devolopment of alternative energy in thailand-final
TRANSCRIPT
8/6/2019 Devolopment of Alternative Energy in Thailand-Final
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Rangsan Sarochawikasit
Executive Director of Energy Research BureauDept. of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency
Email : [email protected]
“The Development of Renewable and Alternative in
Thailand ”
April 2011
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Outline
• Energy Management in Thailand
• Renewable Energy Policy in Thailand
• Measures to Promote Renewable Energy
• Renewable Energy Development in Thailand
- Biofuel- Biogas & Biomass- Hydro Power- Solar Energy and Wind Power
- Hydrogen• Barriers and Difficulties
• Conclusion
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44 44
National Energy Policy Council (NEPC)National Energy Policy Council (NEPC)
Permanent SecretaryPermanent Secretary
of Energyof Energy
Minister of EnergyMinister of EnergyCommittee on EnergyCommittee on Energy
Policy Administration (CEPA)Policy Administration (CEPA)
Energy ConservationEnergy Conservation
Promotion Fund CommitteePromotion Fund Committee
(ENCON Fund Committee)(ENCON Fund Committee)
EPPO serves as Secretariat to NEPCEPPO serves as Secretariat to NEPC
CEPA and ENCON Fund CommitteCEPA and ENCON Fund Committe
CabinetCabinet
EnergyEnergy
RegulatoryRegulatory
Commission (ERC)Commission (ERC)
Thailand’s Energy SectorThailand’s Energy Sector
ManagementManagement
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Ministry of EnergyMinistry of Energy
(MoEN)(MoEN)
Office of the MinisterOffice of the Minister
Office of theOffice of the
Permanent SecretaryPermanent Secretary
Energy Policy andEnergy Policy and
Planning Office (EPPO)Planning Office (EPPO)
Dept. of Mineral FuelsDept. of Mineral Fuels
(DMF)(DMF)
Dept. of EnergyDept. of Energy
Business (DOEB)Business (DOEB)
Dept. of AlternativeDept. of Alternative
Energy DevelopmentEnergy Development
and Efficiency (DEDE)and Efficiency (DEDE)
With 1 State Enterprise and 2 autonomous publicWith 1 State Enterprise and 2 autonomous publiccompanies:companies:
1) Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand1) Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand(EGAT)(EGAT)
2) PTT PCL.2) PTT PCL.
3) Bangchak Petroleum PCL. (BCP)3) Bangchak Petroleum PCL. (BCP)
2 Public Organizations:2 Public Organizations:
• Energy Fund AdministrationEnergy Fund Administration
Institute (EFAI)Institute (EFAI)
• Energy Regulatory CommissionEnergy Regulatory Commission
(ERC)(ERC)
The Structure of Ministry of Energy(established since October 2002)
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Import(1.6%)
EGAT(43.3%)
IPPs(45%)
Generation
(% share)
Transmission
Distribution
EGAT (100%)
PEA(67%)
MEA(31.3%)
Direct Customers(1.7%)
Users Users
Remarks: % Share of Energy as of Oct 2009
VSPPs(0.6%)
SPPs(9.5%)
Govt.
ERC
StateOwned
PrivateOwned
>90MW
10-90MW
<10MW
CapacitCapacit
yy
Thailand’s Electricity Industry StructureThailand’s Electricity Industry Structure
MEA = Metropolitant ElectricityAuthority
PEA = Provincial Electrcicity Authority
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Commercial EnergyConsumption by fuel
Energy Useby sector
In 2009, Energy Expenses 47 billion USD (import 58%) Total Commercial Energy Use 1.656 million barrels (oil
equivalent) of per day
In 2009, Energy Expenses 47 billion USD (import 58%) Total Commercial Energy Use 1.656 million barrels (oil
equivalent) of per day
Thailand’s Energy Consumption inThailand’s Energy Consumption in
20092009
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9
Thailand’s Fuel Mix for PowerGeneration
1963 19871963 1987
20102010
Installed capacity 32,683Installed capacity 32,683
MWMW
Ref. : EGAT , EPPORef. : EGAT , EPPO
As of March 2010As of March 2010
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Types of Power Supply by VSPP
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7.6%7.6%
Target 5,600 MWExisting 1,830 MWMinihydro/Wind/SolarBiomass/Biogas/MSW/Hydrogen
Target 7,433 ktoe
Existing 3,098 KtoeBiomass/Biogas
MSW/Solar
15.6%15.6%
2.4%2.4%
EthanolTarget 9.0 MLPDExisting 1.25 MLPD
Bio-diesel
Target 4.5 MLPDExisting 1.67 MLPDHydrogen
Target 0.1 Million kg
4.1%4.1%
PowerPower
HeatHeat
BioBio
FuelFuel
20.3%20.3%7.0%7.0%
R&DR&D
Adder costAdder cost
ESCO FundESCO Fund
M e a
s u r e s
M e a
s u r
e sCDCD
MM
NGVNGVTarget 690 mmscfd(6,090 ktoe)
Existing 194 mmscfd
6.2%6.2%
19.1%19.1%
20112011 2022202220092009 20162016
Oil Replacing of 4,670 ktoe
Currency Saving 2.1 BillionUSDGHG Reduction 14.4 milliontons Target 19,800 ktoe
Currency Saving 10.2 BillionUSD
GHG reduction 42 MillionTons
As per 2009 oil average price of As per 2009 oil average price of 6161..31 USD/barrel31 USD/barrel As of March 2010As of March 2010
Alternative Energy Development Plan2008-2022
BOI,BOI,Revolving FundRevolving Fund
Cabinet Resolution onCabinet Resolution on
28 Jan 200928 Jan 2009
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Carboncreditsale
13
Measures for RE Promotion7 Supporting Mechanisms:
RE-Electricity Generating
(5 from MoEN ;
1 from Board of Investmentand 1 from TGO )
Private
Investor
Private
Investor
CD
M
Electricity
authorities
Electricity
authoritiesConsumer
Promotion requesting
Supportfromthe
Ministry of
Energy
• Renewable energy maps• Info from demonstrationsite• One-Stop Service
Renewable energypotential info• Investment Grant, i.e.biogas, solar hot water, andMSW (i.e.100% 2009, 50%2010 , 25% 2011 for MSW )
• “Energy Soft Loan”
Revolving funds for RE and
energy conservationProjects• ESCO Venture CapitalFund
• “Adder” : Feed-inPremiums Policy
DEDE
DEDE&
EPPO
DEDE
EPPO
DEDE
2222
3333
4444
5555
6666
Banks
Toraisea loan
Capitalrequesting
Registration for intentexpressionas per thetimespecified
AdderAdder
ONEPEIA
ERC LocalAdmin
Offices givinglicenses
Negotiationfor electricityselling &buying
- Firm- Non Firm
Licenses
Technicalsupport
BOI-
InvestmentIncentives
1111
7
ppor ng c emes
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uppor ng c emesIncentives
14
Soft Loans Revolving Fund – 7,000 MTHB (US $ 210 Mill.) (2003 to present) allocated
from Gov’s ENCON FUND & 90%subscribed;
– 2-Stepped Loan mix w/ Bank’s Money (approx. 1:1);
– Max. Fix 4% p.a. interest rate;
– 7 yr. loan period
– Draw a creation of larger lending program by Banks (negotiable rate)
Revolving
Fund7,000
MB
0.5%
PrivateInvestors
<4 .0%
Mix byBank
7,000 MBCom.Banks
7,000 MB
Bank’sOwn
Lending70,000 MB
Nego.
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uIncentives
15
Gov Co-Investing Scheme ESCO Fund – 500 +500 MTHB allocated from Gov’s ENCON FUND
– 2 Fund Managers assigned & given 3 years window of investment
– 7-10 years of investment with mutual agreed exit clause
– Max 20% equity holding
– As of 2009, 29 projects invested (400 MTHB)
• E for E
• ECFTC
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LoA Projects No. of Projects
Biogas 72
Biomass 18Landfill 8EE 11N2O 1
Bio-fertilizer 1Solar 2
Hydro 5
BOI and CDM
• LoA Issued 118 Projects (7.38 million tons CO2e
/year)
• Registered 37 Projects (2.14 million tons CO2e
/year)
• Verified 2 Projects (0.81 million tons CO2e
/year)
Biogas
61%
Landfill
7%
Biomass
15%
EE9%
N2O
1%
Bio-fertilizer
1% Solar
2%
Hydro
4%
CD
M(MONRE
)
Tax Incentives (Board of Investment – BoI ))
RE & EE top priority listRE & EE top priority list
Max. Privileges 8 yrs Income Tax HolidayMax. Privileges 8 yrs Income Tax Holiday+ extra 5 y. (9+ extra 5 y. (9thth -13-13thth yr) 50% taxyr) 50% tax
reductionreduction
BOI(Min. of Industry)
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Fuel Adder(B/kWh)
VSPP SPP
Adder-VSPP(USD Cents /
kWh)**
Specialadder *(B/kWh)
Supportingperiod(Year)
Biomass- Installed capacity <= 1 MW- Installed capacity > 1 MW
0.500.30
Bidding 1.540.93
1.001.00
77
Biogas (all categories of production sources)- Installed capacity <= 1 MW- Installed capacity > 1 MW
0.500.30
Bidding 1.540.93
1.001.00
77
Waste (community waste, not
hazardous industrial waste, andinorganic waste)- AD &b LFG- Thermal Process
2.503.50
2.503.50
7.7210.81
1.001.00
77
Wind power- Installed capacity <= 50 kW- Installed capacity > 50 kW
4.503.50 3.50
13.8910.81
1.501.50
1010
Mini and micro hydropower- capacity 50-200 kW- capacity < 50 kW
0.801.50
-No- 2.474.63
1.001.00
77
Solar power** 6.50 6.50 20.08 1.50 10
- Premiums
* Note : Special Adders for- Facilities in 3 Southern Provinces- Diesel-Gen. replacement on PEA
system
** 1 USD=32.375 Baht
**Feed-in Tariff revised byNational Energy Policy Council on 28th
June 201018
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1.Market incentive
Exemption of excise tax for ethanol
Lowered retailed price of Gasohol than Gasoline
(price at 7 Feb. 2011) Gasohol Gasoline 95Gasoline 95
E10 (฿/lt) 35.44 45.54E20 (฿/lt) 32.04 E85 (฿/lt) 20.92
2. Promote E85 and FFVs (Flexible Fuel
Vehicles)Reduction of
– Excise Tax = 25% to 35% (>1800 to 2500 C.C.)
Measures For Ethanol
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For Process Heating For Biofuel
Potential 320 MW
Existing 6.5 MW
Potential 2-7 m/s
Existing 5.6 MW
Potential 190 MW
Existing 66 MW
Potential 18MJ/m2/day
Existing 32 MW
Potential 4,400 MW
Existing 1,648 MW
Potential 700 MW
Existing 56 MW
Biomass
Wind
Biogas
HydroSolar
MSW
For Electricity Generation
Potential 7,400ktoe
Existing 3,130ktoe
BiomassPotential 154ktoe
Existing 2.14ktoe
Solar Potential 3.0 MLPD
Existing 1.23 MLPD
Ethanol
Biodiesel Potential 4.2 MLPD
Existing 1.72 MLPD
Potential 600 ktoe
Existing 311 ktoe Biogas MSW
Potential 78 ktoe
Existing 1.1ktoe
* Volume of Raw material (Production – Domestic
- Urban area- Solar Home- His Majestic project- 0.1% of install area
- Mini Hydro andMicro Hydro
- Wind farm in Southernof Thailand
Biogas from livestock farm and agro, palmIndustry
- Sugarcane Industry,palm ,etc.- Biomass Power plant- Community power plant
- Bangkok ~ 9,000 tons/day- Municipality >100 tons/day
-Hot water(hospital,Hotel)-Drying
- Industrial Wastewater
(starch, food,beverage, palm,rubber a er Bio-
- Industrial: sugarcane,palm, paper)
- community (high-eff.stove)
- Molasses, tapioca,sugarcane juice
cellulose
- Palm oil, Jatropha, usedcooking oil
- Municipality
<100 tons/day
Renewable Energy Potential & Existing
201022
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Hydro PowerHydro Power
แม่กืม
แม่
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Hydro Power
“Small Hydro Power Plant
in Thailand”
Total 22 Projects
Installed Cap. 43,318 kW
N o r t h 1
5 P r o j
e c t s
East 1 Project
South4
Projects
แม่หาด
แม่สะงา
แม่ฮอ่งสอนแม่สะเรียง
บอแก้ว
ห้วยแม่สอดห้วยยะ โม่
แมกมหลวงห้วยน าข ่น
ห้วยแม่ผง
ก ิวลมน าขะ
มึน
แมสาบ
แม่ตนืห้วยประทาว
ล าพระเพลิง
คิรีธาร
คลองล าปลอก
คลองดสน
ไอกาเปาะ
แม่มาว
ห้วยล าสินธุ
N-East2 Projects
25
Mae Khum Luang Hydro Power Plant;
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PowerPower
PlantPlant
DamDam
Mae Khum Luang Hydro Power Plant;
Mae Hong Son
26
Mae Khum Luang Hydro Power Plant;
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•Installed Capacity 3,200 kWCommissioning dated: 14 December1981
Mae Khum LuangDam
Mae Khum Luang Hydro Power Plant;
Mae Hong Son
27
Mae SariengMae Sarieng Hydro Power Plant MaeHydro Power Plant Mae
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PowerPower
PlantPlant
DamDam
Installed Cap. 1,250 kW
Commissioning dated:16 June
Mae SariengMae Sarieng Hydro Power Plant MaeHydro Power Plant Mae
Hong SonHong Son
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2929
Hui Kwae Micro Hydro PowerPlant
Doi Saket, Chieng Mai Province
Installed cap. 20 kWCommissioning dated: 1 Apr.
2003
Investment cost: US $4300 perkW
Mae Com Pong 3 Micro
Hydro Power PlantMae Onn, Chieng Mai ProvinceMae Onn, Chieng Mai Province
Catchment areaCatchment area 23.5 km2
Installed cap.Installed cap. 40kW
SuppliedSupplied power topower to 249
householdsCommissioning dated:Commissioning dated: 1 Feb.
Micro Hydro Power PlantMicro Hydro Power Plant
29
Micro Hydro Power Plant:Micro Hydro Power Plant: ConstructionConstruction
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Micro Hydro Power Plant:Micro Hydro Power Plant: ConstructionConstruction
WorksWorks
30
Based on public participation concept
Micro Hydro Power Plant:Micro Hydro Power Plant:
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Micro Hydro Power Plant:Micro Hydro Power Plant:
Installation WorksInstallation Works
31
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Solar Energy & Wind PowerSolar Energy & Wind Power
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Solar irradiation map
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Average solar irradiance
18.2 MJ/m2-d
(5.05 kWh/m2-day)
Maximum solar irradiance
20-24 MJ/m2-d
using satellite images andground stationmeasurement
Solar irradiation map
Solar irradiationSolar irradiation
Solar direct irradiation map
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Average direct normalirradiance 11.9 MJ/m2-d
(3.3 kWh/m2-day)
Maximum solarirradiance 14-15 MJ/m2-d
Solar direct irradiation map
O id PV tO id PV t
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470 kW system
600,000 kWh/yr
electricity starting date October2004
DepartmentDepartment
storestore
On grid PV systemOn grid PV system
36
Off id PV tOff id PV t
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Capable of charging up to 20batteries
at the same time
3 kW system for30-50 households
Battery chargingBattery chargingstationstation
Off grid PV systemOff grid PV system
Battery charging station
37
Off id PV tOff id PV t
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Off grid PV systemOff grid PV system
Solar Home System
120 – 150 W system
38
Off id PV tOff grid PV system
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Solar cell of schools and
health clinics in remotearea
2.5-5 kW system
Off grid PV systemOff grid PV system
39
Off grid PV systemOff grid PV system
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Solar water pumping system
(1000 W)
Off grid PV systemOff grid PV system
40
Solar Dryer for AgriculturalSolar Dryer for Agricultural
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y gy gProductsProducts
Solar Tunnel DryerSuits for drying fruits i.e. banana,
mango, jackfruit etc.Drying Temp: 40-70 CCap. 50-70 Kg.
Solar Greenhouse DryerSuits for drying spices i.e. chili,bergamot leaf Drying Temp: 40-70 CCap. 250-300 Kg.
Roof-integrated solar dryerSuits for drying spices and herbsi.e. roselle fower, saffowerDrying Temp: 40-70 CCap. 200-300 Kg.
41
Wi d E
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42
Wind EnergyCurrently, Wind Power = 5.5.6161 MWTargeted in Year 2022 800800 MW
Wind Potential Map
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Wind Potential Map
Thailand Wind
Mast
wind map 2010wind map 2010
Wind station at 40 m heightWind station at 40 m height
Wind station at 90 m heightWind station at 90 m height
TotallyTotally - 45 wind stations at 40 m height- 45 wind stations at 40 m height
- 23 wind stations at 90 m height- 23 wind stations at 90 m height
43
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Wi d E D t ti P j t
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Wind Energy Demonstration Project
250 kW WTG from India 1,500 kW WTG from China
45
Wind Energy Demonstration Project
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Wind Energy Demonstration Project
Wind farm 5 kW X 5 sets (5 size of blade and 5 type of tower)Made in
Thailand46
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Biomass Energy Development Plan2008 2022
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2008-2022Existing
Electricity = 1,648MW Thermal uses = 3,130 ktoe
BiomassBiomass
2010
1,780
3,320
2011
2,800
3,660
2016
3,220
5,000
2022
3,360
6,700
2009
1,644
3,130
Year
Plan (MW)
(ktoe)
Biomass Utilization in Palm
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industry
I n c r e a s
e b i
o m a s
s u s e s
I n c r e a s
e b i
o m a s
s u s e s
e f f i c
i e n c y
:
e f f i c
i e n c y
:
C o - g e n
e r a t i o
n
C o - g e n
e r a t i o
n
o
mmun y omassUtili ti
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Double throat Down Draft Gasifier: 320
kWth
Fuel Charcoal Corn cob
Fuel
Consumption(kg/h)
13.75-28.75 47.5-100
ThermalEfficiency (%)
75.27-95.19 70.57-89.86
Application Generate 60-80o
C hot water
Bunker oil
Replacement
(litre/h)
130
Investmentcost
US $ 50,000
yUtilization
Gasification for Small Industry: Khao Kor AgriculturalIndustry
50
Biomass Utilization in Households
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Reducing air pollutantsi.e. CO, NOx,
Particulates, etc..
Biomass Utilization in Households
Increase efficiency of Increase efficiency of
cooking stoves fromcooking stoves from
avg. 15% to 22%avg. 15% to 22%
Eff. CharcoalEff. Charcoal
maker 200maker 200
ltslts
G e n d
e r I s s u
e s
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52
Cane juice
BagassesLeaves
Molasses
Filtered cake
Sugar
Alcohol
Fertilizer
Alcohol
Heat/Electricity
Particle board, paper
Fertilizer
Lactic acids, bioplasticprocessed food,animal feeds animaland cosmetic products
Acetic acid, Whisky,ethyl acetate acid,gasohol, biochemicalproducts
sugarcane is highly
efficient converter of solar energy
1 ton of sugarcanee uivalent to 1 barrel of cru
1 lt EtOH = 14.3 kg. sugarcane= 4.0 kg. molasses
Z e r o Z e r o
w a s t e w a s t e
Utilization
M a x i m i z
e d
B e n e f i t :
B i o - r e f i n e
r y
C o n c e p t
M a x i m i z
e d
B e n e f i t :
B i o - r e f i n e
r y
C o n c e p t
Biogas Energy
ElectricityElectricity from Biogas = 7070
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53
Heat/FueHeat/Fuel from Biogas = 188188ktoeTargeted in year 2022 = 600600ktoe
Biogas Energy
As of :Jan2010
MW
Targeted in Year 2022 = 120120
MW
Biogas from Wastewater
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g
High Rate Anaerobic Lagoon (HRAL); Starchfactory Wastewater 5,000 m3 /day, biogas 20,000
m3 /day
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB); Paper
factory, Wastewater 7,000 m3
/day, biogas 3,400m3 /day
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB); Citric acid
factory, Wastewater 600 m3 /day, biogas 3,200 m3 /day
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB); Starch
factory, Wastewater 4,000 m3 /day, biogas 14,790
m3 /day
5454
Waste and Manure to EnergyWaste and Manure to Energy
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5555
Chicken manure to Biogas
Number of chicken: 6,000
Vol. of Waste water: 10 cu.m.
Cap. of system: 70 cu.m.Biogas production: 30 cu.m./d
Electricity cost saving: 30%
Investment subsidy by MoEN(50%)
Total investment cost : US$ 6,000
Waste and Manure to EnergyWaste and Manure to Energy
55
Way Forward of Biogas Utilization
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Way Forward of Biogas Utilization
Solid waste management in ThaialndSolid waste management in Thaialnd
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Solid waste management in Thaialndg
BKK BKK (8,(8,530530 tpdtpd))
MunicipalitiesMunicipalities& Pataya& Pataya
(1(133,,600600 tpdtpd))
Non UrbanNon Urban(18,(18,200 tpd200 tpd))
Incineration
Opened Dump& Burned 94% Transfer to others 6%
Sanitary Landfill
65%3%32%
Organic Compost(Commission 2005)
87%13%
Total amount solid waste 40,330 tpd in 2007
Waste to energy Project
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Small Biogas Digester
- 2.5 m2.5 m33 biogas digester biogas digester
- Capacity: 40 kg/dayCapacity: 40 kg/day
- biogas production: 2.5 mbiogas production: 2.5 m33/day/day
- 540 digesters installed in540 digesters installed in
schools, army agencies,schools, army agencies,
communities, hospitalscommunities, hospitals
5858
Waste to Energy ProjectWaste to Energy Project
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MSW Biogas System in municipalities
- Capacity: 15 ton organic
solid waste/day
- 2 stage biogas digester (acid
tank and Anaerobic Baffledreactor, ABR)
- Maximum production:
biogas 480 m3/day
- Biogas uses:
slaughterhouses, nearby
households, market.
- Investment cost: $ 200,000
Waste to Energy Projectas e o e gy ojec
59
Waste to Energy Technology AssessmentWaste to Energy Technology Assessment
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gy gygy gy
Ethanol Development
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Ethanol Demand(ML/day)**
1.24 1.34 2.11 2.96 6.2 9.0
Ethanol MarketSustainable ethanol production
R&D and promote ethanol logistic , ethanol depot for export
EthanolProduction
Promote ethanol production from molasses and cassava
Promote ethanol production from sugar cane
Promote by-product utilization from ethanol production ex. Acetic acid
Feed Stock
R&D yield of cassava 3.5 to 4.5 ton/rai/yr in 2012
R&D yield of sugarcane 11.8 to 15 ton/rai/yr in 2012
Sustainable feed stock for ethanol production
R&D
R&D 2nd generation of ethanol production (Cellulosic) Promote 2nd generation of ethanolproduction
value added ex. sawage
study E85
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 6551 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 6551 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 6551 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 6551 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 6508 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
E20
E85
,promoteFFV
Gasohol E10nationwide
390,000FFVs
1,070,000FFVs2,000 FFVs
Budget(M฿)
- 28 60 30 160 280
Ethanol Development
Bioethanol Development Plan 2008 - 2022
61
Raw Material Potential
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Raw Material Potential
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Ethanol Production
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Existing Ethanol PlantsExisting Ethanol Plants
9 Molasses/Sugarcane9 Molasses/Sugarcane
4 Cassava4 Cassava
66 Molasses/Sugarcane/CassaMolasses/Sugarcane/Cassa
vava
Material Operated
(Nov. 10)Plant Total cap.
(Ml/day)
1 Molasses/Sugarcane 9 1.30
2 Cassava 4 0.63
3 Molasses/Sugarcane/
Cassava
6 1.00
Total 19 2.93
CurrentlyCurrently ((Nov.Nov. 10)10) 19 existing plants total installed19 existing plants total installed
cap. 2.93 Ml/daycap. 2.93 Ml/day - MolassesMolasses//SugarcaneSugarcane 99 PlantsPlants Cap. 1.30 Ml/dCap. 1.30 Ml/d
- CassavaCassava 44 Plants Cap. 0.63 Ml/dPlants Cap. 0.63 Ml/d-- MolassesMolasses//Sugarcane/Sugarcane/CassavaCassava 66 PlantsPlants Cap.Cap. 1.001.00 Ml/dayMl/day
InIn 20112011
55 new ethanol producers, total installednew ethanol producers, total installed
capacity 1.82capacity 1.82 Ml/dayMl/day
Total installed capacity 4.75Total installed capacity 4.75 million liters/day in 2011million liters/day in 2011
a o oduc o
64
Gasohol service stations & Volumesale
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Gasahol UsageGasahol Usage Total GSH95, GSH91, E20 and E85 UsageTotal GSH95, GSH91, E20 and E85 Usage 12.3012.30
MLPDMLPD
(Nov. 10)(Nov. 10)
Total stock of ethanolTotal stock of ethanol 64.7864.78 ML. (Aug. 10)ML. (Aug. 10)
@ Oil companies@ Oil companies 36.0136.01 ML @ Ethanol producerML @ Ethanol producer
28.7728.77 MLML
Total GSH Service stationTotal GSH Service station 4,3334,333 stations,stations, 1212 oiloil
companiescompanies
OilCompanies
TotalServiceStations
GSH Service Stations
Sep. 10 Dec. 07 Dec. 08 Dec. 09
Ptt. 1,149
1,185 1,139 1,135
Bangchak 891
756 852 868
Shell 590
548 578 590
ESSO 553
513 550 553
Chevson 458 370 423 453IRPC oil 1 1 1 1Ptt. retail
145146 146 145
Petronas 101
98 117 116
SUSCO 137
106 143 145
Pak tai
239
35 144 212
Thai oil 2
- 2 2
Rayong Pure 67
64 71 67
Total4,333
3,822 4,166 4,287GSH Service StationsSep. 10
GSH E85 8
GSH E20 432
Ref. DOEB, Nov. 10
12.3012.30 MLPDMLPD
Total GSH+Gasoline
(ML/day)
21.28 100%
GSH 12.30 57.8%
Gasoline 8.98 42.2%
sale
6565
Biodiesel Development Plan2008 2022
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B100Marketing
EnforcementEnforcement B2B2 EnforcementEnforcement B5B5
OptionalOptional B5B5 OptionalOptional B10B10
Sustainable B100 productionSustainable B100 production
B100Production
Biodiesel production from CPO and SterineBiodiesel production from CPO and Sterine
R&D productionR&D production // Community usageCommunity usage
Biodiesel standard developmentBiodiesel standard development
Feedstock Expanding Palm oil cultivation areas 2.5 million raiExpanding Palm oil cultivation areas 2.5 million rai
R&DR&D Yield of palm 2.8 to Yield of palm 2.8 to 3.2 ton3.2 ton//rairai//yryr
Sustainable CPO productionSustainable CPO production
R&D
R&D and promote value added of gycerlineR&D and promote value added of gycerline//small CPO extraction unitsmall CPO extraction unit
R&D BTL /R&D BTL / BHDBHD PromotePromote BTLBTL and/or BHD, seaweedand/or BHD, seaweed
R&D biodiesel production from seaweedR&D biodiesel production from seaweed R&D Alternative feed stock for biodiesel productionR&D Alternative feed stock for biodiesel production
ZERO waste of Jatropha for biodiesel productionZERO waste of Jatropha for biodiesel production
08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
B5 nationwide, B10 optionalResearch on Biodieselwith fish boat Engines
Budget(M฿)
DemandB100
(ML/day)
1.35 1.35 1.35 3.02 3.64 4.50
129.75 37.4 29.4 19.4 450 330
2008 – 2022
66
Raw Material Potential
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Biodiesel Production
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ExistingExisting B100 plantsB100 plants
44 CPOCPO//RBDRBD
55 PalmPalm StearineStearine
5 CPO5 CPO//RBD/RBD/StearineStearine
Material
Permitted
Plant Total cap.
(Ml/day)
1 CPO/RBD PO 4 2.36
2 Palm Stearine 5 2.35
3 CPO/RBD PO /Palm
Stearine
5 1.30
Total 14 6.01
CurrentlyCurrently ((Dec.Dec. 10)10) 14 existing plants total installed cap. 6.01 Ml/day
-CPOCPO//RBDRBD 44 PlantsPlants Cap. 2.36 Ml/Cap. 2.36 Ml/
-PalmPalm StearineStearine 55 Plants Cap. 2.35 Ml/dayPlants Cap. 2.35 Ml/day
-- CPOCPO//RBD/RBD/PalmPalm StearineStearine 55 PlantsPlants Cap.Cap. 1.1.2200 Ml/dayMl/day
68
Biodiesel Volume Sale (Nov.10)
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• B5 Volume Sale 19.04 ML/day (B100 0. 952 ML/day)
• Diesel (B3) Volume Sale 33.59 ML/day (B100 1.008 ML/day)
• Total volume of B100 1.960 ML/day
( )
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HydrogenHydrogen
Hydrogen
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y g
Comparison of Energy content in various fuels
Hydrogen Economy
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HydrogenHydrogen
Value ChainValue Chain
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell R&D
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2548
2549
้ ้ชดุควบคมุมอเตอร์
เซลล์เชื ้อเพลิง
ชดุแบตเตอรี ่
มอเตอร์
ถังไฮโดรเจน
การจัดวางอุปกรณ์
ชดุควบคมุมอเตอร์
เซลล์เชื ้อเพลิง
ชดุแบตเตอรี ่
มอเตอร์
ถังไฮโดรเจน
ชดุควบคมุมอเตอร์
เซลล์เชื ้อเพลิง
ชดุแบตเตอรี ่
มอเตอร์
ถังไฮโดรเจน
การจัดวางอุปกรณ์
Study of Compositionin FC and Control
system
Auto rickshaws (Fuel cell)
Yield H2 > 40%
Cap. 33 L/Day
Cap. 50 L/Day
BipolarPlate
Membrane
Catalyst
Gas
diffusionmedia
DC-ACinverter
Coolingsystem andControlsystem
2550
2551
From NGBy Steamreformation
HydrogenHydrogen
ProductionProduction
Fuel Cell &Application
From BiogasBy Steam reformation
Yield H2 > 40%
Cap. 50 L/Day
HCNG Car
Mix H2 and NG
Ratio >15 %
fuel cell size 5 kW
Hydrogen Tank - Size 2
cu.m- Capacity of H2 280
g.
Fuel ConsumptionRate
8 g(H2)/km.
From BiomassBy Pyrolysis +
Gasifier
7373
Renewable DevelopmentRenewable DevelopmentBarriersBarriers
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Barriers and difficulties
1. Need high investment;2. Lack of supports from financial institutes;
3. Fuel supply stability and management esp. bio-fuels;
4. Protest of biomass power plant development;
5. Unattractive of Adder cost;6. Inadequate capacity of transmission line and high
cost of grid connection;
7. Long process for getting power purchase concession;
8. Obstruction of Law and/or regulation.
Barriers
7474
Conclusion
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• Need government supports to drive biomassutilization i.e.
o Policy direction or law;o Measures and tools.
• Avoid bottom necks of biomass developmenti.e. biomass supply,- access to grid network,- technology available, etc..
• Participation of community or public will be akey success factor.
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Department of Alternative Energy Development andEfficiency (DEDE) Ministry of Energy
17 Rama 1 Road, Patumwan Bangkok 10330www.dede.go.th
Thank youThank you
“ “ We commit to the stability of We commit to the stability of
energy development”energy development”