Writer 22 April 2014 Mental Health Discussion Series (Jointly Organized with Nepal Mental Health Foundation) How Could We Create Mental Health Policy and Act in Line with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Persons with Disability (CRPD)? Alpana Bhandari, American University Washington College of Law, US and Suderson Subedi, National Federation of the Disabled-Nepal 29 April 2014 Symptom Recognition to Diagnosis of Autism in Nepal Dr. Merina Shrestha, Teaching Hospital, Tribhuvan University and Rena Shrestha, Tribhuvan University 6 May 2014 Research Culture in Janajati Organizations in Post-1990 Nepal Arjun Limbu, Kirat Yakthung Chumlung, and Amrit Yonjan-Tamang, Independent Researcher 13 May 2014 What is happening in Nepal? Addressing the Past: Lessons from Post-Conflict Situations Jamie McGoldrick, UN Resident Coordinator 20 May 2014 Editing Literary Texts: Experiences of an Editor and Writer Buddisagar, Writer, Rajkumar Baniya, Nepal Magazine 27 May 2014 Laura Kunreuther’s Book Voicing Subjects: Public Intimacy and Mediation in Kathmandu (University of California Press, 2014): A Discussion with Author Laura Kunreuther, Bard College, USA 10 June 2014 Emerging from ‘The Darkness’: The Effect of Schooling Infrastructure on Education and Health Outcomes Vinish Shrestha, Emory University, USA 17 June 2014 The Creation of a Military Diaspora: The Gurkhas in the UK Jens Seeberg, Aarhus University, Denmark 24 June 2014 Women, Media and Socio-economic Aspect of Glamour Priyanka Karki, Actor and Rajan Nepal, Sukrabar 1 July 2014 Mental Health Discussion Series (Jointly Organized with Nepal Mental Health Foundation) Mental Health Service in Non-Medical Setting: A Case of Maryknoll Nepal Pravat Kiran Pradhan, Maryknoll Nepal 8 July 2014 Media Discussion Series Scope and Trends of Economic Journalism in Nepal Achyut Wagle, Economic Analyst

30

15 July 2014 Editing Academic Work: A Panel Discussion Bhim Narayan Regmi, Linguistic Society of Nepal; Mahesh Raj Maharjan, Freelance Editor and Devraj Humagain, Martin Chautari Additional Discussion 6 March 2014 Nepali Women's Experiences as Engineers Ratna Tara Baidya, Head of IT, Nepal Bangladesh Bank and Namita Pradhan, Engineer, Nepal Telecom 13 March 2014 Exploring forms of Expression: Hobby or Medium? Bima Kumari Dura, Folk Singer and Barta Gandarva, Gandarva Musician 20 March 2014 Defining Spaces within Social Movement: Sexual Minorities in Nepal Laxmi Ghalan, Mitini Nepal, Durga Thapa, Blue Diamond Society and Manjila Chaudhary, 'Hamro Sawal, Hamro Sahabhagita'/UNICEF 27 March 2014 Documentary Screening and Discussion Neeti Aryal Khanal's Documentry Buwa [Father] (Nepal, 12 min.) Neeti Aryal Khanal, Sociologist, Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, TU. 6 June 2014 Universal Connectivity Discussion Series (Jointly Organized with Centre for Research in Social Defense Technology) Information Technology Policies and Roadmaps of Nepal Subash Dhakal, Director, Department of Information Technology 11 July 2014 Universal Connectivity Discussion Series (Jointly Organized with Centre for Research in Social Defense Technology) Nepal Telecom: Evolution of Service and Technology Infrastructure Saligram Parajuli, Senior Engineer, Nepal Doorsanchar Company Ltd 14 July 2014 Relationship between Democracy and Technology: Myth and Reality of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) Santa Bahadur Basnet and Shailesh Pandey, Centre for Research in Social Defense Technology (CRSDT)-Nepal Engineering College; Birodh Rijal, Prabidhi Institute; and Yogesh Raj, Martin Chautari.

31

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SN Date and Place Seminar/Conference/Worshops Organizer 1 4 July 2014

Bhaktapur Research Implementation and Control Workshop

Centre for Research in Social Defense Technology (CRSDT), Duwakot and Progressive Women Society, Changu.

2 29 June 2014 Martin Chatari (MC)

Proposed Higher Education Policy -2014 MC and Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies

3 6 June 2014 Access and Use of Internet in Nepal: Project Orientation Workshop

MC and CRSDT

4 22 February 2014,MC Medical Humanities Newcastle University, Patan Academy of Health Sciences and MC

5 21 Februray 2014, MC Preparatory works for the Proposed Social Science Research Councial in Nepal

MC

6 19 Februry 2014, MC Social Sciences in Nepal MC 7 2-3 January Fourth Annual Young Researchers’

Conference MC

8 26 Nov 2013 Knowladge Production beyond academia MC 9 4, 7, 11, and 14 Kartik Workshop on Nepal's Contemporary Political

Issues MC

10 15 December, Nuwakot National Identity MC 11 27 September 2013,

Rukum National Identity MC

12 24 August 2013, Chitwan

National Identity MC

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33

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Media Coverage of Martin Chautari

Aryal, Deepak. 2070v.s. Vikash Sankathan. Annapurna Post, 25 Magh, P. 6. Basnet, Junarbabu. 2071 v.s. Nepali Magazineka Pachish Barsha. Gorkhapatra (Sanibar), 6 Baishak, Kha. Basnet, Santa B. Shailash B. Pandey and Yogesh Raj. 2013. Defending Data. Kathmandu Post 21 October. p. 6. Dahal, Riseekesh. 2071v.s. Magazine Manthan. Nagarik. 24 Jeth, p. 6. Darchula Sandesh. 2070 v.s. Martin Chautari Ko Aayojanama Rastriyata Sambandhi Bahas. 12 Jeth, p. 3. Himal. 2071 v.s. Avashyambhavi Mirtyuchintan. Himal 65 (22): 54-55. Himal. 2070 v.s. Avashya Vhavi Myrtuchinten. Himal 65(22): 55. Kalpristha Dainik. 2070v.s. Thula Media Madhes Birodhi. 23 Jeth, pp. 1/4. Kayakairan. 2070v.s. Rastriyata Sadhain Khatarama. 9 Bhadau, p. 1. Kharel, P. 2071. Almalbichko Prakash. Nepal 14(40): 46-47. Lamichhane, Raghunath. 2070. Sancharma Dalit Vimarsha. 10 Fagun, P. 6. Lokpriya Sandes. 2070 v.s. Muluk Bilayako Khatarama. 24 Jeth, pp. 1/3. Madhyapaschim Sandes. 2070 v.s. Sancharkarmi Sambadenshil ra Jimmawar Huna Aabasyak. 24 Jeth, pp. 1/3. Menski, Werner. 2013. To be a Nepalse... South Asia Research 33(3): 261-278. Pant, Tanka. 2070v.s. Mediama Dalit. Nepal Samacharpatra. 4 Jeth, p. 4. Panthi, Arjun, Harsh Man Maharjan and Pratyoush Onta. 2071 v.s. 2046 Pachhika Magazine. Kantipur(Koseli), 31

Jeth, p. Ga. Pardarshi. 2070 v.s. Rastriyata Kamjor Bhayakoma Chinta Byakta. 9 Bhadau, p. 1. Pun, Weena. 2014. Is History Decline in Academia? The Kathmandu Post, 17 June, P. 1and 4. Raj Yogesh and Santa Bahadur Basnet. 2014. Digital Democracy on Demand. The Kathmandu Post, 16 July, p. 6. Raj, Yogesh. 2014. Roadmap to Nowhere. The Kathmandu Post, 25 June, p. 6. Rajdhani. 2071 v.s. Sadak Bistarma Chardeshka Rajdutko Aasahayog. 2 Magh, P. 3. Republica. 2014. Discussing Women and Glamour in Media. Republica, 25 June, p. 16. Sadbhav Dainik. 2070 v.s. Sancharkarmi Sambedanshil Hunuparnema Jod. 24 Jeth, pp. 1/4. Shrestha, Sagun. 2070v.s. Michael Hutt ko Den. Nagarik Dainik (Akshar), p. kha. Tamang, Seira. 2013. Democratically debilitated. The Kathmandu Post, 24 March, p. 6. Tamang, Seira. 2013. Securing New Nepal. The Kathmandu Post, 26 Nov, p. 6. Tamang, Seira. 2014. Discarding Darkness. The Kathmandu Post, 14 January, p. 6. Tamang, Seira. 2014. Strategizing Women’s Rights. The Kathmandu Post, 19 March, P. 6. Thapa, Archana. 2013. Memory of Memories -Fact, Fraud and Friction. LA.LIT 1:65-69. The Kathnadu Post. 2013. A Young Researchers’ Conference. 22 December, p. 8. Uprety, Devendra, Pramod Bhatta and Pratyoush Onta. 2071. Samichhama Uchcha Shiksha Niti. Kantipur, 26 Asar,

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Workshop on the “Social Sciences in Nepal” 19 February 2014 (Wednesday), Martin Chautari Seminar Hall, Thapathali, Kathmandu

=================================================================== 10:00am Registration 10:30am Paper 1: Geography Education and Research in Nepal Dr. Bhim Subedi, Central Department of Geography, Tribhuvan University 11:30am Paper 2: Political Science Teaching and Research in Nepal Dr. Khadga KC, Central Department of Political Science, Tribhuvan University

12:30pm Lunch-1:30pm

34

1:30pm Paper 3: The State of Sociology/Anthropology: Teaching and Research in Nepal Madhusudan Subedi, Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, Tribhuvan University Devendra Uprety, Martin Chautari/Om Health Campus, Purbanchal University 2:30pm Paper 4: History Education and Research in Nepal Yogesh Raj, Martin Chautari/Nepal Engineering College, Pokhara University Pratyoush Onta, Martin Chautari

3:30pm Tea/Coffee

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Workshop on the “Preparatory Works for the Proposed Social Science Research Council in Nepal” 21 February 2014 (Friday), Martin Chautari Seminar Hall, Thapathali, Kathmandu

10:30am Presentation: Commentary on the ‘Strategic Plan for the Proposed Social Science Research Council in Nepal’ Pratyoush Onta, on behalf of Martin Chautari 11:00am Discussion

12:30pm Lunch-1:30pm cg';"rL &

Discussion on the “Proposed Higher Education Policy 2014” 29 June 2014 (Sunday), Martin Chautari Seminar Hall, Thapathali, Kathmandu

=================================================================== 3:00 pm Moderator Pratyoush Onta, Martin Chautari (MC) 3:05 pm Policy Process of the Proposed Higher Education Policy 2014 (PHEP 2014) Prof. Dr. Hridaya Ratna Bajracharya, Technical Advisor, Second Higher Education Project/University Grants Commission 3:30 pm Provision of Affiliation System of National and International Academic Institutions in PHEP 2014 Prof. Dr. Soorya Lal Amatya, Former Rector, Tribhuvan University/ Member, PHEP 2014 3:45 pm Provision of Investment and Financial Regulation in PHEP 2014 Prof. Dr. Parthibeshwor Timilsina, Member, PHEP 2014 4:00 pm Commentary on the Policy Content of PHEP 2014 Prof. Dr. Tirth Raj Khaniya, Tribhuvan University/Former Member, National Planning Commission 4:20 pm Can the PHEP 2014 Minimize Existing Anomalies in Higher Education? Dr. Pramod Bhatta, MC/Central Dept. Sociology/Anthropology, Tribhuvan University Devendra Uprety, MC/Om Health Campus, Purbanchal University

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4:30 pm Floor Discussion

5:30 pm Khaja

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Young Researchers’ Conference-2014, organized by Martin Chautari Martin Chautari Seminar Hall, Thapathali, Kathmandu

2-3 January 2014 ==========================================================================

2 Jan 2014, Thursday 10: 20am Welcome to the Workshop Pratyoush Onta, Martin Chautari Session I: Movement and Media Moderator: Devraj Humangain, Martin Chautari 10:30am Paper 1: Occupy Baluwatar: The Rage, Rationale and Realisation Astha Sharma Pokharel and Pranika Koyu, Independent Researchers Discussant: Dipti Sherchan, Nepā School of Social Sciences and Humanities 11:30am Paper 2: The Disintegrative Role of Media Binit Gurung, St. Xavier’s College Discussant: Harsha Man Maharjan, Martin Chautari 12:30pm Paper 3: Role of Media in Raising Environmental Issues: A Case study on Video Documentaries Umesh Khanal, School of Environmental Science and Management, Pokhara University Discussant: Sachin Ghimire, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India

Khaja Break (1:30 pm) Session II: Health, Illness and Society Moderator: Raj Kumar Subedi, National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences 2:30pm Paper 4: Ethical Dilemma in Decision Making: A Case of VCT Counselors Om Krishna Shrestha, Nepal School of Social Work Discussant: Sushma Dahal, Central Institute of Science and Technology, Pokhara University 3:30pm Paper 5: Socio-cultural Study of Tuberculosis Relapse Cases in Rupandehi District Narayan Paudyal, Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, Tribhuvan University Discussant: Narayan Sharma, Little Buddha College for Health Science, Purbanchal University

Tea/Coffee (4:30pm)

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3 Jan 2014, Friday Session III: Politics and Identity Construction Moderator: Kailash Rai, Martin Chautari 10: 00am Paper 6: Ethnic Politics in Nepal: A Discourse on Madhesi Movement Kalpana Jha, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India Discussant: Apoorva Lal, Williams College, USA 11: 00am Paper 7: Border Side Nationalism among Madheshi Community: A Case Study of Banke, Morang and Parsha Districts Ravi Kumar Sha, Tri-chandra Campus, Tribhuvan University Discussant: Pramod Bhagat, Khwopa Engineering College 12: 00pm Paper 8: g]kfnsf sf]r -/fhj+zL_ ;d'bfoleqsf] klxrfgk/s d'2f M Ps dfgjzf:qLo cWoog eLd /fO{, ;dfhzf:q÷dfgjzf:q s]lGb|o ljefu, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno l6Kk0fL M dw' lu/L, cg';Gwftf

Khaja Break (1:00 pm)

Session IV: Institutions and History Moderator: Devendra Uprety, Martin Chautari/Om Health Campus, Purbanchal University 1:30pm Paper 9: Changing Attitude Towards Marriage: Comparing the Reasons the Older Generation and New Generation Think it is Necessary for Pralhad Adhikari, Central Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University Discussant: Sujen Man Maharjan, Independent Researcher 2:30pm Paper 10: Human Resources Mobilization in Community Based Organizations: A Group Work Perspective Kshitiz Gurung, Nepal School of Social Work Discussant: Gaurav KC, Independent Researcher 3:30pm Paper 11: Forgotten Landmarks of Kathmandu Melina Tuladhar, Nilisha Tuladhar, Shristi Tamrakar, Sweta Tuladhar, Suzana Kansakar Sunny Tuladhar, Niyut Man Singh Tuladhar, Prasanna Tamrakar and Aparimita Tuladhar; Group Researchers

Tea/Coffee (4:30pm)

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Jointly Organized by Newcastle Univesity, UK; Patan Academy of Health Sciences; Martin Chautari 22 February 2014 Martin Chautari

9:00am Tea/coffee and registration 9:10 am

Moderator: Devendra Uprety, MC Presentation 1: Hospital Ethnography in Bangaladesh: Medical Humanities Perspectives Presenter: Dr Shahaduz Zaman, Newscastle University, UK. 9:50am Presentation 2: Medical Humanities: Possible Research Areas in Nepal Presenter: Madhusudan Subedi, Patan Academy of Health Sciences 10:30am Open discussion

12:30 Lunch

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