Design StudyHigh Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC)

Collaborative ProjectFP7-INFRASTRUCTURE-2010

By Lucio Rossi – CERN1st Meeting @ CERN 20 July

L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study 2

LHC and EU Particle PhysicsLisbona 2006

The European strategy for particle physics…

Scientific activities3. The LHC will be the energy frontier machine for theforeseeable future, maintaining European leadership in thefield; the highest priority is to fully exploit the physics potentialof the LHC, resources for completion of the initial programmehave to be secured such that machine and experiments can operateoptimally at their design performance. A subsequent majorluminosity upgrade (SLHC), motivated by physics resultsand operation experience, will be enabled by focussed R&D;to this end, R&D for machine and detectors has to be vigorouslypursued now and centrally organized towards a luminosityupgrade by around 2015.

• 1 y of delay in LHC and detector commissioning• 2 y for the incident and for next splice consolidation• 2 y more of operation to reach ~500 fb-1 (Int. Lumi per year ~ 50 fb-1, not 100 !)

Statement is perfectly actual and validHowever the date must be shifted 5 years

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The baseline in 2003-2006Radiation damage limit ~700 fb-1

Paper of J. Strait et al. PAC2003

Need of change in 2013 -15. Main hardware: • HF Quadrupole magnets for 13-15 TNew program (in // to LHC construction)• US-LARP in US in 2003 (6 MCHF/y 2006-13) – based on a Nb3Sn DOE program 1998-2010• FP6-CARE : NED JRA to develop EU Nb3Sn in 2004-08 . Its positive effects NOW!• FP7 EuCard IA: WP on HFM 2009-2012

In 2007 new – anticipated – scenario :• Nb3Sn not ready before 2015-17• Decision to target a first upgrade in 2012-13Þ Phase 1 based on Nb-Ti Ø=120 mmÞFP7 SLHC-PP launched for 2008-2010 20 July 2010

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Updated LHC lumi vs. (end of) year20

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-5.0E+33

-5.1E+19

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to nominal - lumi to ultimate - lumi hf.2 - lumi to ultimate to nominalhf.2 - int

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Courtesy of M. Lamont, spring 201020 July 2010

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MTP “Observations from the DG”

• Thus, the MTP assumes the feasibility of the energy upgrade of the PS Booster and does not include the start of the LP-SPL and PS2 construction as of 2013

• In order to optimize the strategy towards the HL-LHC, with the goal of maximizing the integrated luminosity useful for physics, Management has set up a task force. A preliminary recommendation from this task force is to delay the inner triplet replacement to a single HL-LHC upgrade around 2020.

• Now at CERN a project has been set lead by Lucio Rossi (Oliver Bruning, deputy).

From S. Myers

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What needs for average lumi 5x1034 New lay-out of some part of LHC

• Improve some correctors– Commissioning @ 600-650 A the lattice sextupoles– New MQT corrector scheme using existing spare 600 A bus bars

• Re-commissioning DS quads at higher gradient• Review MSs

– Change of New Q5/Q4 (larger aperture), with new stronger corrector orbit, displacements of few magnets

– Larger aperture D2• (may be other actions, more quads in points 6 and 7)• Displacement of Power Converters & DFBs at least of Inner Triplets

but also of OTHER equipment on surface by means of SC links. • Cryo-plant for RF in point 4 : 5-7 kW @ 4.5 K

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The main ingredient of the upgradeIR Quads

• High Gradient/Large Aperture Quads, with Bpeak 13-15 T. Higher field quadrupoles translate in higher gradient/shorter length or larger aperture/same length or a mix . US-LARP engaged to produce proof by 2013. Construction is 1 year more than Nb-Ti : by 2018 is a prudent assumption. as small as 22 cm are possible with a factor 2.5 in luminosity by itself, if coupled with a mechanism to compensate the geometrical reduction. If a new way of correcting chromatic aberration could be found, as small as 10-12 cm can be eventually envisaged.

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HF Nb3Sn Quad• Nb3Sn is becoming a reality (first LQ long -3.6 m – quad 90 mm)• This year we expect a second LQ and a 1 m long - 120 mm aperture model• In 3 years: 4-6 m long magnets, 120 mm ap., G=180-200 T/m

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TQS01a TQS02a TQS03a LQS01a

4.5 K ~3 K 1.9 K

Note: LQS01 & TQS02

use same strand design

(RRP 54/61)

200 T/m

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• Crab Cavities: this is the best candidate for exploiting small (for around nominal only +15%). However it should be underlined that today Crab Cavities are not validated for LHC , not even conceptually: the issue of machine protection should be addressed with priority.

• Global Scheme. 1 cavity in IP4, Proof on LHC, good for 1 X-ing.• Semi-global; it may work!(JP Koutchouck)• Local scheme; 1 cavity per IP side. Maybe local doglegs needed.

– Early Separation Scheme could be an alternative (or a complement)

• Both scheme, Crab Cavities and ESS provide a simple mean to do levelling

The main ingredient of the upgradeRF Crab cavities

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Crab Cavities

20 July 2010

qc

Elliptical 800 MHz not far from being designed. Require 400 mm beam-beam

400 MHz small cavity under conceptual study, they can (?) fit in 194 mm beam-beam. Required for final solution

Ref. : F. Zimmermann, Ed Ciapala

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• New Cryoplants in IP1 & IP5: for power AND to make independent Arc- IR:2.8 kW @ 1.8 K scales as 5.2 kW @ 2 K (for 1 set of cold compressor)

• Special dedicated collimation system (also for background) and Machine protection

• Robotics for remote manipulation– Dismantling present Triplet– Installation HL-LHC– Maintenance– Dismounting HL-LHC ???

Making the system capable to swallow 2-4 kW per IP

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It is new entire project we need a Design Study

• The work od SLHC-PP has been essential to arrive to thsi pointz and most of it will be used

• Scope of the HL-LHC DS:• Carry out the study to produce a consistent design to reach 5 1034

with levelling, allow LHC to reach the goal of 1000 fb-1 by 2025 – Exploring in details all solutions and paths for the upgrade, both in terms

of LHC operational mode and hardware changes– Producing by end 2013 a PDR (Preliminary Design Report) enabling the

CERN Council, to make a choice about the configuration of LHC upgrade.– Producing by end of 2014/half 2015 a TDR (Technical Design Report) of

the selected path for the upgrade defining the maximum goal for the LHC luminosity

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New CERN planAlready in: new Cryo P4

CC in P4 – possibly 11 T dipole for DS in 2016

20 July 2010

HL-LHC is well anchored in the program of CERN.However the prgram may suffer from reduction of budget, shift in the LHC schedule…

But it may be required to compensate SHORTFALL in LHC…

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Resources• 10 M€ total cost over 4 years: July 2011-2015• Reimbursment by EU

– 40% may be reimbursed by EU • CERN offers by free the technical development, but will be reimbursed 100% for management.

Exception for fellow?

• We need to use EuCard (and other program)– Most of resources on personnel– Some hardware, especially for orphan items

• Generate positive attitude in other labs:– KEK has put (with no engagments 10 MCHF + 50 MCHF for HL-LHC-Magnets R&D and

construction…)– US-LARP Magnets R&D is perhaps getting reinforced …– Non EU labs can participate to governance (but no EU funds)

• The names herein are CERN coordinators: each of it will be joined by a non-CERN coordinator. Except project Coordinator, the co-ordinator ijn charge for two years, nominate by the governing board.

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WP 1 – ManagementLucio Rossi

• Main tasks– General management of the DS and link with other similar entities outside EU– General plan and coherence of the parameters– Risk Analysis and mitigation plans– Coordination with the LHC machines performance and planning– LHC INJ requirements – Coordination with Physics requirement – Link to outside partner – Synergy with HE-LHC design feature– Outreach and dissemination– Radioprotection & Legal– Enviroment impact

• Participant: CERN

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WP2 – Beam Physics and Lay-outOliver Bruning

• Topics:• Investigate the parameter space: optics (beta*, beta* aspect ratio) and “moderately” the beam

parameters (beam pattern, bunch charge, emittance, bunch length) to establish a baseline corresponding to a peak luminosity ≥ 5E34 without head-on collision tools (crab-cavities, D0 or b-b wire) .

• Specify, organise and participate to dedicated LHC machine studies to validate some specific aspects the proposed baseline (e.g. off-momentum beta-beating correction, two-stages squeeze concept of the low-beta IR’s and flat beam optics).

• Study and establish a short list of additional ingredients (head-on collision tools, more aggressive beam parameters, e.g. so-called LPA scheme) to reach the integrated luminosity goal (5E34 average lumi per coast after levelling).

• Develop and maintain consistency in the parameters and modelling for any kind of beam dynamics studies (dynamic aperture, beam-beam and dedicated studies in collaboration with the collimation and crab-cavity work-packages):

– Develop new physical model and numerical tools (e.g. beam-beam kick induced by a fully 6D coupled strong beam for simulations with crab-cavities).

– Provide a consistent infrastructure (HL-LHC sequence, optics, aperture model, model for magnet field imperfections, Mad-X reference jobs).

• Interface with WP3 to specify the main parameters and layout of the HL-LHC new magnets (IT, D1, D2, Q4) and additional hardware modifications or tests needed in the LHC Ring (magnet re-commissioning at higher than nominal currents, layout modifications in other LHC insertions as IR6 or IR4).

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WP 2 cont.

• Partners– CERN– US LARP– KEK– INFN– CEA-CNRS– UK (CKI) ?– German Universities KIT ?– ES (Valencia) ? – PSI ? EPFL ?

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WP3 -Magnet Design Ezio Todesco

• Main topics– Magnet lay-out modification (with WP2)– NbTi assesment and parameters for IR and MSs– New Magnet Corrector Design– NbSn assessment and parameters for IR and DS– Assessment of new technology for IR (HTS for magnetized TAS, etc…)– Sc links and PC relocation– Synergy with HE-LHC technolgy

• Participation– CERN– UniGe– CEA– INFN– Uni SouthHampton– US-LARP– KEK– STCF-RAL ?

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WP4: Crab Cavity Design (1/2)Ed Ciapala

• Main cavity topics:– Design optimization for novel schemes (minimum # of peripherals)– Cavity and cryomodule specifications (LHC report)– Simulations (Couplers, tuner, MP, mechanical, thermal, …)– Fabrication and measurements on copper models field profile, impedance,

errors)– Demonstration of field gradients in compact cavities (4 structures)– Q-slope, onset of field emission and quench– Performance, decide between 2K and 4K– Coupler and tuner development and testing– Study of mech. resonances, microphonics– Performance with couplers and horizontal cryostat– Performance with beam (e.g. SPS - impedance, collimation)– Interlocks and fast Feedback (other measures like Qext)– Common power and cryogenic systems across the IPs (?)– LLRF and controls20 July 2010

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WP4: Crab Cavity Design (2/2)

• Main CC with beam topics– RF behavior for cavity quench or turbulent behavior– Tracking simulations for loss maps for fast failure modes (with WP 6 “Machine

protection”)– Beam-beam simulations to investigate instabilities, noise issues and DA (with WP 2

“Beam physics”)– Impedance and growth rate estimates for specific HOMs to specify exact damping

and feedback measures– Effect of non-zero dispersion and stable working points (with WP 2 “Beam physics”)– Crab consistent optics (with WP 2 “Beam physics”)

• Potential participants:– CERN– Cockcroft Institute (U Lanc)– US-LARP– KEK– CEA

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WP5 – Collimation & Beam LossesRalph Assmann

• Topics:– Design of modified IR collimation system for the 2018-20 high luminosity

upgrade.– IR loss-maps and support for background studies.– Impact of upgrades (e.g. crab cavities, off-momentum beta beat) on the

collimation system.– Collimators, absorbers, … for the high luminosity upgrade.– Does not include the high intensity upgrade of the collimation system

presently foreseen for 2014/15.

• Participants– CERN– LARP/FNAL (N. Mokhov)– RHUL (G. Blair)– University Valencia (A. Faus-Golfe)

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WP6 – Machine ProtectionJorg Wenninger

• Content– Dump– Kicker– Failure scenario– Safety of new equipment– Interlock mangement

• Partecipants:– CERN– ?

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WP7 -Machine-Experiment InterfaceAustin Ball, Marzio Nessi

• Content– Strategy, operation mode, beam types– L* and Absorber, aligment– Backgrounds (with WP5)– Early separation scheme– Integration– Interlocks

• Partecipants– CERN – ATLAS & CMS– ?

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Milestone

• 20 July : Meeting with our EU (US-J ?) partners

• 10 August: second draft

• September : 2nd Meeting• September : visit Brux.?• 1 October: near to final draft• 15 October last meeting

with approval of docum.• 1 Nov : submission• Deadline is 15 November

• Lucio + Oliver + all

• Lucio

• Lucio & Oliver + all• Lucio & JPK +…• Lucio & Oliver + all

• Lucio & Oliver

• Lucio• All to meet it !!!

20 July 2010