Developments in theDevelopments in theApplication of InformationApplication of InformationTechnology in BusinessTechnology in Business

Raphael GreenbergRaphael Greenberg

CIS 590CIS 590

The emergence of information The emergence of information technologytechnology

Late 1950’s thru 1960’s - Silicon chips & Late 1950’s thru 1960’s - Silicon chips & Integrated CircuitsIntegrated CircuitsEarly 1970’s - MicroprocessorsEarly 1970’s - MicroprocessorsEarly 1980’s - Micro-computersEarly 1980’s - Micro-computers

End-user ComputingEnd-user Computing

Key Changes:Key Changes:

1.1. User exposureUser exposure2.2. EconomicsEconomics3.3. ConvergenceConvergence

New approaches to system New approaches to system developmentdevelopment

Linear Linear CyclicalCyclical

Causes:Causes: Exponential effect of faultsExponential effect of faults Constant change in specificationsConstant change in specifications Maintenance in saturated environmentMaintenance in saturated environment

ChangesChanges

Quality assurance, quality control, quality Quality assurance, quality control, quality managementmanagement

High user involvementHigh user involvement

Unified developmentUnified development

New types of systemsNew types of systems

Decision support systemsDecision support systems

EmailEmail

Tele- & video-conferencingTele- & video-conferencing

Voice, text, and image processingVoice, text, and image processing

Shift from provision of data to provision of Shift from provision of data to provision of information and speeding up information information and speeding up information flowsflows

Important new roles for Important new roles for information systemsinformation systems

Information centers (support/mgmt)Information centers (support/mgmt)System strategy / Strategic system planningSystem strategy / Strategic system planningIncrease business competitionIncrease business competition

- build barriers against new entrants- build barriers against new entrants- change the basis of competition- change the basis of competition- change balance of power - suppliers- change balance of power - suppliers- tie in customers- tie in customers- switch costs- switch costs- create new products/services- create new products/services

New DevelopmentsNew Developments

Object-oriented programming/designObject-oriented programming/design

Client-server architectureClient-server architecture

Data communicationsData communications

Image processingImage processing

Multimedia applicationsMultimedia applications

E-commerceE-commerce

SummarySummary