DESIGN PROCESS

Architectural Design 6FA 400-1-8

Faculty of Fine ArtsDepartment of Architecture

A l e x a n d r i a U n i v e r s i t y

L e c t u r e 3 . M o n d a y 2 8 M a r c h 2 0 1 1

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

I am a designer.

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Plan for the construction of an object or a system

Design is the optimum solution to the sum of the true needs of a particular set of circumstances.

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

I am a designer.

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Is it meaningful to talk of ‘optimum solutions’ or ‘true needs’ in connection with architectural design?

‘optimum’ indicates that the results of design as he knows it can be measured against established criteria of success. This may well be the case for the design of a machine where output can be quantified on one or more scales of measurement, but it hardly applies to the design of a stage set or a building interior.

This definition also assumes that all the ‘true needs’ of a circumstance can be listed. However, designers are by no means sure of all the needs of a situation. Not all design problems relate to equally purposeful activities. For example, it is much easier to define the needs to be satisfied in a lecture theatre than in a domestic living-room.

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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To regard thinking as a skill rather than a gift is the first step towards doing something to improve that skill.

Edward de Bono, Practical Thinking

Design is a highly complex and sophisticated skill. It is not a mysticalability given only to those with recondite powers but a skillwhich, for many, must be learnt and practiced rather like the playingof a sport or a musical instrument.

skills must be acquired initially by attention to detail. It is in the very nature of highly developed skills that we can perform them unconsciously. The expert golfer is not thinking about the golf swing but about the golf course, the weather and the opponents. The flautist. So it is with design. We probably work best when we think least about our technique. Beginnershowever must first analyze and practice all the elements of their skill and we should remember that even the most talented of professional golfers or musicians still benefit from lessons all the way through their careers.

While we are used to the idea that physical skills like riding a bicycle, swimming and playing a musical instrument must belearned and practiced, we are less ready to recognize that thinking might need similar attention as was suggested by the famous British philosopher Ryle (1949):Thought is very much a matter of drills and skills.

Later the psychologist Bartlett (1958) echoed this sentiment:Thinking should be treated as a complex and high level kind of skill.

More recently there have been many writers who have exhorted their readers to practice this skill of thinking. One of the most notable, Edward de Bono (1968) summarizes the message of such writers:On the whole, it must be more important to be skilful in thinking than to be stuffed with facts.

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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B A S I C

Needs

Context

Program

Site

BRIEFING

Problem

Definitions

Performance

Concepts

Alternatives

ANALYSIS

Problem

Goals

Form/space

Concept

Schematic Design

Study Models

SYNTHESIS

Solutions

Creativity

Communication

Feedback

Selection

Implementation

Priorities

Grading Reports

Animation

Communication

Drawings

Final Models

BASIC An Architectural design method

The method is primarily a mean of resolving a conflict that exists between logical analysis & creative thought

Evaluation

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1

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

2

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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In summary for design to take place a number of things must happen:

• There must be a brief assembled,

• The designer must study and understand the requirements,

• Produce one or more solutions,

• test them against some explicit or implicit criteria,

• and communicate the design to clients and constructors.

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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However, the idea that these activities occur in that order, or even that they are identifiable separate events seems very

questionable.

It seems more likely that design is a process in which problem and solution emerge together. Often the problem may not even be fully understood without some acceptable solution to illustrate it.

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

The design process seen as a negotiation between problem and solution through the three activities of analysis, synthesis and evaluation

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

DES IGN PROCESS

Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

The design process as a sequence of activities and found the idea rather unconvincing.

However, this map should not be read too literally since any visually understandable diagram is probably far too much of a

simplification of what is clearly a highly complex mental process

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Design project information organized by major design Variables

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

DES IGN PROCESS

Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

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Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

DES IGN PROCESS

Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

DES IGN PROCESS

Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

DES IGN PROCESS

Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

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Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

DES IGN PROCESS

Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

Matrix Diagram of functional relationships

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

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Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

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Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

DES IGN PROCESS

Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

Too Complex Major space relationships [Balanced ]

Too Abstract

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

DES IGN PROCESS

Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

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Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

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Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

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Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

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Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

Weak design vocabulary = Weak Design Ideas

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

DES IGN PROCESS

Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

DES IGN PROCESS

Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

Studying the matrix, bubble and zoning diagrams for design implications is a key activity to bridging between

Problem analysis & Design solution

Design Ideas flow from the depth of your individual design vocabulary.

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

Design project information organized by major design Variables

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

DES IGN PROCESS

Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

DES IGN PROCESS

Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

THINKING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

DES IGN PROCESS

Introduction Types of AD process Space Adjacency Analysis

T h i r d Y e a r . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n 6 . F a c u l t y o f F i n e A r t s . D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e

THE DESIGN PROCESS Thank you for your Attention