designing an appalachian folk art museum. what is appalachia? geologically: mountain range in...
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DESIGNING AN APPALACHIAN FOLK ART
MUSEUM
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What is Appalachia?
• Geologically: mountain range in Eastern North America
• Politically: 406 counties in 13 states
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What is Appalachia?
• Unique culture– Crafts– Music– Cuisine– Heritage– Believes– Specific ethnic group
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Map of Appalachia
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•Appalachian Mountains
• Oldest mountains in the world
• Created 300-350 million years ago when the North American and African tectonic plates collided
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Before 1700
• Area settled by Native Americans• The Cherokees of North Carolina
were the largest group.• They farmed and hunted.• Sequoyah, a Cherokee chief,
invented an alphabet for his people.
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1700s
• Settlers from England, Scotland, and Ireland began moving into the area.
• Cumberland Gap– Major passage through mountains– Where Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia
meet– Discovered by Daniel Boone by observing
buffalo
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Revolutionary War1775-1783
• 1777 Battle of Saratoga
• 1780 Battle of King’s Mountain
• British defeated in both battles
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Trail of Tears1830
• Cherokees, main Appalachian tribe• Andrew Jackson’s Indian Removal Act• Forced march to Oklahoma
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Civil War
• Most Appalachians didn’t own slaves
• Most Appalachian regions allied with the Confederacy
• Many cases of brother fighting brother
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Late 1800s
• Businessmen recognized wealth in mountains: timber, coal, and natural gas
• Many Appalachians sold their “mineral rights” for 50 cents an acre
• Some Appalachians were hired to work on their former property digging coal, cutting timber, drilling gas
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1940s
• More industrial mechanization• Fewer jobs• Communities broken up as
Appalachians move to industrial centers
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1950s
• Since World War II, 4 million Appalachians have moved out of the area for economic reasons
• In Ohio 34% of Cincinnati’s population, 40 % of Dayton’s, and 60% of Hamilton’s of Appalachian descent
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Ten Values Common to Appalachiansby Loyal Jones, scholar and co-founder of the
Berea College Appalachian Center
1. Individualism, Self-Reliance, Pride - most obvious characteristics; necessary on the early frontier; look after oneself; solitude; freedom; do things for oneself; not wanting to be beholding to others; make do
2. Religion - values and meaning to life spring from religious sources; fatalistic (outside factors control one's life, fate, believe things happen for a reason and will work out for the best); sustains people in hard times
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3. Neighborliness and Hospitality - help each other out, but suspicious of strangers; spontaneous to invite people for a meal, to spend the night, etc.
4. Family Solidarity or Familism - family centered; loyalty runs deep; responsibility may extend beyond immediate family; "blood is thicker than water”.
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5. Personalism - relates well to others; go to great lengths to keep from offending others; getting along is more important than letting one's feelings be known; think in terms of persons rather than degrees or professional reputations
6. Love of Place - never forget "back home" and go there as often as possible; revitalizing, especially if a migrant; sometimes stay in places where there is no hope of maintaining decent lives
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7. Modesty and Being Oneself - believe one should not put on airs; be oneself, not a phony; don't pretend to be something you're not or be boastful; don't get above your raising
8. Sense of Beauty - displayed through folksongs, poems, arts, crafts, etc., colorful language metaphors, e.g. "I'm as nervous as a long-tailed cat in a roomful of rocking chairs."
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9.Sense of Humor - seem dour, but laugh at ourselves; do not appreciate being laughed at; humor sustains people in hard times
10. Patriotism - goes back to Civil War times; flag, land, relationships are important; shows up in community celebration and festivals
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Mountain Arts & Crafts
• Painting• Doll making• Quilts • Wooden toys and other objects• Pottery