Design & Construction

of Secured Landfill

for Municipal & Industrial

Solid Waste 1

Types of Solid Waste

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

Industrial Hazardous Waste

Bio Medical Waste(from Hospital)

E- Waste (Electronic Waste)

2

Consists of :

Household waste (From Kitchen &

household Rubbish)

Construction and demolition

debris

Commercial waste (from shops-

offices)

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

3

Consists of waste from:

Petrochemical industries

Metallurgical industries

Pharmaceutical industries

Fertilizer industries

Other hazardous process

industries

Industrial Hazardous Waste

4

Waste Type Laws in India Action by Enforcement

Authority

Municipal Solid

Waste

Municipal Waste

Management &

Handling Rules -2000

City Municipality State Pollution

Control Board

Industrial Waste

Hazardous Waste

Management &

Handling Rules- 1989

Industry State Pollution

Control Board

E-Waste E-waste Rules-2011 All Electronic

users &

manufacturers

State Pollution

Control Board

Bio Medical

Waste

Bio-Medical Waste

Rules -1998

Hospitals State Pollution

Control Board

Applicable laws for Waste Disposal

5

To ensure that:

• Waste is disposed in scientific manner

• So that waste disposal does not damage

air, water, soil, human health due its

chemical, acidic, radioactive

characteristics.

Scope of Waste Laws & Rules

6

Disposal Methods of Waste

Landfill

Incineration

Recycle

7

Disposal of Waste to Landfill

Landfills are ultimate means of disposal of waste

These inert waste like construction debris etc have

large volume approximately 60 to 70 % of MSW

Large area is required for secured landfill.

The cost of landfill construction is Rs 500 to Rs 1500

per ton of waste.

8

Time of Decomposition of waste

Type of Waste Time to Decompose

Organic wastes : vegetable & fruit peels,

leftover food stuff etc.

2 - 7 days

Paper 10-30 days

Cotton Cloth 2 - 5 months

Carpets 1 year

Tin, Aluminum cans etc. 100-500 years

Plastic Bags, one million years

Glass Bottles Undetermined

9

Microorganism decomposes waste mass into leachate and methane gas

First stage: aerobic organism converts waste into simple organic compounds, CO2 & H2O.

Second Stage: anerobic organism converts organic compounds into H2,NH3,H2O, CO2 & organic acids.

Third Stage: methane forming organism converts organic acid into CH4.

Process of decomposition of Waste

10

Leachate (Toxic Liquid) is generated due to decomposition of waste in the landfill.

Leachate contains acid, heavy metals, other toxic elements.

Leachate contaminates ground water resources.

Leachate is collected in wells inside landfill & pumped out for treatment.

Leachate in landfill

11

Methane gas is generated in waste mass

Gas is collected in pipe & taken out from landfill

Gas is sent to power plant (high calorific value)

Gas travels underground in cracks of rocks if not pumped out.

Gas accumulated in nearby area (foundation of buildings and causes explosion.

Landfill Gas (Methane)

12

Design & Construction of Landfill

(1) Characterization of waste

(2) Design of Impervious Liner

(3) Reclamation of Leachate

(4) Construction of landfill

(5) Operation of landfill

(6) Environmental Monitoring

13

GUIDELINES FOR LANDFILL DESIGN

(1) Central Pollution Control Board-India -1998

Guidelines for setting up of operative facility :

Hazardous Waste Management

(http://cpcb.nic.in/upload/NewItems/NewItem_133_M

SW-REPORT.pdf)

(2) USA Environment Protection Agency

The Guide for Industrial Waste Management

(https://www.epa.ie/pubs/advice/waste/waste/EPA_l

andfill_site_design_guide.pdf)

14

Major elements of Landfill

The secured land fill consists

• HDPE liner,

• leachate collection well & pipe network,

• earth moving machineries,

• site office,

• workshop

• Green belt etc.

15

16

Landfill site layout

Typical Section of landfill (US EPA)

Waste material

2.1 mm thick GeoTextile Sheet

100 mm Sand Layer

300 mm Gravel Layer

Perforated pipe

265 mm Clay Layer

1.5 mm HDPE Sheet

235 mm Clay

2.1 mm Geo Textile Sheet

100 mm Sand Layer

300 mm Gravel Layer

600 mm Clay Layer

Natural Ground 17

Typical Landfill section

18

Laying of Geo-Textile

19

Stitching of Geo-Textile

20

Laying of sand layer over gravels bed

21

Laying of gravels at the bottom

22

Laying of bottom clay liner

23

HDPE sheets bundles

24

Laying of HDPE sheets

25

Joint testing of HDPE Sheets

26

Marking of detected leakages

27

Laying of clay layer over HDPE sheets

28

Anchoring of Geotextile of Leak Detection system

29

Infiltration Well

30

Inner RCC wall

Outer RCC wall

Gravels

Construction of Infiltration well

31

Inner RCC wall

Outer RCC wall

Leachate Removal Pipe

32

Joints of Leachate pipes

33

Lateral Leachate pipes

34

Laying of top Geo-Textile at the top

35

Thank you 36