det crc: an updatedetcrc.com.au/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/12/science-at-the... · det crc:...
TRANSCRIPT
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Richard Hillis, CEO &Christian Dupuis, Program 2 Leader
Hyatt Regency, Perth, 26 March 2012
DET CRC: An Update
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World Copper Production
0
10
20
30
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
Mine Production (Mt pa Cu metal)
Sources: US Geological Survey (1900-83), Brook Hunt (1984 onwards)
Forecast
2005
1981
2030
Average 3.4% pa growth rate 1900-81 Average 2.0% pa
1982-2005
Average 3.2% pa
1986-2030
Copper consumption over the last 25 years accounted for half of all copper metal ever mined in the world
World consumption over the next 25 years will exceed all of copper metal ever mined to date
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Copper Reserves
Source: Rio Tinto, 2009
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Copper ExplorationPrimary copper deposits >0.3Mt found in western world: 1950-2009
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Deeper Targets
Source: Rio Tinto, 2009
Depth of cover for copper discoveries (>4 Mt Cu)
Date of Discovery
Depth to Top of D
eposit (m)
Australian mineral exploration expenditure rose 2.9% to $945M
in the Dec 2011 Q, but metres drilled fell 6.4% (ABS data)
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Effect of Depth on Value
Modelling for a Voisey’s Bay style orebody in remote WA(30 Mt @ 2.5% Ni, 2.0% Cu; 20m thick, 60°dip)
Source: Hronsky, 2005
IRR
NPV
(m)
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DET CRC Overview: Animation
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What is the DET CRC?• backdrop of declining minerals inventory, declining
exploration success and deeper targets: need effective methods for exploring under cover
• not-for-profit company with independent, skills-based board and representative Science Steering Committee
• $AUS 119M over 2010-2018 ($28M cash from Australian Government $26M cash & $65M in-kind from participants)
• world’s best-supported independent minex research initiative
• combines miners, research providers and service companies (service companies have key role in commercialisation)
• technology not science: impacting exploration workflow• industry-driven: projects from AMIRA International’s
drilling technology roadmap• Participants: $AUS 450k pa (~32:1 leverage)• Affiliates: $AUS10k pa
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• allocated ~30% of CRC’s resources to a portfolio of 12 three year projects late 2010 (scoped in CRC proposal)
• ongoing ~16 months• new Participant funding, currently allocating ~10% of CRC’s
resources to portfolio of two year Opportunity Fund projects early commercialisable outcomes gaps in our current portfolio hit Commonwealth milestones
• government and internal reviews early-mid 2013, third round resource allocation late 2013
OUR PLAN IS TO FIND GIANT NEW MINERAL DEPOSITS UNDER COVER
WE’RE NOT FINDING ENOUGH NEW MINERAL DEPOSITS
THE VISIONARY LEADERSHIP WORK IS DONE. HOW LONG WILL YOUR PART TAKE?
DET CRC Projects
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~100 researchers in 8 different organisations
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DET CRC HQ Embedded with Industry at Boart Longyear’s Adelaide Airport Facility
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IP and Role of Service Providers
Mining Companies
Drilling Equipment Manufacturers/
Technology Service Providers
R&D Providers
Research & Technology Transfer
Drilling equipment manufacturers & service providers offer a natural
route to commercialisation
Mining companies and geological surveys are
the end users
IP Creation
DETCRC
IP Licencing
IP Utilization
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3 pilot driller training programs: 24
unemployed trainees, 15 now in drilling
industry
Target of 40 PhD completions over 8
years: 21 PhD projects commenced
Education & Training
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Research Project Areas
• Next Generation Drilling Technologies
• Fundamentals of Rock Fragmentation
• Drilling Optimisation
• National Drilling Testing & Training Facility
Drilling Technologies
Logging and Sensing
Deep Targeting
• In Front of Bit Sensors for Real-Time Drilling Optimisation
• Sensors for Rapid Down-Hole Rock Characterisation
• Integration of Geophysical & Petrophysical Data for Timely Mineral & Lithology Discrimination
• Joint Inversion of 3D Seismic and MT Data
• 3D Seismic for Hard Rock Environments
• Hypogene Alteration as a Vector for Drilling
• Defining and sampling deep cover
• SA case study integration
• are we always going to send core for assay?• are we always going to drill straight holes?• can we drill follow-up holes without de-mob?• can we increase effective radius of the borehole?
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Program 1: Drilling
Program Leader: Gary Cavanough (CSIRO)
Objective: Reduce the cost and environmental impact, and increase the safety, of drilling exploration holes by delivering incremental and transformational changes in drilling technology facilitated by a unique drilling research and training facility
1.1 Next Generation Drilling Technologies(Gary Cavanough, CSIRO)
1.2 Fundamentals of Rock Fragmentation(Luiz Franca, CSIRO)
1.3 Drilling Optimisation (Andrew Olsson, CSIRO)
1.4 Drilling Research and Training Facility(Peter Kanck , Boart Longyear)
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• ~1,000m Alberta gas wells with 4.5” casing• 1000s of such wells drilled annually by CT• soft, predictable sedimentary rocks• 2-3 hours move in and rig up time (minimal
surface preparation/disruption)• fast penetration rates: up to100m/hr• 2 wells/day achieved• $US 8,000 per well for drilling
• improved cost, safety, environmental impact and hole stability in minex
• key challenges for minex include: coil durability, low WOB/high RPM drilling, downhole impact tool and CT coring tool
• target: $50/m
Project 1.1: Coiled Tubing Drilling for MinEx
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Initial One-Year Scoping Project Conceptual design with review and calculations of CT rig for hard rock drilling.
1.1.1 CT Rig Components Develop, design and build CT drilling infrastructure at Brukunga (i.e. reel, injector and control systems)
1.1.2 CT Coil Tube Develop the coil tube for hard rock drilling
1.1.3 CT Motors & Cuttings Transport Develop downhole motors and cutting transport methods for hard rock drilling
Project 1.1: Coiled Tubing Drilling for MinEx
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Project 1.1: Percussion Drilling Test Facility (CSIRO, QCAT Facility, Queensland)
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Percussive Drilling Research Platform at CSIRO, QCAT (Brisbane)• perform percussive drilling studies under lab conditions• sound attenuating test chamber• full PC control and instrumentation• 40 kW hydraulic motor and high pressure hydraulic pump• simulate range of industry problems, fatigue testing and bit design• in situ testing of 10 tonne hard rock specimens
Project 1.1: Percussion Drilling Test Facility (CSIRO, QCAT Facility, Queensland)
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Project 1.1: Percussion Drilling Test Facility (CSIRO, QCAT Facility, Queensland)Percussive Drilling Research Platform at CSIRO, QCAT (Brisbane)• investigating drill rod coupling losses using strain gauge techniques• investigating rock-bit interface and drill bit wear rates• investigating optimum configurations for maximum ROP and bit life• comparing actual to model-based predictions of complex drilling systems
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Project 1.2: Fundamentals of Rock Fragmentation
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Lab Testing Equipment• Thor: segments/block testing• Echidna: bit testing (<30 mm) Cutting/Drilling tests• experiments with different segments• experiments with different bits (matrix hardness)Model• rock interface laws for stationary response (given
state of wear)• non-stationary response : first evidence that
operating parameters (WOB, ROP) can affect wear rate of segment/bit.
Collaboration• acoustic monitoring & FE modelling of diamond
failure (Adelaide)• bilinear oscillator of drill bits (Curtin)
Con
tact
dom
inat
ed
Mor
e co
ntac
t (c
lean
ing)
Cut
ting
dom
inat
ed
Project 1.2: Fundamentals of Rock Fragmentation
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Project 1.3 Drilling Optimisation
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Carbon Fibre Drill Rod
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Carbon Fibre Rod Manufacture from 2:15
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Project 1.3: Carbon Fibre Rod with Embedded Sensor
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Project 1.3: Housing for Rod Positioning Vision System
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Project 1.3: Rod Positioning Vision System
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Laser rod stacker sensor
Project 1.3: Rod Stacker Sensor
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Project 1.4: Brukunga Drilling Research and Training Facility
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Project 1.4: Brukunga Core
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Mag Sus (SI * 10^-5)
SG (g/cm3 * 100)
Metres down hole
Sulphide zonesmagnetic & dense
Dominantly pyrite, chalco-, pyrrho- & arseno-
Alteration zone around mineralisation
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DETCRCDDH-1
Project 1.4: Brukunga Gravity Survey
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Program 2: Logging & Sensing
Program Leader: Christian Dupuis (Curtin University)
Objective: Increase the value of holes drilled by real-time down-hole or top-of-hole evaluation of intersected mineralization, detect near-misses and enable immediate follow-up drilling by real-time refinement of exploration and life-of-mine models.
2.1 In Front of Bit Imaging (Binzhong Zhou, CSIRO)
2.2 Sensors for Rapid Down-Hole Rock Characterisation (Stephen Fraser, CSIRO)
2.3 Integration of Geophysical and Petrophysical Data (Richard Chopping, GA)
2.4 Joint Inversion of 3D Seismic and MT Data (Graham Heinson, University of Adelaide)
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Project 2.1 In Front of Bit Imaging
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Project 2.1: Seismic While Drilling at Brukunga –
Location of Geophones
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Project 2.1: Seismic While Drilling
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Power spectra comparison on drilling (red) and no drilling (black)
Project 2.1: Seismic While Drilling
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Filtered Correlation ResultVelocity estimation
Project 2.1: Seismic While Drilling
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Project 2.2 Sensors for Rapid Down-Hole Rock Characterisation
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Project 2.2: Geochemical Logging Tool
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Project 2.2: Autonomous Shuttle Geophysical Probe
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Project 2.3 Integration of Geophysical and Petrophysical Data
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Program 3: Targetting
Program Leader: David Giles (University of Adelaide)
Objective: Ensure that drill holes are placed to maximise their success and the knowledge they produce by developing new seismic and geochemical methods for exploration and integrating such into new exploration workflows in drilling, logging and sensing.
3.1 3D Seismic Exploration for Hard Rock Environments (Milovan Urosevic Curtin University)
3.2 Hypogene Alteration (James Cleverley, CSIRO)
3.3 Geochemical Sampling of Deep Cover (Steven Hill, University of Adelaide)
3.4 South Australian Data Integration (Martin Fairclough, PIRSA)
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Project 3.1 3D Seismic Exploration for Hard Rock Environments
Low cost Hillside seismic survey.Can steeply dipping ores shoots be seen?
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Project 3.1 3D Seismic Exploration for Hard Rock Environments
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Projects 3.2 & 3.3 Hypogene Alteration& Geochemical Sampling of Deep
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Projects 3.2 & 3.3 Hypogene Alteration& Geochemical Sampling of Deep
Best practise workflows for pXRF
Exciting calcrete sampling results
Geochemical anomalies discovered in cover flanking Hillside copper-gold discovery: base of cover is gold-rich and palaeo-redox interfaces are copper-, uranium- and REE-rich.
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Projects 3.2 & 3.3 Hypogene Alteration& Geochemical Sampling of Deep
Characterising background and anomalous geochemistry in cover and basement
Will sample 100-150 drill holes in the central Yorke Peninsula
Samples will cover • 1 m at base cover• 1m at top basement• 1m 10m into basement
Analysed for whole rock geochemistry
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Project 3.4 South Australian Data Integration
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Project 3.4 South Australian Data Integration
Base of cover and basement geochemical and hyloggersampling centred on the Emmie Bluff Prospect.
Demonstrates combination of bulk geochemistry and hylogger mineralogy in recognition of alteration halos on simple discrimination diagrams .
EmmieBluff
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Project 3.4 South Australian Data Integration
Sericite, coloured by white mica wavelength from HyLoggerAssays from sampling top basement every 10m
Blue = short wavelength(muscovite, acidic, PROXIMAL)
Red = long wavelength(phengite, neutral, DISTAL)
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CT Rig drilling at $50/m sampling cover and basement
Lab-on-rig detects
geochemical vectors within
3.5 km of mineralised
system
Technology Push(R&D Providers)
Market Pull(Government &
Mining Companies)
Commercialisation(Suppliers)
A New Exploration Model?
Government co-sponsored
regional 5km x 5km grid drilling program
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A New Exploration
Model?
Existing drilling is largely chasing geophysical and/or geochemical anomalies, is
subject to many ‘false positive anomalies’, and
does not inform about true background and anomalous geochemical, mineralogical or petrophysical signals of
mineralised systems.
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PACE-type contract to drill 730,000m on 5km x 5km grid
for cover and basement sample at $50/m: $36.5M
Combined with 5km x 5km vectoring (lab-on-the-rig)
technologies, every IOCG-type mineralized system in
the province would be discovered
A New Exploration
Model?
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PACE-type contract to drill 131,000m on 10km x 10km grid for cover and basement
sample at $50/m: $6.6M
A New Exploration
Model?
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Research highlights
Top 10 Research Outcomes1. Boart Longyear’s SC9 drill rig and research equipment commissioned
and drilling at Brukunga Drilling Research and Training Facility.2. World’s first successful minex drilling with a carbon fibre rod. Core
orientation electronics embedded in CF rod and lab tested. 3. Prototype vision system for automated rod alignment bench tested
and being fitted to Brukunga rig for field trials.4. Real-time, remote rig monitoring system developed at Brukunga being
installed on a rig for Newcrest.5. SWD tests confirmed that detectable signals from a percussion bit and
seismometers set up for testing signal from diamond bit at Brukunga.6. World’s first logging-while-drilling system for minex comprising a
natural gamma sensor that will be sent downhole on a shuttle and retrieved with the drill rods ready for field testing.
7. Geochemical neutron logging tool ready for field testing.8. Workflow for cloud-based geophysical modelling developed.9. Seismic survey at Rex Minerals’ Hillside copper-gold discovery: sub-
vertical bodies known from drilling imaged.10. Confidential calcrete sampling results.