design engineering-2b report, automobile engineering@kjit,savli

7/25/2019 Design Engineering-2B Report, Automobile Engineering@KJIT,Savli.

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GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITYChandkheda, Ahmedabad

Affiliated

K.J.I.T, Savali

A Project Report On

FOUR STROKE BIODIESEL ENGINE

nder !"bject of #$SI%&

$&%I&$$RI&% ' II( (. $.Seme!ter ' )I

ATO*O(I+$ $&%I&$$RI&%

S"bmitted b-

Sr. &ame of !t"dent $nrollment &o.

/a!h Praka!hbhai Ambekar 0123114113

4 Jak"mar +alit #e!ai 012311415

0 /a!h Arvindbhai Prajapati 0123114136

3 Rock Ja7di!hbhai /adav 0123114154

*r. Ronak S"thar

89ac"lt %"ide:

*r. Ka"!t"bh &atekar

8;O#:

Academic ear

8412


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Contents1. IntroductionName of the team

About team members About guide and mentor What is Design Thinking?

2. Empath !apping"sers

#takeho$ders Acti%ities

#tor

&. Ideation Can%as 'eop$e Acti%ities

Sit"ation>conte?tProp!>Po!!ible Sol"tion

(. 'roduct De%e$opment Can%as

'roduct E)perience 'roduct *unction Components 'eop$e Customer +e%a$idation

,. AEI-" #heetsActi%itiesEn%ironmentInteractions

-bects"sers

/. 0earning Need !atri) 0N! Theor'urpose3'roect ConceptApp$icab$e #tandards and Design #peci4cationsComponent !ateria$s5 strength Criteria#oft6are3#imu$ation3#ki$$3!athematica$ +e7uirementToo$s3!ethods3Theories3app$ication 'rocess In%o$%ed

0iterature +e%ie63#econdar +esearch


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8. Design Considerations for detai$ design part9

8.1 Design for 'erformance: #afet and +e$iabi$it

8.2 Design for Ergonomics and Aesthetics

8.& Design for !anufacturabi$it ; Assemb$ D*!A

8.( Design for Cost: En%ironment

kno6$edge and use

1. Comparison of e)isting materia$s: methods: too$s and e7uipment forour proect and ustif ourse$ection of materia$s: methods: too$s and e7uipment etc.

11. #imu$ation and Ana$sis #oft6are mode$$ing: !athematica$ mode$

12. Conc$usion3*uture scope

1&. 'rototpe


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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

To innumerab$e 6ebsites in the internet: and to a$$ those

6ho ha%e up$oaded their kno6$edge: imaginations: ideas:

graphic ski$$s etc.: on these 6ebsites. A$so: to a$$ those from pre>historic das to toda: 6ho ha%e

registered their kno6$edge: imaginations: thoughts etc.:

through di@erent means and mediums. A$so Dr. !. . Baianapurkar !. E. : 'h. D IIT harakpur and

!r. +onak #uthar for sho6ing the correct path and guiding

us.

Not forgetting other facu$t of the co$$ege 6ho ga%e theircontribution ti$$ their e)tent.


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DECLARATION

@e hereb declare that the #$


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CERTIFICATE

Thi! I! To Certif That #$


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Ya'( A&)e*ar

/a!h P. Ambekar i! a !t"dent of A"tomobile $n77. #epartment of K.J.I.T

Savali. ;e ha! helped in 7atherin7 the information re7ardin7 the topic. ;e ha! 7ood knoBled7e

abo"t mana7in7 the finance. ;e ha! al!o helped in completin7 the Canva! Sheet! neatl. ;i!

!incerit re7ardin7 the project i! appreciable. ;i! contrib"tion re7ardin7 the #$


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Ya'( -ra.a%at!

/a!h A. Prajapati i! a !t"dent of A"tomobile $n77. #epartment of K.J.I.T

Savali. ;e ha! helped in collectin7 the ba!ic information abo"t the project. ;e ha! helped in

preparin7 the final Report for the !ame. ;e ha! 7ood "alit of creatin7 the friendl environment

amon7 the 7ro"p mate!. ;e Bork! Bith the team mate! Bitho"t an e?pectation!. ;i! !inceritre7ardin7 the project i! appreciable. ;i! contrib"tion re7ardin7 the #$


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Mr1 R#na* St(ar

*r. Ronak S"thar 8*.$.: i! the A!!t. Profe!!or in *echanical #epartment

at K.J.I.T.,Savali.;e i! one of the devoted fac"lt of the department. ;e i! ver polite and ha!

7ood knoBled7e abo"t hi! field. ;i! happ to help nat"re i! reall appreciable. @itho"t hi!7"idance thi! project Ba! not po!!ible. ;i! Contrib"tion at each level of thi! project i! BorthBhile.

#r. *./. )aijanap"rkar 8*.$. Ph.#, IIT, Khara7p"r : Ba! the Principal ofK.J.I.T., Savali . ;e i! one of the (e!t e?perienced fac"lt of the colle7e. ;e i! alBa! happ to

help and 7"ide the !t"dent! re7ardin7 e?am!, project! ,etc. ;i! 7"idance i! ver helpf"l and Borth.

;i! polite and po!itive attit"de toBard! !t"dent! i! reall appreciable. ;i! Contrib"tion at each

level of thi! project i! BorthBhile.


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Design Thinking is human-centered

Design thinking has come to be defined as combining empathyfor the context of a problem,creativityin the generation of insights and solutions, and rationalityin analyzing and fitting varioussolutions to the problem context. According to our team the goal of Design Thinking is "matchingpeoples needs ith hat is technologically feasible and viable as a business strategy". The premise ofteaching Design Thinking is that by knoing about ho to successfully approach and solve difficult,

multi!dimensional problems ! more specifically, effective methods to ideate, select and executesolutions ! individuals and businesses ill be able to improve their on problem solving processes andskills. There is also significant academic interest in understanding ho designers think and designcognition.

Design thinking is a formal method for practical, creativeresolution of problems and creation ofsolutions, ith the intent of an improved future result. n this regard it is a form of solution!based , orsolution!focused thinking# starting ith a goal $a better future situation% instead of solving a specificproblem. &y considering both present and future conditions and parameters of the problem, alternativesolutions may be explored simultaneously. 'ross asserted that this type of thinking most often happensin the built, or artificial, environment $as in artifacts%.

(ocus on people ) customers and their needs and not on a specific technology or other

conditions.

*ethods therefore used are observations, intervies, brainstorming, prototyping+

nnovating at the intersection of business, technology and people leads to radical, ne

experience innovation.

The user is the one to decide if a product or a service should exist or be established
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy


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In !hort #e!i7n Thinkin7 i! a proce!! thro"7h Bhich Be can make or modif neB technolo7 for

betterment of common people.

EM-ATHY MA--ING CANVAS

USERS2

P(+IC

9AR*$RS

#$SI%&$RS

$&%I&$$RS

#$)$+OP$RS


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*A&9ACTR$RS

STAKEHOLDERS2

TRA&SPORT$RS

$DPORT$RS ATO*OTI)$ ISTRI$S

+OCO*OTI)$ ISTRI$S

ACTIVITIES2

PRO#CTIO& O9 (IO


13/70HA--Y


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(iodie!el f"el i! a reneBable ener7 !o"rce "nlike petrole"m


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CONCLUSION2

1) U!"#! $#" %&"$#&' "*+,"- $- !*$."/,&-"#! $#" -""-2) A%*++*+"! #"$#-+ */" #,"%* *, " %,-7%*"- !*" '

!*"3) I !*,#' ,$#-+ +* +! %&"$#&' 7-"#!*,,- /+%/ $#* $' "

-+9%7&* $- /+%/ +&& " *$%*:7&&' %,;7"#"-

IDEATION CANVAS2

-EO-LE2


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P(+IC

9AR*$RS

#$SI%&$RS $&%I&$$RS

#$)$+OP$RS

*A&9ACTR$RS

ACTIVITIES2

PRO#CTIO& O9 (IO


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FENE+AT-+#

-RO-S3-OSSIBLE SOLUTIONS2

I->DIE#E0 '+-D"CTI-N9

#EED C+"#E+# '"!'# 0ENDE+#

*I0TE+# +E*INE+#

ENFINE DE#IFNINF9

T--0 -G 'I'E C"TTE+# !-"0D# D+I00 !ACINE -+INF !ACINE


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Sho"ld be con!idered for "!e a! an alternative and not a primar f"el. Short and lon7 term

environmental benefit! Bill be Borth Bhile. Stora7e I!!"e! Bith Stabilit and

Tran!portation i!!"e! Bith hi7h co!t of delivered f"el compared to fo!!il f"el!. 9"el


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-RODUCT DEVELO-MENT CANVAS -UR-OSE2

A%RIC+TR$ TRA&SPORTATIO&

PO@$R %$&$RATIO&


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-RODUCT E4-ERIENCE2

#"#ID ABAI0A0EIF INITIA0 C-#TN-T WIDE0 "#ED


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-RODUCT FUNCTION2

+ENEWA0E#"#TAINA0E0-WE+ E!I##I-N#

COM-ONENTS2

TITANI"! BA0BE#EAT EGCANFE+'-0!E+ 'I'E*I0TE+#*"E0 INHECT-+#EGA"#T ##TE!


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-EO-LE2

P(+IC 9AR*$RS

#$SI%&$RS

$&%I&$$RS #$)$+OP$RS

*A&9ACTR$RS

$&)IRO&*$&TA+ISTS


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CUSTOMER REVALIDATION0E## ABAI0A0EENBI+-N!ENT *+IEND0IF INITIA0 C-#TE"A00 '-WE+*"0 ENFINE A# C-!'A+ED T- '+E#ENT -NE#.


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=5 ear! of die!el vehicle!.(5 and (41 en7ine approval!. *o!t biodie!el application! G

heav< and medi"m


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AEIOU SHEETS

AEIOU Fra&e5#r*

A$IO i! a he"ri!tic to help interpret ob!ervation! 7athered b ethno7raphic practice

in ind"!tr. It! tBo primar f"nction! are to code data, and to develop b"ildin7

block! of model! that Bill "ltimatel addre!! the objective! and i!!"e! of a client.

Ta6#n#&!e'

A$IO !tand! for 5 element! to be coded- Activit, $nvironment, Interaction,

Object, and !er.

A%*++*+"!are goa$>directed sets of actionsJpaths to6ards

things peop$e 6ant to accomp$ish. What are the modes peop$e6ork in: and the speci4c acti%ities and processes the go

through? E+#,"*!inc$ude the entire arena 6here acti%ities take

p$ace. What is the character and function of the space o%era$$:of each indi%idua$Ks spaces: and of shared spaces?


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I*"#$%*+,!are bet6een a person and someone or

something e$seL the are the bui$ding b$ocks of acti%ities. Whatis the nature of routine and specia$ interactions bet6een

peop$e: bet6een peop$e and obects in their en%ironment: andacross distances?

O).e/t'are b"ildin7 block! of the environment, ke element! !ometime! p"t

to comple? or "nintended "!e! 8th"! chan7in7 their f"nction, meanin7 and

conte?t:. @hat are the object! and device! people have in their environment!

and hoB do the relate to their activitie!. U'er'are the people Bho!e behavior!, preference!, and need! are bein7

ob!erved. @ho i! thereH @hat are their role! and relation!hip!H @hat are their

val"e! and prej"dice!H

A/t!0!t!e'

En0!r#n&ent


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Intera/t!#n'

O).e/t'


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U'er'


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+earnin7 &eed!*atri? 8+&*: Theor

D"!%#+*+,A trainin7>competenc matri? i! a tool "!ed to doc"ment and compare the re"ired

competencie! for a po!ition Bith the c"rrent !kill level of the emploee! performin7the role!.

It i! "!ed in a 7ap anal!i! for determinin7 Bhere o" have critical trainin7 need! and

a! a tool for mana7in7 people development.

It can al!o be "!ed in !"cce!!ion plannin7 a! a mean! of identifin7 emploee! Bho

have critical !kill! needed for promotion.

B""*!

Provide! a comprehen!ive vieB of all the !kill! and behavior! needed.

Aid! in mana7in7 o"r trainin7 b"d7et beca"!e it identifie! !kill 7ap! acro!!o"r or7aniEation rather than j"!t one per!on at a time.

A!!i!t! Bith plannin7 b helpin7 o" identif and tar7et neB !kill area! that

o" mi7ht need for the lon7 term.

;elp! mana7er! Bith development plannin7 b providin7 a frameBork of

common !kill! re"ired.


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LNM S(eet

In this sheet 6e studied %arious topics such as 'erformance

parameters: asic construction -f diese$ engine and it5s

assemb$: 'arts and materia$ speci4cations: 'roperties -f oi$

#oabean oi$: karana: !ahua :etc. A$so 6e are ab$e to ustif and decide 6hat !ateria$s: 'arts:

soft6are etc. 6i$$ be needed further. 0N! #heet he$ped us to decide %arious needs that 6i$$ be

he$pfu$ and hand in further stud.

Ra%e'ee" an" Can#la


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Rape!eed adapt! Bell to loB fertilit !oil!, b"t Bith hi7h !"lf"r content. @ith a hi7h oil ield 831'51F:, it ma be 7roBn a! a Binterhectare. Since the !eed! are verrich in protein, oil content i! aro"nd 6F.

O!l -al&

Oil palm i! a tropical plant that reache! a hei7ht of 41'45 m Bith a life ccle of abo"t 45 ear!.

9"ll prod"ction i! reached 6 ear! after plantin7.

TBo kind! of oil are obtained from the fr"it- palm oil proper, from the p"lp, and palm kernel oil,from the n"t of the fr"it 8after oil e?traction, palm kernel cake i! "!ed a! live!tock food:. Several

hi7h oil


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S"noBer LL!eed!MM are reall a fr"it, the inedible Ball 8h"!k: !"rro"ndin7 the !eed that i! in thekernel.

The 7reat importance of !"noBer lie! in the e?cellent "alit of the edible oil e?tracted from it!

!eed!. It i! hi7hl re7arded from the point of vieB of n"tritional "alit, ta!te and avor. *oreover,

after oil e?traction, the remainin7 cake i! "!ed a! a live!tock feed. It m"!t be noted that !"noBeroil ha! a ver loB content of linoleic acid, and therefore it ma be !tored for lon7 period!.

S"noBer adapt! Bell to adver!e environmental condition! and doe! not re"ire !pecialiEed

a7ric"lt"ral e"ipment and can be "!ed for crop rotation Bith !obean and corn. Oil ield of

c"rrent hbrid! i! in the ran7e 36'54F.

-eantThe "alit of pean"t i! !tron7l affected b Beather condition! d"rin7 the harve!t. Pean"t! are

mainl "!ed for h"man con!"mption, in the man"fact"re of pean"t

Fla6

9la? i! a plant of temperate climate!, Bith bl"e oBer!. +inen i! made Bith the thread! from the!tem of the plant and the oil from the !eed! i! called lin!eed oil, "!ed in paint man"fact"re. 9la?

!eed! have n"tritional val"e for h"man con< !"mption !ince the are a !o"rce of pol"n!at"ratedfatt acid! nece!!ar for h"man health. *oreover, the cake left over, folloBin7 oil e?traction, i!

"!ed a! a live!tock feed.

The plant adapt! Bell to a Bide ran7e of temperat"re and h"midit hoBever, hi7h temperat"re!and plentif"l rain do not favor hi7h ield! of !eed and ber.

9la? !eed! contain betBeen 01 and 36F of oil, and protein content i! betBeen 41 and 01F. It i!

important to remark that lin!eed oil i! rich in pol"n!at"rated fatt acid!, linolenic acid bein7 from31 to 26F of the total.

Sa$7#5er

SafoBer adapt! Bell to dr environment!. Altho"7h the 7rain ield per hectare i! loB, the oil

content of the !eed i! hi7h, from 01 to 31F. Therefore, it ha! economic potential for arid re7ion!.C"rrentl, !afoBer i! "!ed in oil and o"r prod"ction and a! bird feed.

There are tBo varietie!, one rich in mono


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fall beloB 4+C. The plant need! a Barm and h"mid period in it! ve7etative pha!e and a dr !ea!onfor ripenin7 and har< ve!tin7. It re"ire! plent of !"nli7ht and adapt! Bell to !everal varietie! of

!oil!. The total rainfall d"rin7 the 7roBth ccle m"!t be in the ran7e =11',311 mm altho"7h it i!

re!i!tant to dro"7ht, the ca!tor oil plant need! at lea!t 5 month! of rain d"rin7 the ear.Ca!tor oil i! a tri7lceride, ricinolenic acid bein7 the main con!tit"ent 8abo"t N1F:. The oil

i! non


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Jatr#%(a

Jatropha i! a !hr"b that adapt! Bell to arid environment!. Jatropha c"rca! i! the mo!t knoBn

variet it re"ire! little Bater or additional care therefore, it i! ade"ate for Barm re7ion! Bithlittle fertilit. Prod"ctivit ma be red"ced b irre7"lar rainfall or !tron7 Bind! d"rin7 the

oBerin7 !ea!on. /ield depend! on climate, !oil, rainfall and treatment d"rin7 !oBin7 and

harve!tin7. Jatropha plant! become prod"ctive after 0 or 3 ear!, and their life!pan i! abo"t 51

ear!.Oil ield depend! on the method of e?traction it i! 46'04F "!in7 pre!!e! and "p to 54F b

!olvent e?traction. Since the !eed! are to?ic, jatropha oil i! non< edible. The to?icit i! d"e to the

pre!ence of c"rca!in 8a 7lob"lin: and jatrophic acid 8a! to?ic a! ricin:.

A0#/a"#

Avocado i! a tree betBeen 5 and 5 m in hei7ht. The Bei7ht of the fr"it i! betBeen 41 and 4.5 k7

and the harve!tin7 period varie! from 5 to 5 month!. The avocado fr"it mat"re! after pickin7 and

not on the tree.

Oil ma be obtained from the fr"it p"lp and pit. It ha! a hi7h n"tritional val"e, !ince it contain!

e!!ential fatt acid!, mineral!, protein and vitamin! A, (2, C, #, and $. The content of !at"ratedfatt acid! in the p"lp of the fr"it and in the oil i! loB on the contrar, it i! ver hi7h in mono

design engineering-2b report, automobile engineering@kjit,savli

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