Development of Clean Fleet Bus

Management Program

Sameera Kumar AnthapurTransport Research

Parthaa BosuIndia Representative

Clean Air Asia

SAFE Annual Convention

25 April 2013

About Clean Air Asia

Clean Air Asia’s mission is to promote better air quality and livable cities by translatingknowledge to policies and actions that reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissionsfrom transport, energy and other sectors.

Clean Air Asia was established as the premier air quality network for Asia the AsianDevelopment Bank, World Bank and USAID in 2001, and operates since 2007 as anindependent non-profit organization.

The Clean Air Asia Center is governed by a Board of Trustees headed by theChairman, Robert O’ Keefe from the Health Effects Institute and Sophie Punte as itsExecutive Director.

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www.cleanairasia.org

Clean Air Asia Programs

Rapid Motorisation in India

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1971 1981 1991 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

India - Composition of Vehicle Population

TwoWheelers

Cars, Jeeps & Taxis etc. Buses GoodsVehicle

OthersVehicles

Drivers

5

16 15 11 9

41 44 51 57

43 42 38 34

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2007 2011 2021 2031

NMT

PV+IPT

PT

Source: Study on traffic and transportation policies and strategies in urban areas In India``

• Travel speeds projected to fall from 26-17 kmph to 8-6 kmph in 2021

• The daily trips in the 87 urban centers are anticipated to double from 2286 to 4819 lakhs by 2021

Background

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Source: Study on traffic and transportation policies and strategies in urban areas In India

● All India, SRTUs with 1.3 lakh buses carry almost 7 crore people a day covering 1476 crore effective km

● 85% of the road travels (of a distance less than 300 km) are by bus

Background

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Source: “State Road Transport Undertakings: Profile and Performance 2009-10”& Institution of Transportation Policy Studies - A Study of Mid/Long-Term Railway NetworksITPS

Small number of vehicles moving large number of

people!

For example, in a city of over 35 lakh vehicles, BMTC has a fleet of 6200 vehicles and ferries almost 50 lakh

people a day

Buses

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• Bus as Public Transport is essential for providing mobility and reducing emissions

• The health impact from diesel emissions are an emerging area of concern and since buses moves primarily on diesel, reducing bus emissions is of prime importance

Bus Transport Essential but a Polluter

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Average Breakup of Costs

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Fuel usually makes up 31% of the total costs

Staff, 40%

Materials, 35%

Interest, 7%

Depreciation, 6%

Taxes, 7%Others, 5%

● Only 5 of the 37 SRTUs made profits in 2011-12. The combined loss was over INR 6500 crores

● Lack for monitoring and evaluation of fleets ● Capacity building of drivers, mechanics,

management etc. ● Large fragmented Private Operators● Deregulation of diesel affecting bottomline● Lack of branding and poor public image

Issues with Bus Operations

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Brand Recollection

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‘Killer’ Blue lines

http://www.gujaratseniors.com/2011/04/ahmedabadbrts-gets-two-international.html

Source: http://ibnlive.in.com/news/driver-of-killer-blue-line-arrested/44272-3.html

Unsafe crowded buses

Brand Recollection

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‘Good, comfortable’Source: http://www.digdesignstudio.com/projects/identity/BMTCFleet

http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3728212.ece

‘World Class’ Janmarg

● Improves Monitoring and Fuel Efficiency● Reduce Air Pollution● Lower Operations Cost● Extends vehicle life through improved

maintenance and driver behaviour● With no black smoke improves brand image of

the fleet/bus corporation as a ‘green’ or ‘eco friendly one’.

Advantages of Clean Fleet Management for Buses (1)

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● Combined financial savings from fuel and lesser use of spares

● Leads to greater financial flexibility ● Increased ridership, reducing number of

private vehicles on the roads and increasing the bus speed.

● Improved safety as eco-driving has been shown to also improve safer driving

Advantages of Clean Fleet Management for Buses (2)

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Project Objective

Development of Clean Fleet Management Tool/Model

3 Case studies (KSRTC, SETC, BMTC)

Development of National Framework

Clean Fleet Management Tool

● Developed by UNEP and TNT ● Improves Monitoring● Develops strategies to improve fuel

efficiency● Increases Awareness of Fleet Managers● Evaluates cost – benefit of interventions● Evaluates environmental impact of fleet

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Clean Fleet Management Tool - Interventions

Key Results (1)

No Clear Link between Emission Standards and Fuel Efficiency

5.07 4.91 5.11

3.69

4.5 4.51

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

BS I BSII BSIII

Entire fleet Sample data

4.6 4.343.7

4.28

0

1

2

3

4

5

BS I BS II BS III BS IV

BMTC KSRTC

Key Results (2)

High Variation of fuel efficiency of similar vehicle type

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

3.22 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6

freq

uenc

y

Avg fuel consumption (kmpl)

Key Results (3)

● Speed impact in urban operations (10%)● Tires impact intercity operations (2%)● Improving data collection and analysis process

can provide 4% improvement

Clean Fleet Bus Program

Framework developed based on roundtable discussions, stakeholder consultations with 33 experts of 18 Organizations

Govt Organizations - CIRT, ASRTU, ARAIBus Corporations - BMTC, KSRTC, SETC, DTCAssociations - SIAMManufacturers - Ashok Leyland, Tata Motors, VolvoResearch & NGO -Parisar, ITDP, CiSTUP, Embarq, PCRA, iMACS, CSE, Gubbi Labs

Framework

Systemic Interventions

1 Management Structure Clear VisionDocument, Adopt best practices and monitor impactsCoordinate with MC, Traffic Police, Transport Dept etc

2 Capacity Building Management TrainingStaff training for skill updation

3 Financing for Bus Transport

Innovative ContractsFare revision

4 Branding Buses Develop Communication StrategiesPromoting ‘Bus Day’

Driver & Conductors are brand ambassadors

5 Prioritizing Bus Transport Priority lanesCreation of ‘mini BRT’

TDM to control private vehicles

Framework

Technical Interventions

1 Data Collection & Analysis

Automated Data Collection, analysis software ,Standard proforma for easy collation,

Policy decision based on effective analysis

2 Driver Training Standardized driver training manualsCreation of national level certified institutions

3 Tires & Wheels Switching to radials and nitrogen filling helpfulClose monitoring to understand actual impact

Use of TPM

4 Innovative Design Lighter weight, Use of composite materialAerodynamicsLonger length

5 Emission Reduction Create incentives for emission reductionCleaner fuels, vehicles

Key Recommendations

● Involve Private Operators to create larger impact

● Provide incentives such as training, analysis, technology know how

● Create National Registry of private buses

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Assuming a 2% increase in fuel efficiency every year with a cap of 5.8 and 4 kmpl for ordinary and

low floor buses, a total of 2200 million liters of diesel can be saved every year for the next 15

years

Key Takeaway

Way Forward: Multi-stakeholder Framework (1)

Policy Makers/ Govt Agencies•MoRTH•MoUD•MoP&NG•City and State Governments•Civic agencies

Manufacturers and OEMs

Bus Corporations(Government and Private)

Development Agencies and Financial Institutions

Research and NGO

Industry Associations

Policy/ Legislation

Analysis/Design

Technology

Monitoring

Way Forward (2)

• Creation of an expert panel on fuel efficiency and emissions among stakeholders

• Pilot projects for demonstrating effectiveness• Scaling up for national level implementation• Short term goals of driver training, reducing

dead km, idling, data collection analysis• Long term goals of infrastructure, technology

improvements

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Donors in 2013Asian Development Bank � AECOM � Civic Exchange � Climate and Clean AirCoalition (CCAC) � ClimateWorks Foundation � DHL/IKEA/UPS � EnergyFoundation � Fredskorpset Norway � Fu Tak Iam Foundation � GermanInternational Cooperation (GIZ) � Institute for Global Environmental Strategies(IGES) � Institute for Transport Policy Studies � Institute for Transportation andDevelopment Policy � MAHA � Pilipinas Shell � Rockefeller Brothers Fund � ShaktiFoundation � Shell Foundation � Sida � UNCRD � United Nations EnvironmentProgram Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (UNEP PCFV) � UNEP DTIE �UNHabitat � USAID CEnergy � World Bank

For more information: www.cleanairasia.orgFor more information: www.cleanairasia.org