developmental disorders lecture.pdf · developmental disorders ‘should mothers of children with...
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Developmental Disorders ‘Should mothers of children with Fetal
Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) be prosecuted?
Presented by
Dr Jagjeet Jutley-Neilson,
Division of Psychology
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Fetal alcohol syndrome
Fetal alcohol syndrome is the leading
known cause of intellectual disability in
western civilization(World Health
Organization; DC&P; study by Ann
Streissguth)
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Historical view of alcohol as a
teratogen
Foolish, drunken, or
harebrain women
most often bring forth
children like unto
themselves Aristotle in Problemata
Rosett, 1984
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FAS Facts
• Alcohol diffuses through placenta
• Concentration in fetal blood is the same as in
the mother’s blood within a few minutes
• The fetus is able to metabolize alcohol 10% as
fast as the mother
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Alcohol-Related Birth Defects
Include:
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
1. Central nervous system problems
2. Low birth weight and height
3. Atypical facial features
Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE)
– Results from maternal alcohol abuse but are found
in the absence of the full-blown syndrome
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Narrow forehead
Short palpebral fissures
Small nose
Small midface
Long upper lip with
deficient philtrum
child with FAS
normal alcohol-exposed
mouse fetuses
The facial features of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
can be seen in both a child and a mouse fetus
that were exposed to alcohol during development.
(source: http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Science/curriculum.html
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Courtesy of Ann Streissguth
Growing up with FAS
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Brain damage resulting from
prenatal alcohol
photo:
Clarren, 1986
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Corpus callosum abnormalities
Mattson, et al., 1994; Mattson & Riley, 1995; Riley et al., 1995
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General Intellectual
Performance
FSIQ VIQ PIQ 40
55
70
85
100
115
Sta
nd
ard
sco
re
IQ scale
NC
PEA
FAS *
*
*
**
* *
Mattson, 1997.
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Neuropsychological
Performance
Mattson, et al., 1998
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Questions to ponder
• FAS and other alcohol-related birth defects are 100% preventable.
• What do we do with the mothers
– Is this a form of abuse
– Should the receive mothers receive the same treatment as someone who has physically or emotionally abused their child during infancy
– What do we tell expectant mothers ?
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Careers: Clinical
Psychology • Clinical
• Educational
• Occupational
• Counselling
• Forensic
• Health
• Sport & Exercise
• Neuropsychology
• Teaching and Research
Help people who
have
• serious mental
illness
• depression
• anxiety
• child & family
problems
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Careers: Educational
Psychologist Where?
Mostly for Local Education Authorities, some private,
in nurseries, schools, colleges, special units.
How?
Assess child’s learning problems and plan support.
May work with child, parents or school.
Write reports for SEN or courts.
Involved in policy planning.