developing vietnamese cadastral data standards based on iso 19100 (3576)

8/17/2019 Developing Vietnamese Cadastral Data Standards Based on ISO 19100 (3576)

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Developing Vietnam’s Cadastral Data Standards based on ISO 19100

DOI Do Duc, TH!" !gu#en Van, Dr$ "I!" Tran %ac&, T'! Vo n& and TO!

!gu#en (uang, Vietnam

)e# *ords: Standards; Cadastre; Digital cadastre; Geoinformation.

S'++-

For consistency in creating, managing, using and sharing cadastral data for land

administration purpose, it is critical that cadastral data standards be available. They ill serve

as the basis for standardi!ing cadastral data and for a land information system in "ietnam in

the future.The purpose of this paper is to present the approaches ta#en to developing cadastral data

standards for "ietnam and the #ey contents of the standards.

The cadastral data standards of "ietnam are developed based on international geodata

standards $S% &'&((, "ietnam)s basic national geodata standards and reference made to

developed cadastral data standards from several other countries. The contents of "ietnam*s

cadastral data standards include standards for cadastral data structures, standards for contents

of cadastral data, standards for cadastral data coordinate reference systems, standards for

cadastral data +uality, standards for cadastral data presentation, standards for cadastral

metadata, and standards for cadastral data echanging - distributing.

Cadastral data structures are designed based on obect oriented modeling, described ith/01, ith temporal data models used for storing historical data.

G01 application diagrams are derived from /01 diagrams, used for updating, echanging

and distributing cadastral data.

The purpose of having a uni+ue set of cadastral data standards is for standardising cadastral

data re+uired for consistent land procedures, for a national land database and a land

information system to be built, and for convenience in distributing and echanging cadastral

data for multi2users ranging from the Government, ministries, to various layers of governance

and local authorities and the community.

Developing Vietnam’s Cadastral Data Standards based on ISO 19100

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TS 45 2 1and Tools and Standards

D%$ Do Duc, T678G 8guyen "an, Dr. G$78G Tran 5ach, T/78 "o 7nh and T%78 8guyen 9uangDeveloping "ietnam)s Cadastral Data Standards based on $S% &'&((

th F$G egional ConferenceSpatial Data Serving


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DOI Do Duc, TH!" !gu#en Van, Dr$ "I!" Tran %ac&, T'! Vo n& and TO!

!gu#en (uang, Vietnam

&. I!TOD'CTIO!

The main purpose of this paper is to provide an overvie of "ietnam)s cadastral datastandards, hich are developed based on geo2data standards $S% &'&(( >"ietnam)s basic geo2

data?, particularly the draft versions of $S% &'@4 - 1and 7dministration Domain 0odel.

7ccording to the eisting technical regulations on cadastral mapping data and cadastral

attribute data "ietnam, data of these to types must be in close relation. 5ut in reality, it is not

alays that such relation is ensured. 7 common case is that attribute data is updated more

often than mapping data, and as such the relation beteen mapping data and attribute data

after some time becomes loose.

To moderni!e the land administration system of "ietnam, in addition to other obs about

finali!ing the legal frameor#, procedures for land administration and land registration, animportant thing to do is to finalise developing cadastral databases in the provinces.

The 1and $nformation System >1$S? is epected to contribute to improving the land

administration capacity in "ietnam. Aith 1$S, land information ill be updated and provided

to support decision ma#ing in land administration, land administration public services, and to

meet the land information need by other government agencies and by the hole economy.

6oever, it has been difficult for land information systems to be developed due to the fact

that "ietnam)s technical regulations are still lagging behind the development of G$S

technology in general and 1$S technology in particular. 7s such, 0inistry of 8atural

esources and =nvironment of "ietnam >0o8=? has decided to carry out a proect to

develop cadastral data standards, hich are epected to be used as a uni+ue tool for

developing cadastral databases as ell for promoting faster and in a sustainable ay the

development of land information systems in the provinces of "ietnam.

For such critical purpose, cadastral data standards have been developed based on conceptual

models and $S% &'&(( >"ietnam)s geodata standards?, particularly the conceptual models in

$S% &'&@4 as ell the eisting legal frameor# of "ietnam on land administration.

4. %C)"O'!D

&. Vietnam’s basic geodata standards

These basic geodata standards began to be developed in 4((@ and ere completed and issued

in February 4((B. These standards include (' modules based on $S% &'&(( of $S%3TC4&&

folloing $S% &'&(2


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Geographic feature classification

Coordinate reference system

Geo2metadata

Geodata +uality

Geodata presentation

=ncryption in geodata echange

The national basic geodata standards are the legal and technical frameor# that governs the

development of speciali!ed data standards. 7t present, the cadastral data standards set is one

of the to speciali!ed data standards sets developed by 0%8=.

The general model about applying $S% &'&(( and "ietnam)s basic geodata standards for

developing speciali!ed data standards is depicted belo:

$S% &'&((

57S$C G=%D7T7 ST78D7DS profiles

S


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Set of mapping symbols: governing presentation of cadastral map contents.

Cadastral map contents include such features as parcel boundary, house outline, socio2

economic points, hydrological features, transport features, topographic features.

7t present, both analogue cadastral maps and digital cadastral maps are stored in C7D0icroStation DG8 format for the purpose of land administration.

4. Cadastral attribute data

Cadastral attribute data include the folloing categories:

1and parcel

1and user

1and administrator

Shared and on land use

1and use purpose 1and use history

1and use temporal term

Financial obligation

1and use restriction

1and price


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To have a uni+ue format for data echange for the purpose of updating and

distributing cadastral data

To improve the +uality of cadastral data

$t is very important to have a uni+ue model for cadastral data structure and contents because

the eisting cadastral data regulations only govern traditional data contents: layers of mappingobects, cadastral attribute data, analog record forms, etc., therefore inconsistencies have been

caused hen such regulations are used to develop cadastral databases by the provinces.

The eisting regulations on data echange for updating and distributing cadastral data are

currently about distributing cadastral maps in 0icroStation DG8 format, or etracting parcel

maps from cadastral maps, or analog forms for data distribution.

The eisting regulations have made it difficult for developing cadastral databases using spatial

database technology as ell as echanging cadastral data; they have also restricted 1$S

applications.

E. CDST DT ST!DDS

&. Cadastral 2eature Catalogue

Cadastral feature catalogue is developed folloing the standards for geographical feature

catalogue - "ietnam)s basic geodata standards >based on $S% &'&&(?. The features defined in

the catalogue include:

Spatial features

7ttribute features

The main characteristics of features defined in cadastral feature catalogue include:

=ach feature has a uni+ue identifier developed in conformity to uuid >/niversally

/ni+ue $dentifiers?

=ach feature has temporal attributes: beginTime and endTime

/sing uuid helps maintain the relation beteen features in the cadastral database and facilitate

updating3synchronising cadastral databases.

The beginTime and endTime attributes are used for features that have different temporal

versions, facilitating their organi!ation in the cadastral database and alloing for retrieving

historical data at any point of the past.

/uid is used not only for all cadastral features >spatial and attribute? but also other features,

such as:


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The parcel identifier consists of administration code, cadastral sheet map code, and parcel

number in sheet.

4. Cadastral pplication Sc&ema

&. Spatial schema

The cadastral application schema includes definitions of data structure of geographical

features such as parcels, houses... and non2geographical features such as persons, rights, land

titles...

Spatial attributes of geographical features are presented using geometric primitives or

topological primitives.

For land parcels, inged2edge topology is used; therefore it is necessary to epand the spatial

schema of $S% &'&( to ma#e it suitable for the topology.

The leftFace and rightFace of DC=dge correspond to the coboundary of $S% &'&(. The

eternal=dge and internal=dge of DCFace correspond to the boundary of $S% &'&(. 7nd

the netight=dge, preight=dge, net1eft=dge, pre1eft=dge are the epansions re+uired to

support the inged2topology applied in "ietnam)s cadastral data standards.

The DC=dge, DCFace are defined as inherited from DC%bect; therefore, hen there is a

change to a land parcel >dividing or merging?, the boundaries or parcels that have a relation to

the changed boundary or parcel ill only have their topology changed.

4. /01 application schema

The DC%bect is developed based on the "ersioned%bect in $S% &'&@4 to facilitate

management of historical data in the database. To manage different versions of one feature

instant, the DC%bect uses one uuid for each feature instant. Therefore, the features of DC%bect include:

/uid for each feature instant

beginTime for each version of the feature instant

endTime for each version of the feature instant

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=ach cadastral feature hen changed >from one version to another or replaced to present

another feature? ill refer to a feature that describes transactions that changed the feature such

as transactionType, transactionDate, the authorities that process the transactions,....

The features in the cadastral application schema are grouped into to: spatial and attribute;

there is a relation beteen these to groups. =ach feature ill have sub2features to describe

changes of the feature in its life cycle. The figure belo depicts a feature about individuals

ith name that can be changed.

The land legislation of "ietnam recogni!es the right to use a land parcel and the right to on

the building and other properties associated to the parcel; therefore, in the cadastral data

standards, the core model of $S% &'&&@ has been epanded. Details are as follos:

The features that describe rights include: the feature for land use rights, and the featurefor onership of properties associated ith the parcel

Features about restrictions and obligations in relation to the features about land use

rights and onership of properties associated ith the parcel

To features ith registered rights: the land parcel >DCDCDCForest?, orchards >DC%rchard?, apartments >DC7partment?, non2residential

buildings >DC5uildngs$nstallations?

7s such, one party >individual, organi!ation, householdH? may have rights to use one or

more than one land parcels and have onership of one or more than one pieces of properties

attached to the land. $n special cases, the right to use the land parcel may belong to one person

hile the onership of the properties associated to the land may belong to another.

Relational diagram between party, land use right, right to own buildings and other

properties associated with land

The conceptual schema about parties is an epanded development from the 17


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Parties

E. $ntegrating basic geodata application schema into cadastral application schema

For land administration, there is a need for both detailed cadastral data and basic geographical

data. 7t present, "ietnam is finalising basic geodata standards. To avoid duplication and to

ensure compatibility for echanging and integrating cadastral data and basic geodata, e do

not redefine the features that have been defined in the basic geodata standards but only refer

to them.

The topics referred to include:

Frontiers, administrative boundaries;

eference;

Transport;

6ydrology; Topography

eference beteen the conceptual model of cadastral data and the conceptual model of basic

geodata is an important pre2condition for developing a universal spatial data infrastructure

here cadastral data is one component.

E. "+ application sc&ema or cadastral data

This part of the paper describes the #ey elements of the G01 application schema for cadastral

data. The G01 application schema is developed primarily for to purposes:

To provide a method, format for change update only;

To provide a format distributing cadastral data for other applications.

&. For updating

The land administration of "ietnam is divided into levels: central >General Department of

1and 7dministration2GD17?, provincial >Department of 1and 7dministration 2 D%8=?,

district >Section of 8atural esources and =nvironment 2 S%8=?, communal >communal

land administration?. 5asically, cadastral data is maintained and updated on three levels, i.e.

provincial, district, and communal. Therefore, maintaining and updating data across thesethree levels is urgently necessary to ma#e sure cadastral data is up to date and accurate. Ahen

there is a change in one database3at one level, updating is re+uired for the other to.

G01 application schema for updating cadastral data is developed based on a universal uni+ue

identifier for each feature instant.

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For cadastral data, it is re+uired that historical data is stored. Therefore, hen a feature

changes, ne version of it ill be created to update.

The type of features that update a cadastral feature to turn it into a historical feature in the

database:

7dding a feature of a changeType to define the feature as an update in case the update is

re+uired after an error has been made >changeType I /pdate? or adding a ne instant of thefeature or a ne feature >changeType I 8e?.

4. G01 application schema for distributing cadastral data

%ne feature instant has different versions; the versions have the same uuid and only differ in beginTime; therefore, the actual id of a version of the feature instant should be uuid and

beginTime. %n the other hand, G01 only supports relation beteen elements via J1in# and

re+uires that each element have one uni+ue id throughout the G01 records. Therefore, it is

impossible to use the G01 relation mechanism for coding the relation beteen features in the

cadastral application schema >as the actual id is uuid and beginTime?.

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The solution to this matter is that the G01 application schema is only used to support

distributing cadastral data at a specific point of time or distributing various G01 records for

various points of time.

. CO!C'SIO!

5ased on the draft standards $S% &'&@4 and others of $S% &'&((, the draft cadastral data

standards of "ietnam have been developed and are being piloted in some provinces and

finalised. They are scheduled to be issued for national use in Kune 4(&(.

/sing $S% &'&(( and "ietnam)s basic geodata standards, the development has been easier by

ta#ing on the conceptual models and standardi!ation methods recommended by $S% &'&((.

5asically, the conceptual model of cadastral data of "ietnam has been developed folloing

the obect2oriented model, hich is possible for storing historical data by applying temporal

data model, standardi!ing spatial topology data model for land parcels, suggesting a G01

application schema for updating and distributing cadastral data.

The developed cadastral data standards are also possible for integrating cadastral data and

basic geodata by offering a model for referencing to basic geodata features. This is the basis

for developing a universal spatial data infrastructure.

The cadastral data structure model is developed folloing the obect oriented model,

described in /01 and using temporal data model for storing historical data.

G01 application schema is derived from the /01 application schema and is used for

updating, distributing cadastral data.

7 uni+ue set of cadastral data standards offers the possibility for standardising cadastral data

re+uired for consistent land procedures, for a national land database and land information

system to be built, for convenience in distributing and echanging cadastral data for multi2

users ranging from the Government, ministries, to various layers of governance and local

authorities and the community.

5y using modern approaches and folloing the international trends in this regard, the

cadastral data standards of "ietnam are being highly ran#ed in both theoretical and practical

terms as compared ith regional countries.

.2..!C.S

&. 8ational basic geodata standards, 0inistry of 8atural esources and =nvironment

>0%8=?, 4((B

4. Cadastral data standards >Draft version?, General Department of 1and

7dministration >GD17?, 0inistry of 8atural esources and =nvironment, 4(('

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%IO"3HIC !OT.S

DOI Do Duc, Director, Centre of 7rchives and 1and $nformation, General Department of

1and 7dministration, 0inistry of 8atural esources and =nvironment of "ietnam.

TH!" !gu#en Van, Director, eLG$S,.KSC.

T'! Vo n&, "ice Director, Centre of 7rchives and 1and $nformation, General Department

of 1and 7dministration, 0inistry of 8atural esources and =nvironment of "ietnam.

"I!" Tran %ac&, "ice Chairperson, "ietnam 7ssociation of Geodesy - Cartography -

emote Sensing.

TO! !gu#en (uang, Centre of 7rchives and 1and $nformation, General Department of

1and 7dministration, 0inistry of 8atural esources and =nvironment of "ietnam.CO!TCTS

D%$ Do Duc

Centre of 7rchives and 1and $nformation,

General Department of 1and 7dministration >GD17?

0inistry of 8atural esources and =nvironment of "ietnam >0o8=?

B3' Giai "GC?

oom E(4, 5loc# @, 54, 8guyen 6ong St., Dong Da Dist, 6anoi, "ietnam

Tel. N B '(E4@@'BFa N B B4 E'B

=mail: tranbachgiang M gmail .com Aeb site: .vgcr.org.vn

T/78 "o 7nh

Centre of 7rchives and 1and $nformation,

General Department of 1and 7dministration >GD17?

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0inistry of 8atural esources and =nvironment of "ietnam >0o8=?

B3' Giai B.? E''(@B@ - Fa: >B.? E '(4(

=mail: toan#cs M yahoo .com Aebsite: .gdla.gov.vn

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developing vietnamese cadastral data standards based on iso 19100 (3576)

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