development: gender gender-related development index gender empowerment

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Development: Gender Gender-related development index Gender empowerment

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Page 1: Development: Gender Gender-related development index Gender empowerment

Development: Gender

Gender-related development indexGender empowerment

Page 2: Development: Gender Gender-related development index Gender empowerment

Gender Inequalities

• According to the UN there is not a single country in the world where its women are treated as well as its men.

• Gender inequalities exists in every country of the world

• High HDI does not mean gender equality.

Page 3: Development: Gender Gender-related development index Gender empowerment

Comparing Gender Equality among countries

• Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) compares the level of development of women to men. (within a country)

• Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making.

Page 4: Development: Gender Gender-related development index Gender empowerment

Gender-Related Development Index

• Same indicators of developed used in HDI• Income• Literacy• Education• Life Expectancy• However, your rating goes down when there

are major differences in the well-being of men and women.

Page 5: Development: Gender Gender-related development index Gender empowerment

GDI cont…

• Ex. Iran and Mexico score the same on education but in Iran women less likely to attend school.

• Low GDI means women have a level of development less then men of the same country.

• Norway highest GDI of 0.941• Lowest GDIs in Sub-Sahara Africa

Page 6: Development: Gender Gender-related development index Gender empowerment

Economic Indicator differences

• In the US: – Average income ($) of women- $26,000– Av. $ of men- $43,000– Income gap of MDC is $15,000

LDC- less difference in $$$ but in % earned.

Page 7: Development: Gender Gender-related development index Gender empowerment

Social Indicators of Gender Differences

• Education and Literacy• Women are less likely to attend school in LDCs

than MDCs• Ratio of women to men in MDCs is 99:100 but

only 60:100 in LDCs

Page 8: Development: Gender Gender-related development index Gender empowerment

Demographic Indicators of Gender Differences

• Female baby born in MDC expected to live longer than male- 6 years in USA

• Female baby born in most LDCs only 2 more years

Page 9: Development: Gender Gender-related development index Gender empowerment

Gender Empowerment

• Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) measures the ability of women to participate in the process of achieving improvements.

• Calculated by combining two indicators of economic power: How much and type of job and Political Power : CEO, Manager, President.

Page 10: Development: Gender Gender-related development index Gender empowerment

GEM

• Perfect equality of power between women and men would have a score of 1.0

• MDCs in North America, Northern Europe and South Pacific have the highest scores

• Lowest scores are in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

Page 11: Development: Gender Gender-related development index Gender empowerment

Economic Indicators of Empowerment

• Percentage of women in professional and technical jobs indicates economic power held by women in a state

• More than half of professional and technically positions are held by females in MDCs, Less than ¼ in LDCs

• Share of national income held by women another indicator of women’s power in a state

• Every country in the world, women have a lesser share of national income than men

Page 12: Development: Gender Gender-related development index Gender empowerment

Political Indicators of Empowerment

• Managerial jobs represent the ability to influence the process of decision making

• Greater representation representation of women in MDCs than LDCs at the managerial level

• Percentage of women compared to men elected to office another indicator

• 13% of US congress female• Typically MDCs government 10% female; LDCs

less than 5%