Developing Scalable Design for Converting Biogas to Electricity

Group 22Sung Hoon Bae (BME)Daniel Rim (ChBE)Chris Zachara (ChBE)Advisor: Dr. David OwensOwen Graduate School of Management

Bae, Rim, Zachara http://www.bme.vanderbilt.edu/srdesign/2009/group22/ BME 272: Oral Report #1

Outline

Problem statement Objective Background: biogas Methods Current status Future work Importance

Problem Statement

Bangladesh High population/high poverty rate

Population: 162 Million – 7th

GDP (PPP): $1,500 per capita – 153rd

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f2/Bangladesh_(orthographic_projection).svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg

Problem Statement

Only 30% electricity distribution (2002) 25% in urban and 10% in rural (2000) 79% of population in rural (1999)

Government efforts 30% to 38% distribution from 2002-2008 Slow progression

Objective

Create a generator (biogas) Household scale “Reasonable” retail price Sufficient output electricity

1-2 100W light bulbs for 6 hrs/day

http://www.odec.ca/projects/2007/sidd7g2/Images/appelectricty.gifhttp://image09.webshots.com/9/2/10/75/112721075ZEGbyv_fs.jpghttp://www.ct.gov/opapd/lib/opapd/newsletter-pics/dollar2520squeezed.jpg

Background: Biogas Anaerobic digestion or fermentation Biodegradable materials

Biomass, manure, sewage, and etc. Composition

Methane: 50-70% Dioxide: 30-40% Hydrogen: 5-10% Nitrogen: 1-2%

Application Electricity and heating

Background: Why Biogas?

Clean Fuel 80% less hydrocarbon and 60% less

nitrogen oxides than diesel Negligible concentrated particles or dust

Availability Organic material – virtually unlimited

Animal waste, food waste, and etc. 65% labor force in agriculture in

Bangladesh

Methods

http://www.i-sis.org.uk/graphics/chinaBiogas.jpg

Biogas digester

Methods

http://www.i-sis.org.uk/graphics/chinaBiogas.jpg

Generator Electricity

Biogas digester

Control

Current Status

Research Biogas

General information Biogas power plant

Generator Fluid (liquid vs. gas) Material selection

Design Brainstorming

Future Work

Brainstorming session with all three project groups

Consult with ChBE, ME, and EECE experts about the project/design

Generate drawings and specs and hopefully order necessary materials over winter break

Find an appropriate place to make and test the prototype

Importance

Provide electricity in rural area with reasonable price

May help with sanitization problem Increase activity time at night Can be distributed to other countries as

well

References Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division

(2009) (.PDF). World Population Prospects, Table A.1. 2008 revision. United Nations. <http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf>. Retrieved 2009-03-12.

"Bangladesh". <International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=513&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9. Retrieved 2009-10-01>.

<http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/IDA/0,,contentMDK:21387765~menuPK:3266877~pagePK:51236175~piPK:437394~theSitePK:73154,00.html>.

<http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/national_energy_grid/bangladesh/index.shtml>. .

http://www.malmberg.se/module.asp?XModuleId=14085