Development Needs of Master’s Programs in Global Health Nursing and Midwifery in Japan

Junko Tashiro, RN, PhD; Shigeko, Horiuchi, RN, SMW, DNSc;

Yasuko, Nagamatsu, RN MS; Michiko, Oguro, SMW, DNSc;

Yukiko, Manabe, RN, MS; Yuko, Hirano, RN, PhD

St. Luke’s College of Nursing,

WHO Collaborating Center for Nursing in PHC

The 1st International Nursing Research Conference of WANS

Sept. 20, 2009

Background (Global Trend)ＷＨＯ Policy on Strengthening Nursing and Midwifery 1989 ： WHA42.27 Resolution: Strengthening nursing/

midwifery in support of the Strategy for Health for All WHA45.5,49.1, 47.9, 48.8, 49.1, 54.12, 57.19, 59.23/27 2000 United Nations: The Millennium Development Goals

were accepted 　 2007 March: Islamabad Declaration 2008 Feb: Chang Mai Declaration 2008 March ： WHO Scale-up of Nurses and Midwives for Contribution to MDGs　　

Background (Japan) Strengthening Nursing & Midwifery is essential

to obtain Goals of Global Health. Japanese nurses and midwives have been

working to improve Global Health. Higher educational institutions in Nursing have

prepared International Nursing or Global Health Nursing programs.

40 ％ (67/168) of the BSN programs offered International nursing related subjects.

15 ％ (16/104) of the Master programs offered International or Global Health Nursing courses.

Purpose To describe developmental needs of current

master’s programs of International or Global Health Nursing in order to further develop and increase numbers of master’s prepared Japanese nurses contributing to global health.

-To examine current curriculum, teaching methods and materials.

-To form a consortium of faculties teaching international nursing and determine the core curriculum standard.

　

Method 1: Organization of Consortium of International Nursing & Midwifery

Secretariat

Global Health Midwifery Group

Global Health Nursing Group

Method 2 ： First Phase ： Investigate using Web-site

search for “higher educational institutions informing their “International or Global Health Nursing or Midwifery”

Second Phase: Invite members to International Nursing & Midwifery Consortium

Third Phase: The first Consortium Meeting on current curriculum of each master’s program was held, and information was collected

Ethical Considerations

An invitation letter to faculty members teaching International Nursing or Midwifery informed and invited them to sign-up for this project.

Participants agreed to present their educational programs.

The IRB of our Institution (No. 08-054 ) approved this study.

Result １： Participants of the Consortium of International Nursing &

Midwifery in Japan Nov, 2008 ： Agreeing to become members were Faculties

from:

- 3 Midwifery programs: (A, B. L)

- 7 Master’s course: (A,B,C,E,H,L,K)

　

Result ２： Midwifery Programs 3 Master’s programs of Midwifery Names of Sub-course in Midwifery

- 「 International Midwifery 」 (A),

　 - 「 International Health Midwifery 」 (B),

　 - 「 International Collaboration 」 (L),

Result ３： Midwifery-Educational Goals, Methods, and Contents

Goals Method Contents

A

Course

Prepare midwives for contributing to development of health in host countries

Lecture ： Com.1U Electives 2U

Seminar ： Elect. 1U

Practicum ： Elect. 2U

(Host countries)

Global Health Issues

Gender, Health, and

Development

Strategies for Development

International Co-operation

of Midwives

Activities of Midwives in Africa

BCourse

Prepare midwives for contributing to Global Health through midwifery practice, as well as international relief from disaster

Lecture ： 8U

Seminar ： 4U

Practicum:6U

Humanitarianism,

International Health, International Midwifery (Seminar and Practicum) Women’s Health Promotion Research Methodology, Approaches

LCourse

Prepare midwives for Global Maternal and Child Health

Lecture ： 2U

Seminar ：2U （ US ）(Com. 40U,

Electives ： 16 U)

Strategies or Global Health,

International Collaboration,

Midwifery in US,

(Community Health, Service-management, International Relations, Nursing Research, Theory, Ethics, Statistics, Administration, & Education)

Result ４： Challenges

Curriculum is overcrowded because of midwifery licensure requirements

Curriculum does not included “local anesthesia, episiotomy, suture, laboratory testing, and medications” due to limitations of responsibility of Japanese midwives compared to master’s programs in other countries

Result 5 ： International Nursing:Course Title, Teaching Methods and Credit Hours

International Nursing: A, B, C, E,

A: Special lectures （ including visiting professor’s) ４ cr, Seminar ４ cr, Research ８ cr, total 16 credits

B: Lecture ・ Seminar ・ Practicum Total 16cr

C: Special Lecture, Seminar, Research 14cr International Community Nursing ： J 32 cr and above, International Nursing Administration: K 4cr International Health Nursing: K NA

Result ６ -1 ： International Nursing: Educational Goals・ To gain fundamental as well as professional competence working with

collaborative projects in Nursing/Midwifery in developing countries （ A ）

・ To educate nurses to be collaborative partners in host countries in developing countries (B)

・ To educate nursing practitioners enabling technical cooperation for developing countries （ C)

・ To educate nursing researchers contributing to international or global health （ E)

・ To gain higher competence as global community health nurse based on PHC （ J)

・ To gain knowledge and skills of nursing administration in international or global health cooperation for enabling nurse management （ K)

Result 6-2 ： International Nursing: Teaching Contents A: Identifying global health issues, strategies and research: Assessment of health issues of a focused country; identify strategies to improve health status of the focused population based on literature review; conduct field survey or work and develop recommendation; B: Study on ICN position statement, MDGs, Human Development Index, Social epidemiology, Disaster nursing, Disaster cycle and nursing, Mental Health Care, Emergency Training Simulation; C: International nursing co-operation process and evaluation in developing countries; Cross cultural nursing for foreigners staying in Japan; J: International health; Social anthropology (electives) 、 Community health activity; Nursing ethics; Nursing and health policy; Nursing education; Nursing administration; Nursing consultation; Introduction of international community nursing/ practice/ seminar: Community development; H: International emergency relief; Nursing research methodology in International nursing

Result ７： International Nursing- Challenges Shortage of faculty members teaching

International or Global Health Nursing Limited number of students majoring in

International Nursing and enrollment is unpredictable.

Faculty members must also teach community nursing, nursing education, nursing administration, and disaster nursing

Result ８： Teaching Materials

Information from Web of International organizations such as: ･WHO http://www.who.int/en/ 　（ F ） ･ UNICEF http://www.unicef.org/ 　（ F ）

Existing English and Japanese reference, DVDs such as: ･Merson, Black, & Mill. (2000). International Public Health. An Aspen

Publication (A ） ･Werner, D. (1993). Where there is no doctor. Macmillan Education

LTD （ A ） Visual materials DVD: Case of International Cooperation （ K ） VTR of Midwifery practicum, Simulations （ L ）

Conclusions: International Nursing or Midwifery is a new

specialty based on global health needs, and developed from Community Health Nursing, Nursing Education, and Administration

Educational goals and competencies of International nurses and midwives are in common.

Major specialty issues are: faculty, curriculum, teaching contents and methods.

Further refinement of competencies in international collaboration, and development of core curriculum, is needed.

For further development In order to further develop International Nursing

& Midwifery: - Strengthen the consortium to increase sharing

information about human resources, educational events, and develop new systems for effective education.

Develop a network among higher educational institutions or faculty members of Global Health Nursing and Midwifery in other countries in order to strengthen multinational collaboration for Health Equity