df-200: sandia decontamination formulation for neutralization of cbw agents and toxic industrial...
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DF-200: Sandia Decontamination Formulation for Neutralization of CBW Agents and Toxic
Industrial Chemicals
Mark D. Tucker(505)844-7264
Sandia National Laboratories
Presentation Outline
• Background
• Performance Characteristics of DF-200– Decontamination of Chemical Warfare
Agents– Decontamination of Toxic Industrial
Chemicals– Decontamination of Biological Warfare
Agents and Pathogens
• Commercialization
• Other Decontamination Activities
• Summary
Response to a Domestic CBW IncidentEvent Timeline
Event Timeline
CBWEvent
FirstResponse
FacilityRestoration
Re-OccupyFacility
Detection
Decontamination / Restoration
Fate and TransportModeling
Risk Assessment
Mitigation
The ObjectiveTo develop a rapid, effective, and safe
decontamination technology for the
restoration of civilian facilities in the event of
a domestic terrorist attack
The ChallengesRapid Deployment
Rapid Destruction of CBW Agents
Common Formulation for all CBW Agents
Low toxicity and corrosivity
Sandia Decon FoamDevelopment Overview
The Problem
Historical decon formulations for
CBW agents are highly toxic
and/or highly corrosive
Our Response
Sandia has developed an aqueous
formulation with low toxicity and
corrosivity properties for the rapid
destruction of CBW agents
Corrosion Comparisons
Bleach - 24 Hour Exposure
Sandia Decon Foam - 24 Hour Exposure
Deionized Water - 24 Hour Exposure
Steel Coupons
DF-200 FormulationCharacteristics
• Rapid response– quick to deploy
– quick to react
• Low logistics support and water demand and minimal run-off of fluids
• Minimal health and collateral damage– low toxicity and corrosivity properties
• Applicable in a variety of scenarios– work has mostly focused on deployment as a foam– formulation can also be deployed as a spray, fog, mist, or cream
• Successful results in a number of laboratory and field tests– RestOps, JSFDS, Dugway Spore Kill Tests
• Successfully used in actual remediation of anthrax contaminated buildings
Sandia Decon FormulationDeployment
Presentation Outline
• Background
• Performance Characteristics of DF-200– Decontamination of Chemical Warfare
Agents– Decontamination of Toxic Industrial
Chemicals– Decontamination of Biological Warfare
Agents and Pathogens
• Commercialization
• Other Decontamination Activities
• Summary
Complete destruction of GD within 1 minute
Complete destruction of VX within 10 minutes
Complete destruction of HD within 30 minutes
DF-200 Performance Neutralization of CW Agents
0
5
10
15
20
25
mg
Un
reac
ted
Ag
ent
GD VX HD
CW Agent
Decon of CW Agents at Various Contact Times
0 Minutes
! Minute
15 Minutes
60 Minutes
% DecontaminationTIC
1 Minute 15 Minutes 60 Minutes
Malathion (liquid) 89 95 Below Detection
Hydrogen Cyanide (gas) >99 >99 >99
Sodium Cyanide (solid) 93 98 >99
Butyl Isocyanate (liquid) 99 Below Detection Below Detection
Carbon Disulfide (liquid) >99 >99 Below Detection
Phosgene (gas) 98 >99 >99
DF-200 PerformanceResults against TICs
Solution Testing: Malathion, Sodium Cyanide, Butyl Isocyanate, Carbon Disulfide
Headspace Testing: Hydrogen Cyanide, Phosgene
DF-200 Performance Kill of BW Agents in DF-200
Kill of anthrax spores by DF-200
Kill of the plague bacterium by DF-200
Kill of Anthrax SimulantScanning Electron Microscopy
As received DF-100Contact Time: 1 Hour
Destruction of bacterial spores in DF-100
B. globigii Spore Kill - Room TestDF-100 Performance at Dugway Field Tests
Test Parameters• 8’ x 8’ x 8’ office
• Bacillus globigii spores
• contaminated with a simulated explosion
• spores ‘weathered’ for 24 hours and then sampled
• room temperature = 41°F
• Sandia formulation deployed as a foam– Intelagard backpack device– approximately 17liters applied (0.4 L/m2)
• sampling occurred 24 hours after decon
B. globigii Spore Kill - Room TestResults of Dugway Field Tests using DF-100
SURFACE CONTAMINATED(Surface average in CFU/SQ. IN.)
DECONTAMINATED(Surface average in CFU/SQ. IN.)
Floor (painted concrete) 7.67E+07 0.00E+00
Floor (tile) 1.31E+07 0.00E+00
Floor (carpet) 1.23E+07 0.00E+00
Floor (wood) 7.30E+06 0.00E+00
Window (glass) 5.32E+04 0.00E+00
Painted wall below window 8.16E+04 0.00E+00
Left hand wall panels 4.70E+04 0.00E+00
Wall (stucco) 2.80E+05 0.00E+00
Painted wall above carpet 4.56E+04 0.00E+00
Carpeted wall 1.08E+06 0.00E+00
Door 3.13E+04 0.00E+00
Ceiling 8.49E+02 0.00E+00
Summary of Anthrax IncidentsSandia Foam Use (DF-100)
• Capitol Hill Office Buildings– Sandia formulation (foam) successfully
used in selected areas of Hart, Ford, and Dirksen office buildings
• ABC Building (New York)– Sandia formulation (fog) successfully used
• New York Post Building– Sandia formulation (fog) successfully used
• AMI Building (Florida)– Sandia formulation (liquid bath)
successfully used to decontaminate electronic media
DF-200 PerformanceSummary of Decon Effectiveness
Application Rate: 0.5 L of DF-200 Liquid per square meter of contaminated surface
Challenge Level (CW): 10 g of agent per square meter
Challenge Level (BW): 107 organisms per square centimeter
AgentContact Time
(Minutes)Byproducts
Nerve Agents (G) 1-10 Hydrolysis
Nerve Agents (V) 10-15 Breakage of P-S Bond
Vesicants (HD) 30 Oxidation
Anthrax Spores 15-30 Killed Organisms
Vegetative Bacteria,Viruses
1-15 Killed Organisms
Presentation Outline
• Background
• Performance Characteristics of DF-200– Decontamination of Chemical Warfare
Agents– Decontamination of Toxic Industrial
Chemicals– Decontamination of Biological Warfare
Agents and Pathogens
• Commercialization
• Other Decontamination Activities
• Summary
Commercial Partners
Modec, Inc.4725 Oakland Street
Denver, Colorado 80239
Toll-free: (800) 967-7887
Phone: (303) 373-2696Fax: (303) 373-2699
EnviroFoam Technologies, Inc.2903 Wall Triana Hwy
Huntsville, Alabama 35824
Toll-free: (800) 542-4665 Phone: (256) 319-0137
Fax: (256) 461-8136
Envirofoam EasyCAFsTM System
DF-200: Foam Deployment
Hand-held Aspirating Air Foam Generator
Intelagard CAF Backpack
The foam can be deployed through a variety of delivery
systems - both large-scale and small-scale
• As a result of the October 2001 anthrax incidents, the EPA is now clearly identified as the lead agency for remediation
• The EPA has determined that all products used for anthrax remediation must be registered as sterilants
EPA RegistrationDF-200 Status
• Sterilant registration requires completion of AOAC sporicidal tests against Bacillus and Clostridium spores on two different carriers (porcelain cylinder and suture loop)
• Both Envirofoam Technologies and Modec have submitted their products to EPA-approved laboratories for testing
• One company has passed the sporicidal tests while the other company’s tests are still in progress
Sandia Decon Formulation (DF-200)Military Use
The US Military has recently purchased relatively large
quantities of DF-200 for possible use in the War
Against Terrorism
Presentation Outline
• Background
• Performance Characteristics of DF-200– Decontamination of Chemical Warfare
Agents– Decontamination of Toxic Industrial
Chemicals– Decontamination of Biological Warfare
Agents and Pathogens
• Commercialization
• Other Decontamination Activities
• Summary
Other Decontamination WorkExpanded Uses for the DF-200 Technology
DF-200 Formulation
(Fog / Mist / Spray Applications)
Personnel Decon
(With Licensees)
Restoration DDAP
(With LLNL)
Containment / Mitigation
DF-200
CBW/TIC Decontamination
Presentation Outline
• Background
• Performance Characteristics of DF-200– Decontamination of Chemical Warfare
Agents– Decontamination of Toxic Industrial
Chemicals– Decontamination of Biological Warfare
Agents and Pathogens
• Commercialization
• Other Decontamination Activities
• Summary
• DF-100 was successfully used in response to October 2001 anthrax incidents
• DF-200 has been recently purchased by the U.S. Military under an urgent need order for possible use in the War Against Terrorism
• DF-200 is applicable for response to CBW/TIC attacks in domestic scenarios
• Many opportunities exist to utilize the fundamental DF-200 chemistry for new applications
DF-200 TechnologySummary
DF-200 Foam Demonstration for President George W. Bush; July 22, 2002
Contact InformationMark D. Tucker
505-844-7264