designed-or-evolved. bombardier beetle. ppt
TRANSCRIPT
8/13/2019 Designed-Or-Evolved. Bombardier Beetle. Ppt
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Designed or Evolved ?
Is life evolved without a goal ?
Or is life designed with a purpose ?
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Problems of Evolution
• Evolution steps must be small
(otherwise new specie has no mate….)
• Problem 1: Life exhibits many irreducibly complex systems that are not likely to have evolved by smallsteps
• Problem 2: Researchers have found many look-alike
animals evolved from completely different ancestors – implying that many independent evolution paths
have converged
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Irreducibly Complex Systems
• Biological systems that can only be developedby a chain of evolutionary steps where eachintermediate step creates an apparently
useless system and only the final step resultsin a useful system
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Example Irreducibly Complex System
• Mouse trap:
Every part must be in right placeEvery part must have right dimension
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Irreducibly complex system
• Bombardier beetle:
This beetle has a chemical cannon inhis abdomen that helps it defend itself
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Chemical reaction in beetle:
• This chemical reaction takes place inside theBombardier beetle abdomen:
Hydroquinone is a powerful reductorHydrogen peroxide is a powerful oxidator
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Firing the chemical cannon:
Chemicals stored in upperchamber. Inhibitor preventsHydroquinones andHydrogen peroxide fromreacting.
Two enzymes stored inlower chamber:
PeroxidaseCatalase
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Evolving the chemical cannon….
• Step 1: beetle learned to produce HydrogenPeroxide
• Question: what's would the beetle use HydrogenPeroxide for ????
• Net result: Zilt... Beetle is no more better off in
defending itself …
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Evolving the chemical cannon…
• Step 3: beetle learned to produce inhibitor forHydroquinone and Hydrogen Peroxide
• Beetle can now store Hydroquinone and HydrogenPeroxide in one chamber… big deal
• Net result: Zilt... Chemical cannon is still not
functional
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Evolutionary Dilemma
• How did the inhibitor evolve ???
• if Hydroquinone and Hydrogen Peroxide were stored
separately, there was absolutely NO NEED to"evolve" the inhibitor
• if Hydroquinone and Hydrogen Peroxide were stored
together, they would react immediately and it'sTOO LATE to "evolve" the inhibitor (because thebeetle will be dead…)
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Evolving the chemical cannon…
• Step 4: beetle learned to produce Peroxidase
• Peroxidase converts Peroxide to Oxygen which will
immediately react with Hydroquinone
• Net result: SUICIDAL beetles !!!... because theresulting chemical will poison the beetle....
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Evolving the chemical cannon…
• Step 5: beetle learned to produce Catalase
• Net result: EXPLODING beetles !!!..... because
the oxygen and hydroquinone will react SO FAST thatthe beetle's abdomen explodes....
• Why ???? - Because there is NO DELIVERY
SYSTEM !!!
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Reflection time...
• Irreducible complex system evolved by a chain ofevolutionary steps – each intermediate step lead to
no gain at all
•
How likely is such an irreducible complex system evolved ???
• Consider how irreducibly complex systems in real life
– like the mouse trap - “evolve” ?• They are all designed by an intelligent being with a
purpose in mind !!!
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Converging Evolutionary Processes
• This is yet another problem facing the “Theory” of
Evolution
• Recently, research in evolution has discovered many
species of animals that required a drastic change inevolutionary thinking
• They call this phenomenon Convergent Evolution
• Evolution must now explain why many randomprocesses head towards the same direction
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Convergent Evolution Example 1
Fishes in two near-bylakes in Africa exhibitincredible likeness
How come thesefishes look somuch alike ???
Fishes in different lakes:
Lakes in Africa:
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The evolutionary explanation
Long ago, the lake level washigher and the lakes wereinterconnected – there was
only ONE kind of each fish
Later, water level dropped,separating the lakes. Thenthe fishes in different lakesdeveloped separately
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Any Evidence ???...
•
If the fishes from different lakes has a commonancestor, their DNA patterns will be related
• Researchers Ruber, Verheyen and Meyer (Europeans)did a DNA analysis on the different fishes...
•
Their findings: DNA were so different that fishes fromdifferent lakes most likely have different ancestors !
• In other words:
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Convergent Evolution example 2
Australian birds European birds
DNA analysis shows that birds 1,3 and 4 are closerrelated to each other. So also birds 2, 5 and 6.
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Convergent Evolution example 3
• Anolis lizards from the Greater Antilles (Cuba,Jamaica, Dominique and Puerto Rico)
• No pictures, but I have a Science paper that you canread
• Findings are the same: Lizards on different island
look alike, but have completely different genomes sothat they most likely have different ancestors
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Reflection time...
• Evolution relies on random mutations
• If the mutations are not there, naturalselection will have nothing to work with...
• Convergent Evolution requires that therandom mutations in different species tocooperate and drive change the specie
towards the same direction• The mutations are no longer random ???
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Implications of Convergent Evolution
• Can’t use “looks” to draw conclusion on
descend
• Fossil records are useless to find descend order:
These animals may look alike, but...
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Reflection time...
• Is life evolved without any purpose ?
• The “Theory” of Evolution has a hard time producingevidence in support of this (Miller’s useless
experiment, Haeckle’s embryo’s fraud, Horse’s non-evolution, etc)
• The “Theory” of Evolution has a hard time explaining
a number of extremely unlikely phenomenon in life
• Maybe is life designed with some purpose ???
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Imaginary mind trip...
This device performs better than any vehicleinvented by humans...
We are told that it was created by a superintelligent race called the “ Ancients”
Imagine one day that this really happens toyou…What will you think/believe ???
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2004 – A space odyssey
Micro-machines:
These micro-machines moveusing molecular engines:
On a remoteplanet, you find...
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2004 – A space odyssey
• Design of the molecular engine:
Engine in action:
Different colors represent different molecules
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2004 – A space odyssey
• Engine is constructed with over 40 different types ofmolecules – each type serving a different function
• Size of engine is a less than a micron (need anelectron microscope to see its structure)
• Engine can go over 20,000 RPM
• Engine is almost 100% efficient
• Humans can’t build this kind of engines (yet)
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2004 – A space odyssey
• Would you believe this microscopic engine came aboutby itself ?
• Would you believe this microscopic engine wasdesigned by some super-intelligent being ?
This micro-engine issmaller than a hair !!!
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2004 – A space odyssey revealed
• The remote planet is...
• Earth
• The micro-machine is...
• E. Coli bacteria
• The micro-engine is...
• its flagellum
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Reflection time...
• Can such a delicate micro-engine come aboutthrough a random process ?
• Highly unlikely – Evolutionists do not have a clue how
this can be assembled (not surprising, since we can’teven make one in our million dollar laboratories…)
• Maybe this micro-engine was designed by some
super-intelligent being ???• If this super-small engine was designed by a super-
intelligent being, maybe He has also design humans ?
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More reflection time...
• Are human designed for a specific purpose ?
• If so, who designed us ? Who is our creator ?
• Why are we abandoned like orphans ?
• Will we see him again ?
• Other questions ?
• ...
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Finding the answers...• The Bible is the most reliable book on history –
more reliable than any history book used inschools
• You can find the answers to these and otherquestions there
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The End
http://cheungpc.mathcs.emory.edu