developmental theories. theory: a definition a set of interrelated statements that provides an...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Developmental Theories
![Page 2: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Theory: A DefinitionTheory: A Definition
A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events.
![Page 3: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Psychoanalytic TheoriesPsychoanalytic Theories
The view that personality is fashioned progressively as the individual passes through various psychosexual stages:Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.
Three states of being: id, superego, ego
![Page 4: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Freud: Psychosexual Stages of Freud: Psychosexual Stages of DevelopmentDevelopment
The Role of the Unconscious Psychosexual Stages Fixation
![Page 5: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Erik Erikson: Psychosocial Erik Erikson: Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStages of Development
Epigenetic Principle Stages pose tasks and crises that
individuals must struggle through. Personality development takes place
throughout the entire life span.
![Page 6: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Erikson’s Nine StagesErikson’s Nine Stages Trust vs. mistrust Autonomy vs. shame and doubt Initiative vs. guilt Industry vs. inferiority Identity vs. identity confusion Intimacy vs. isolation Generativity vs. stagnation Integrity vs. despair Despair vs. hope and faith
![Page 7: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Behavioral TheoryBehavioral Theory
Concerned with observable behavior: what people do and say.
Behavior divided into units: responses Environment divided into units: stimuli Also called learning theory
![Page 8: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning
Process of stimulus substitution in which a new, previously neutral stimulus is substituted for the stimulus that naturally elicits a response
![Page 9: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Operant ConditioningOperant Conditioning
A type of learning in which the consequences of a behavior alter the strength of that behavior
![Page 11: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Behavior ModificationBehavior Modification Pathological behavior is acquired through
learning. The way to eliminate an unwanted behavior
is to stop reinforcing it.
![Page 13: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cognitive TheoryCognitive Theory
Cognition: Acts or processes of knowing
Representing, organizing, treating, and transforming information as we devise our behavior.
![Page 14: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Jean PiagetJean Piaget
Cognitive Stages in Development: Sequential periods in the growth or maturing of an individual’s ability to think--to gain knowledge, self-awareness, and awareness of the environment.
![Page 16: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cognitive Stages in Cognitive Stages in DevelopmentDevelopment
Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Formal
![Page 18: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cognitive Learning and Cognitive Learning and Information ProcessingInformation Processing
Cognitive Learning (Bandura, Mischel, Rosenthal and Zimmerman)
Imitation of behavior of socially competent models
Self-Efficacy Use of symbols
![Page 19: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ecological TheoryEcological Theory
Centers on the relationship between the developing individual and the changing environment.
Focus on the relationship between the person and the environment .
![Page 20: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Sociocultural TheorySociocultural Theory
Development (Vygotsky): Determined by the activity of groups
a.Child interacts with other persons
b.Assimilates social aspects of activity
c.Takes information and internalizes it
d. Social values become personal values
![Page 22: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ControversiesControversies
Mechanistic Model: Focuses on the universe as a machine composed of elementary particles in motion
Continuity: Learning is cumulative, building on itself.
Organismic Model: Focuses on the universe as a whole
Discontinuity: Individual is seen as passing through stages.
Different tasks call for different theories
Eclectic Approach: Selects from the various theories
![Page 23: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Nature Versus Nature:Nature Versus Nature:
The “Which” Question The “How Much” Question The “How” Question
![Page 24: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Behavioral GeneticsBehavioral Genetics
Jerome Kagan: Timidity Studies The Minnesota Twin Project Polygenic inheritance
![Page 25: Developmental Theories. Theory: A Definition A set of interrelated statements that provides an explanation for a class of events](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1c5503460f94c31cbf/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Evolutionary Adaptation Evolutionary Adaptation TheoryTheory
Natural Selection (Charles Darwin) Ethology Releasing Stimuli Imprinting Critical Period Sensitive Period