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desordenes lenguaje

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Language Disorders in Children: Classification and Clinical Syndromes Mark D. Simms, MD, MPH a,b, * a Section of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA b Child Development Center, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, PO Box 1997, Mail Station 744, Milwaukee, WI 53226–1997, USA Language development is a central feature of cognitive and social devel- opment in humans. A principal purpose of language is to mediate interac- ti ons be twee n in di vi dual s. La nguage al so he lp s us to un de rsta nd th e world and our experiences in it. Words provide a means to learn new con- cepts and organize thoughts. According to Pinker [1], development of lan- guage is instinctual: Language is not a cultural artifact that we learn the way we learn to tell time or how the federal government works. Instead, it is a distinct piece of the biological makeup of our brains. Language is a complex, specialized skill, which develops in the child spontaneously, without conscious effort or formal instruct ion, is deployed without awareness of its under lying logic, is qualitatively the same in every individual, and is distinct from more general abilities to process information and behavior intelligently. When language fails to develop naturally, however, the consequences are widespread and potentially severe. Communication disorders are among the most common developmental pro ble ms encountered in genera l pediatrics. Thepre vale nc e of language de lay in children varies with age. At 24 months of age, up to 17% of children are thought to have delay ed onset of talking [2]. The causes of such delaye d devel- opme nt are varied. Poor spee ch or language deve lopment are of te n associated with chronic physical health problems (eg, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, cleft lip and palate); mental retardation; birth defect syndromes; social and environ- men tal dis adv ant age ; or aut ism spe ctrum dis ord ers. Of the se comorbid co nditions , me nt al retard at ion is th e most common. In on e st ud y of  * Child Devel opment Center, Children’s Hos pit al of Wis consin, PO Box 1997, Mai l Station 744, Milwaukee, WI 53226–1997. E-mail address: [email protected] 0031-3955/07/$ - see front matter Ó 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Pediatr Clin N Am 54 (2007) 437–467

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http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/113/3/e238
http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/113/3/e238
http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/113/3/e238
http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/113/3/e238
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