design research systematic inventive thinking
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Design Research
Systematic Inventive Thinking
Larry Fenske Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
![Page 2: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Design Research
Identifying Opportunities – Informing Design
![Page 3: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Design Research
Review of research methodologies covered so far;
![Page 4: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Design Research
Review of research methodologies covered so far;
• User-Centered
![Page 5: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Design Research
Review of research methodologies covered so far;
• User-Centered
• Market-Centered
![Page 6: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Design Research
Review of research methodologies covered so far;
• User-Centered
• Market-Centered
• Technology-Centered
![Page 7: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Secondary Research• Mining the Gap• Segmentation (Demographic/Psychographic/Behavioral)Primary Research/Analysis• A (x4) Analysis• Styleboards• Ethnographic Discovery Qualitative/Quantitative
– Passive - Photo/Video Ethnography – Active – Interviewing/Surveys – Likert
questions/coding– Combined Ethnography - bag ethnography– Immersive Observation– Participatory Design
• Usability Testing (ease of use/functionality/errors, etc.)• Product Semantics/Emotional Response (reflection, etc.)• Ergonomic/Anthropometric Research
User Centered Design Research
![Page 8: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Fiskars hammer test, Larry Fenske, 2000
Human Factors Research
![Page 9: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Product/Market Opportunities• Market Matrices• Trend Analysis
–market demographics– fashion trends–cultural trends– technology trends
Market Centered Design Research
![Page 10: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Product/Market Opportunities• Market Matrices• Trend Analysis
–market demographics– fashion trends–cultural trends– technology trends – can be concerned
with new technology already in the marketplace - in the form of products (Gizmodo.com), or . . .
Market Centered Design Research
![Page 11: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Product/Market Opportunities• Market Matrices• Trend Analysis
–market demographics– fashion trends–cultural trends– technology trends – can be concerned
with new technology already in the marketplace - in the form of products (Gizmodo.com), or, new developments in science, technology and materials that can drive innovation.
Market Centered Design Research
![Page 12: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
New developments in science, technology and materials can drive innovation.Examples: • New technologies can create new product categories (cell phones, microwave ovens, etc.), or, simply drive incremental changes.
• Materials research/testing can drive product improvement (Santoprene™ soft grips, etc.), or create new product categories (Thermorest™ mattresses, etc.)
Focusing on technology, or more generally on the product can lead to innovative design approaches that might not be discovered through user or market driven research.
(Of course the resulting designs should be validated by user research to make sure they satisfy user needs)
Technology Centered Design Research
![Page 13: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Identifying Opportunities on the “Front End of Innovation”
Innovation is different from Discovery
While Discovery is uncovering information that can inform design, Innovation is creating a new approach to address a problem – which can lead to innovative design.
![Page 14: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Tools for Innovation
TRIZTRIZ was developed in the mid-20th century by Genrich Altschuller, a Russian engineer, by studying over 200,000 patents revealing patterns in the approaches that were successful in deriving inventive solutions. TRIZ is technology and Physics based, and suggests the consideration of alternative solutions such as using adhesives were fasteners had been used before, or vacuum rather than mechanical clamping, chemicaletching instead of abrasives, etc.
Systematic Inventive Thinking (SIT)Systematic Inventive Thinking is based on the premise that innovative or inventive solutions share common patterns comprised of a series of templates to be applied to an existing situation.
![Page 15: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Systematic Inventive Thinking (SIT)
Five Basic Thinking Templates:1. Subtraction2. Division3. Replacement4. Multiplication5. Feature Dependency
![Page 16: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Systematic Inventive Thinking (SIT)Basic Thinking Templates
Subtraction (or Reduction)
1.List components2.Take away an essential component from a product.3.Imagine the resulting product.4.Ask who would use or benefit from this product?
(you can think of it as the opposite of Addition –which is a common method for incremental change in the marketplace – adding features).
![Page 17: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Example of Subtraction
• Choose a product - A television• List components
1. Screen2. Speakers3. Enclosure4. Remote5. Plug
![Page 18: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Example of Subtraction
• Loose the screen =
a remote controlled radio
• Loose the plug = cordless television
• Loose the speakers, add text = television for a deaf person, or anyone who needs quiet viewing.
![Page 19: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Another Example of Subtraction
Apple iBook™ and keyboard
![Page 20: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Another Example of Subtraction
Apple iPad™
![Page 21: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
More Examples of Subtraction
Dyson vacuum cleaner – no bags
![Page 22: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
More Examples of Subtraction
Soup mix – sold with no water
![Page 23: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
More Examples of Subtraction
baby seat – no legs
![Page 24: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
More Example of Subtraction
Kathryn Gregory – Age 10, Inventor of “Wristies™”
![Page 25: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Example of Subtraction
Subtraction (or Reduction)
1.Take away an essential component from a product.2.Imagine the resulting product.3.Ask who would use or benefit from this product?
(you can think of it as the opposite of Addition – which is a common method for incremental change in the marketplace – adding features).
![Page 26: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Systematic Inventive Thinking (SIT)Basic Thinking Templates
Division
1. List the components of the product or service2. Divide out the components either physically,
functionally, or by preserving the characteristics of the whole.
3. Imagine the resulting product.4. Ask who would use or benefit from this
product?
![Page 27: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Systematic Inventive Thinking (SIT)Basic Thinking Templates
Replacement
1. Find a product and list all of it’s component parts. Multiply or create a copy of one of the parts
2. Change the multiplied component in some way.
3. Imagine the resulting product.4. Ask who would use or benefit from this
product?
![Page 28: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Examples - Replacement Template
1. Stapler > “Tape-ler2. Ice Skate > Rollerblade3. Pop-top can > Twist-top can4. Phone Cradle > Belt holster
![Page 29: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Systematic Inventive Thinking (SIT)Basic Thinking Templates
Multiplication
1. Find a product and list all of it’s component parts.
2. Multiply or create a copy of one of the parts3. Change the multiplied component in some
way.4. Imagine the resulting product.5. Ask who would use or benefit from this
product?
![Page 30: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Systematic Inventive Thinking (SIT)Basic Thinking Templates
Feature Dependency
1. Find a product scenario and list all of it’s the major components of the system (product, user, immediate environment).
2. List all of the features (not parts) of each major component.
3. Take one feature from one list and pair it with each feature from another list.
4. Imagine that one feature changes when something about another feature changes.
5. Imagine potential for the resulting product – ask who would use or benefit from this product?
![Page 31: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Adapted from: http://www.innovationpractice.com/innovation_in_practice/2010/11/the-lab-innovation, November 17, 2011
![Page 32: Design Research Systematic Inventive Thinking](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020703/61fb45172e268c58cd5c2d75/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Demonstration: Try applying at least two templates.