development of a modern bioenergy sector in sweden for bioheat, biopower and biofuels – how it was...
TRANSCRIPT
Development of a modern bioenergy sector in Sweden for bioheat, biopower and biofuels – how it was made possible
Vilnius 2007-11-08
Kjell Andersson
Swedish Bioenergy Association
• Non governmental, non profit organisation• 400 members, 300 companies & organisations• Representing both supply and demand of
fuel, equipment and knowledge• Aim: to increase the use of bioenergy in an economically
and environmentally optimal way
The Swedish Bioenergy Association, Svebio, is a non profit, non governmental member association with 400 members, whereof 300 enterprisesSvebio’s mission is to increase the use of bioenergy in an environmentally friendly and economically optimal way
Equipment manufactors
Producers of pellets andbriquettesDistrict heating companies
Biomass traders
Education/Consultants
Others
The Swedish Bioenergy Association
www.svebio.se
Bioenergy development in Sweden 1970-2005
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
197019731976197919821985198819911994199720002003
TWh
The bioenergy share of the total energy use
•1970: 9%
•1980: 11%
•1990: 15%
•2000: 20%
•2005: 26%
www.svebio.se
Share of bioenergy in total use in 2005
58,9%5,8%
2,3%
Heat Electricity Transport
167 TWh
147 TWh
100 TWh
Current trends in Sweden
Bio energy sectors growing fastest:
Liquid biofuels, Biopower, Pellets,
www.svebio.se
Share of biofuels on the transport fuels market in Sweden
20:2. Andel biodrivmedel i förhållande till total mängd bensin, diesel och
biodrivmedel utifrån energiinnehåll
0,0000
0,0050
0,0100
0,0150
0,0200
0,0250
0,0300
0,0350
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Andel
Andel etanol Andel RME Andel biogas Andel biodrivmedel (etanol, RME, biogas)
Biopower 2002-2010
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0
12,0
14,0
16,0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
TWh
KVV, Avfall
KVV, Torv
KVV, Biogas
KVV, Övr.Bio
Massaind.
WastePeatBiogasOther bioPulp ind
www.svebio.se
The Swedish pellets market (tonnes/year)
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005
TotalFamily houses
Source: Swedish Association of Pellets Producers
Now 66 percent bioenergy in district heating
E. Totalt tillförd energi för fjärrvärmeproduktion fördelad på olika
energibärare
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
TWh
Spillvärme
Värmepumpar
Elenergi
Oljeprodukter
Biobränsle
Kol och koks
Naturgas och stadsgas
Forest residues - tops, branches and trees of no industrial value
Residues from felling stacked to dry over summer, to be chipped
Traded wood fuels in Sweden 2005
• Bark and sawdust 11,2 TWh• Forest chips and mulch 5,6 TWh• Other chips and mulch 2,1 TWh• Unchipped forest residues 0,7 TWh• Roundwood 1,7 TWh• Recycled wood 0,9 TWh• Pellets, briquettes, powder 7,1 TWh• Imports 1,2 TWh• Total traded amount 30,5 TWh
Users of traded wood 2005
• District heating incl CHP 18,7 TWh
• Other heating, residential 2,5 TWh
• Industry (not internal use) 3,9 TWh
• Refining (eg pellets) 3,3 TWh
• Trading companies 1,5 TWh
• Export 0,6 TWh
• Total use 30,5 TWh
Not included in these figures!
• Internal use of woody by-products in forest industries, for drying, processes and electricity production (+ 12 TWh)
• Black liquor and tall oil (+ 40 TWh)
• Small scale firewood (+ 10 TWh)
Bioenergy use 1970-2005
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
TWh
Biodrivmedel
Bostäder
El i fjärrvärme
Fjärrvärme
Ind för elprod
Ind minus lutar
Lutar
Y
Driving forces for bioenergy development• External
Climate ChangeSecurity of supply (EU)Increased oil- and gas prices
• NationalPolitical will in SwedenIndustrial traditions and relevant raw material resources
Driving forces behind the growth in the heating market
• CO2 tax introduced in 1990/1991 - on all fossil fuels• Further raised CO2 tax paired with lower income tax• Support for district heating• Investment grants for biofuel projects• Investment grants for conversion from oil heating to heating with pellets.
www.svebio.se
What we need to make further growth possible
• Stable prices on wood fuels• Stable incentives like the CO2-tax and the green
certificates• Technical development to cut costs, to be able to
collect forest residues from thinning, and for energy crops
• Better logistics - transports by train and boat• Political support on all levels (local, national,
European)
20.1. Totalt antal registrerade biodrivmedelsfordon
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
40 000
45 000
50 000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Antal
Personbilar Bussar Lastbilar
Total number of Biofuel cars in Sweden
Fuels – Sweden 2006
Additional
FAME low blend; 0,60%
E85; 0,36%
FAME pure; 0,10%
Biogas; 0,27%
Ethanol busses; 0,13%
Ethanol low blend; 1,69%
Total
Diesel; 43,20%
Additional; 3,15%
Petrol; 53,66%
Driving forces behind the quick growth of liquid biofuels sector
• Carbon (CO2)taxation since 1991• Project support (tax deduction) for the first ethanol factory• Public support for ethanol vehicles (buses in Stockholm, ordering of FFV cars)• Good support from some oil companies (e.g. OK-Q8)• Long term tax exemption for transport biofuels• Low level blending expands market• Requirement for gas stations to offer biofuels• Free parking for environmental friendly cars and exemption from congestion
charges• Government subsidy for environmental friendly cars (2007)• Etc, etc…
Electricity from CHP plants 2004-2015
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0
12,0
14,0
16,0
200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015
TWh
Oil
Gas
Biomass
Coal
Waste
Electricity from heat and power production 2004 to 2009
Investeringar vid kraftvärmeutbyggnad
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Mkr
Total investments (per year)
Increase in electricity production
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Generated electricity, GWh
Generated Electricity from Forest Industry
Summary Bio power• Investment plans in forest and energy industry, € 4.8
billion• 66 plants; 19 forest industry, 47 energy industry• In total 6.5 new TWh will be produced, 5 from energy
industry and 1.5 from forest industry (Total 2016 about 15 TWh from biomass)
Bio power policy
• 1991: Investment grants, 25-30%. No CO2-tax on electricity, only on heat.
• 1997: Investment grants, 1 billion SEK to biomass based CHP plants
• 2003: 6.5 TWh biopower produced partly as a result of earlier policy
• 2003: Renewable Electricity certificates
Sweden has chosen certificates to increase the share of renewable electricity production• Electricity from renewables, such as bioenergy,
small-scale hydropower, wind and solar, get one certificate per MWh produced.
• Certificates are sold on a marketplace for electricity - Nordpool - since 1 May 2003.
• Market is created as the electricity buyers and distributors have to buy a certain share of renewable electricity. The quota is increased every year.
• The share (quota) was 7,4% - 20038.1% - 2004; 10.4% - 2005; 12.6% - 2006and 15.1% - 2007.
• It is going to increase up to 17.9% by 2010.• New government decision 2006 will
extend the system until 2016, +15 years.• The share of new renewable electricity will
increase from 6 TWh - 2002 to 17 TWh 2016.• In addition to the certificate system we have large-
scale hydropower, also renewable, 65 TWh.
How much more bioenergy can we produce and use in Sweden?
Svebio’s calculations show that we can double
www.svebio.se
Utilization and potentials for different biofuels in Sweden
Sources: ”Utilizing 2004”: Swedish Energy Agency
”Potential”: The Geological Service of Sweden, The Swedish Association of
Waste Management, LRF, SLU, Skogsstyrelsen
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Peat Waste Agri. Fuel Black liquor Wood fuels
TWh
Utilizing 2004Potential
www.svebio.se
