Design of Process Equipment-Distillation Column, CSTR and Adsorber

Department of Chemical Engineering

SRM University

Introduc)on–Equipments’

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Distillation

Dis)lla)onisthesepara)onofliquidmixturesintotheirvariouscomponentsisoneofthemajoropera)onsinprocessindustriesanddis)lla)onisthemostcommonlyusedmethodofachievingthisendanditisthekeyopera)oninanyoilcompany

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Distillation – Methods

Therearethreeprincipalmethodsusedinprac)ceandallrelyonthefollowing:i.  Differen)alorBatchdis)lla)onii.  Flashdis)lla)oniii.  Con)nuousorRec)fica)on

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Distillation – Differential (or) Batch Distillation

hLps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dis)lla)on

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Distillation – Flash Distillation

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Distillation – Continuous or Rectification

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Distillation – Flash distillation

Note:Ofthethreeprincipaltypes,rec)fica)onisthemost

importantanditdiffersfromtheothertwomethodsin

thatpartofvaporiscondensedandreturnedastheliquid

tothes)ll,whereas,intheothermethods,allthevapor

eitherremovedassuchorcondensedasproduct.

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Distillation – Other Methods

Basedonmodesofopera0on–BatchandCon)nuous

Basedonpressureemployed–atmosphericandvacuum

Basedoncomponents–BinaryandMul)componentdis)lla)on

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Reactors – types

Thereactorsaretheheartofthechemicalproduc)onprocess

Itistheoneofthemainplacewheretherawmaterialsare

convertedintoproductsandreactordesignisavitalstepinthe

overalldesignofprocess.

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Reactors – types Modeofopera)on :BatchandCon)nuous

Phasespresent :homogeneousorheterogeneous

Basedideality :idealandnon-ideal

BasedoncatalystuseandcontactpaLern:

i.Con)nuouss)rredtankreactor

ii.Tubularorplugflowreactor

iii.Packedbedreactor

iv.Fixedandmovingbedreactor

v.Fluidizedbedreactor

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Reactors – types

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ConstantS)rredTankReactor PlugfloworTubularreactors

Reactors – types

12Packedbedreactor Fixedandmovingbedreactor

Adsorption

ItisaprocessinwhichmoleculesofadsorbateaLachedtothesurfaceofasolidadsorbant.Inotherwords,theabilityofcertainsolidspreferen)allytoconcentratespecificsubstancesfromsolu)onontotheirsolidsurfacesInthismanner,thecomponentsofeitherliquidorgaseoussolu)onscanbeseparatedfromeachother.

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Adsorption-Classification

Modesofopera)on–BatchandCon)nuous

Basedonphenomena–PhysicalorChemicaladsorp)on

BasedoncontactpaLern–SingleandMul)stagecontactors

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Adsorption-Applications

LiquidSepara0ons

-  Decoloniza)onofpetroleumproductsandaqeoussugar

solu)ons

-  Removalofobjec)onablecolorandodorfromwater

-  Frac)ona)onofmixturesofaroma)candparafinic

hydrocarbons

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Adsorption-Applications

GaseousSepara0ons

-  Usedtodehumidifyairandothergases

-  Removalofobjec)onablecolorandimpuri)esfromindustrialgases

suchasCO2

-  Torecovervaluablesolventvaporsfromdilutemixtureswithairand

othergases.

-  Tofrac)onatethemixturesofhydrocarbongasescontaining

substancesasmethane,ethylene,ethane,propyleneandpropane

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Adsorption-Applications

GaseousSepara0ons

-  Usedtodehumidifyairandothergases

-  Removalofobjec)onablecolorandimpuri)esfromindustrialgases

suchasCO2

-  Torecovervaluablesolventvaporsfromdilutemixtureswithairand

othergases.

-  Tofrac)onatethemixturesofhydrocarbongasescontaining

substancesasmethane,ethylene,ethane,propyleneandpropane

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References

hLps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dis)lla)on

hLp://jpkc.zzu.edu.cn/ehgrlx/109-thermodynamics/blackboard/lesson18/dis)lla)on.html

CoulsonandRichardson,(2002)Par)cleTechnologyandSepara)onScience,Vol.–2,5thedi)on,BuLerworth-Heinemann

hLp://www.psenterprise.com/processbuilder/libraries/aml_dcr.html

hLp://www.netl.doe.gov/research/coal/energy-systems/gasifica)on/gasifipedia/fmb

hLp://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/Separa)onsChemical/Adsorbers/Adsorbers.html

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