September 23, 2011

PRESS RELEASE

DepEd upgrades science teaching with new equipment

The Department of Education has released some P330 million in producing science equipment

which was delivered to 435 public secondary high schools nationwide to improve the students’

learning and appreciation of science concepts and its applications.

Following this, DepEd through its National Science Teaching and Instrumentation Center

(NSTIC) will hold a national consultative conference on the use of science equipment in Cebu

City to prepare teachers on the proper handling and maintenance of these equipment.

Education Secretary Armin A. Luistro said the NSTIC together with Regional Science

Supervisors and BSE representatives will review and finalize the experiment and repair and

maintenance manuals which will be used for the subsequent regional training workshops which

is set to start in October to cover the country’s 17 regions. NSTIC and the NSTIC- trained

regional trainors will train one science teacher per science subject area (Integrated Science,

Biology, Chemistry, Physics) in each recipient school.

―The training is very important for the science teachers to master the use and application of the

new science equipment as well as the maintenance procedures to ensure long-term use of these

equipment,‖ Luistro added.

A stronger science and technology curriculum in basic education is in the ten-point education

agenda of President Aquino aimed at producing graduates who are geared towards a science and

technology-driven economy.

Related to this, DepEd has added 100 new special science elementary schools this year, bringing

to 200 the total number of elementary schools offering a specialized curriculum focused on the

sciences.

―The marching order is for us to continue to find ways to develop a new generation of science

and technology-savvy graduates who will bring us to new levels of economic progress,‖

explained Luistro.

The list of equipment, instruments and science learning tools include:

For Integrated Science : Aneroid Barometer, Assorted Glassware, Triple Beam Balance,

Terrestrial Globe, Seismograph Model, Anemometer with Wind Vane, Magnetic Compass,

Connecting Wires, Magnets, Alcohol Burner, Ring and Ball Apparatus, Various Conductor and

non-conductor materials, Sun-Earth-Moon Model, Constellarium, Hydrometer, Rock Samples,

Astronomical Telescope and Alcohol Thermometer, Maps, Map of World Climates, Map of

Philippine Climates, Map of Philippine Volcanoes, Map of Starts, Posters, Layers of the Earth,

The Richter Magnitude Scale and various consumables.

For Biology: Compound Microscope, Dissecting Set, Human Torso Model, Human Skeleton

Model, Animal Mitosis Model, Assorted Glassware, Alcohol Thermometer, Triple Beam

Balance, Cork Borers, Glass Slides, Assorted Chemicals and Consumables, Alcohol Burner and

Safety Glasses and Home Gloves, Charts, Plant Cell, Animal Cell, Development of an Embryo,

Mendel’s Law, Gene Map of Human Chromosomes, Food Pyramid, and Flower and Seed

Structure.

For Chemistry : Alcohol Thermometer, Assorted Glassware, Electrolysis Apparatus, Cork

Borers, Reagent Bottles, Triple Beam Balance, Alcohol Burner, Calorimeter, Burette, Pipette,

Bunsen Burner, LGP Tank with gas, Osmosis Apparatus, Conductivity Apparatus, Condenser,

pH Meter, Safety Glasses and Hand Gloves, Assorted Chemicals and Consumables, Charts and

Cabinets for Corrosive Materials, Periodic Table of Elements, Laboratory Safety Rules, Basic

Laboratory Apparatus.

For Physics : Archimedes Principle Apparatus, Open U-tube Manometer, Air Blower, Light

Bulb and Dry Cell, Set of Connectors, Resistance Box, Introduction to Ratio-activity Kit,

Switches, DC Ammeter, DC Voltmeter, Galvanometer, Set of Coils, Motor-Generator Model,

Set of Hard Tools, Advanced Electromagnetism Kit, Graphing Calculator, Basic Electronics

Kits, Fuse with Holder, Variable Power Supply, Turning Fork Set, Resonance Tube Set, Sound

Signal Generator Kit, Loud Speaker, Wave Demonstration Set, DC String Vibrator, Musical

Instrument, Basic Lens Set, Prism, Refraction Blocks, Refraction Tank, Student Optical Bench

Set, Multimeter, Logic Gates Trainer and Assorted Glassware and Consumables Chart,

Electromagnetic Spectrum and Radioactive Elements.

WORLD TEACHERS’ DAY CAMPAIGN OF THE ALLIANCE

OF CONCERNED TEACHERS (ACT)-PHILIPPINES

To celebrate the World Teachers’ Day, the Alliance of Concerned Teachers (ACT)-

Philippines, a member of the Education International, will lead a nationally coordinated

campaign on October 5, 2011.

The ACT members will assemble at the St. Peter’s Cathedral along Commonwealth

Avenue by 1:00 p.m. before marching to the House of Representatives, Quezon City where

the ACT Teacher Party List Representative-Elect, Mr. Antonio L. Tinio will give his

privilege speech to convince the congressmen and congresswomen to increase the budget

for each public school teacher’s annual allowance to include additional supplies and

materials for teaching aides.

The participants to this activity are the ACT members from the National Capital

Region (NCR) and from municipalities outside NCR or nearby provinces.

The school heads of the teacher-members may allow them to participate on official

time in this campaign; however, they must ensure that there will be no disruption of

classes by applying the ―opposite session mode‖ during their participation in this campaign.

For more information, contact Ms. Frances Castro, Secretary-General, ACTPhilippines

at mobile phone nos.: 0917-850-2124; 0917-499-8608; or 0919-819-8903. You

may also send a message through e-mail address: act_philippines@yahoo.com or visit the

website at www.actsphils.org. MCR/JBM DA ACT-WTD

September 19, 2011

DepEd ADVISORY No. 484, s. 2011

In compliance with DepED Order No. 39, s. 2009

this advisory is issued for the information of DepEd officials and personnel

(visit DepEd website at www.deped.gov.ph)

September 26, 2011

AWARDING OF THE 2011 NATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT TEST (NAT) STUDENT

TOPNOTCHERS AND FIRST NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC

SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF THE PHILIPPINES (NAPSSPHIL)

STUDENT’S CONGRESS

The National Association of Public Secondary Schools of the Philippines

(NASSPHIL), Inc. in coordination with the Bureau of Secondary Education (BSE) and

National Education Testing and Research Center (NETRC) announces the holding of

the Awarding of 2011 National Achievement Test (NAT) Student Topnotchers and

First NASSPHIL Student’s Congress with the theme ―Raising the Bar in Studies and

Character Education (Making the Best of School Life, One Step at a Time),” on November

3-5, 2011 at the Bohol Tropics, Tagbilaran City, Bohol.

The congress aims to:

1. acquire, create images of the means to ensure academic and personal

excellence through the day-to-day decisions which make one at home,

in school, and in the immediate community from high school to college

life;

2. recognize and award the 2011 National Achievement Test (NAT)

Topnotchers for student’s greater motivation and excellence in high

school education;

3. develop the academic and leadership skills of the participants through

active participation in the NASSPHIL Academic Olympics and

leadership sessions/activities; and

4. discover the Bohol’s natural resources through an Educational

environmental tour.

The student-participants are the officers of the Student Supreme Government

(SSG), honor and outstanding students and teach-advisers. The student-awardees are

requested to attend the First NASSPHIL Student’s Congress and to receive the award

during the opening program.

A registration fee of Three Thousand Six Hundred Pesos (PhP3,600.00) shall be

charged to each participant to cover board and lodging, materials, educational

environmental tour and other related congress expenses. The members of the

different committees, as well as the present NAPSSPHIL officers and board of directors

are authorized to travel two (2) days before the congress. For an assurance of hotel

accommodation, the registration fee may be deposited at Banco de Oro NAPSSPHIL

Savings Account No. 5040125608 and send the deposit slip through fax no.: (034)

444-1186 two (2) weeks before the congress and present the same to the registration

committee for an issuance of official receipts. The walk-in participants may be

accepted if hotel accommodation is available or they will be referred to the nearest

hotel or pension houses.

For confirmation of attendance and inquiries, contact Mr. Warlito D. Rosareal,

NASSPHIL President at telephone no.: (034) 444-1186 or mobile phone no.: 0910-

429-6428. R-MCR/DA-NASSPHIL Congress

September 22, 2011

Plane Crash

A Single-Engine Craft Goes Down

By Tony Rogers, About.com Guide

What follows is a newswriting exercise. Any resemblance to persons living or dead is purely

coincidental.

It’s 9:30 p.m. You're on the night shift at the Centerville Gazette. You hear some chatter on the

police scanner and call the cops. Lt. Jack Feldman says he’s not sure yet what’s happening but he

thinks a plane crashed near the local airport. Centerville Airport is a small facility used mostly by

private pilots flying single-engine craft. Your editor tells you to get over there as fast as you can.

It’s a 15-minute drive and when you get there you hear sirens and see the flashing lights of

probably about a dozen emergency vehicles in a field about 200 yards from the control tower.

That area is fenced off so you park and run over to the tower, where a command post has been

set up. The weather is lousy; there’s sleet and a strong, driving wind. A man who identifies

himself as Jeff Belden of the local Federal Aviation Administration field office tells you the

following:

―Uh, yeah, it was a single-engine plane – a Cessna 172 Skyhawk, I believe. It was taking off

about 30 minutes ago when it crashed in a field adjacent to the runway. The control tower tells

me the pilot managed to get off the ground but immediately after takeoff he radioed the tower,

saying he was having problems controlling the aircraft. Shortly after that the plane crashed. This

could have been weather-related, we’re not sure yet. We have no information on the pilot or any

passengers or their conditions. This crash is under investigation.‖

You call your editor. He says you’ve got 45 minutes to bang out the story. You’ll write it on your

laptop and e-mail it to the editor. He tells you to add whatever background you can find on the

Cessna 172 Skyhawk.

You write the story and just as you’re about to send it you call Lt. Feldman on your cellphone.

―We’ve got IDs on the victims of the crash,‖ he says. He tells you two people were killed – the

pilot and owner of the plane, Dr. Richard Sabatini, a prominent local cardiac surgeon, and his

wife, Lydia. Feldman says the two had planned to fly to the exclusive Fontainebleau resort in the

northern part of the state for a skiing holiday.

Car Crash

Two Vehicles Collide on a Rural Road

By Tony Rogers, About.com Guide

What follows is a newswriting exercise. Any resemblance to persons living or dead is purely

coincidental.

It's 10:30 p.m. You're on the graveyard shift again at the Centerville Gazette and hear some

chatter on the police scanner about a car crash out on Highway 32, a road that runs through a

rural area of town. It sounds like a big crash so you head to the scene.

When you arrive you see that the crash is at the intersection of 32 and County Line Road. Two

cars, a large, relatively new-looking Ford SUV and a small Mini Cooper, have collided in the

middle of the intersection. It appears that the SUV broadsided the Mini Cooper, which has been

badly damaged on the driver's side. The SUV has some front-end damage. Several squad cars, an

ambulance and fire trucks have surrounded the scene. The weather is clear and the road is dry.

Centerville Police Officer Pete Wodotinski is on the scene and tells you the following: The crash

occurred about 10:15 p.m. The SUV, heading east on 32, apparently ran the red light and

broadsided the Mini Cooper, which was heading south on County Line Road. The Mini Cooper

had only one occupant, the driver. He was pronounced DOA. The SUV had three passengers. All

were injured and have been taken to Centerville Hospital for treatment. No IDs are available yet,

Wodotinski tells you.

It's getting late so you head back to the newsroom. Once there you phone Sgt. Jack O'Neill, the

night-duty desk sergeant at the Centerville PD, to get any additional information. O'Neill says

the DOA in the Mini Cooper has been identified as Garrett Johnson, 28, of Centerville, a former

U.S. Marine who just returned from his final tour of duty in Afghanistan last year. Johnson has a

wife and a 2-year-old daughter, O'Neill says.

O'Neill also says the three people in the SUV were all male students at the elite Waugh Prep

School in Centerville. All three were 17 and received minor injuries. O'Neill only has an ID for

the driver - Bradley Pierce, of Centerville.

As you're about to hang up, O'Neill adds, "Turns out Pierce is the son of Porter Pierce, president

and owner of Pierce Manufacturing," a local company that makes electronic parts for computers.

"And, oh yeah, we found beer cans in the SUV," he adds.

Mr John Erikub and his wife, Laura, were driving to their home in Majuro yesterday afternoon,

after shopping in Uliga. Mr and Mrs Erikub were in the front of their Toyota pick-up. Their three

children were travelling in the back - Paul, aged nine; Rachel, aged seven; and Miriam, aged

three.

Driving past the cemetery, they met a truck travelling in the opposite direction. This was a semi-

trailer belonging to Pacific Earthmoving Inc, carrying a 12-ton bulldozer. The truck was driven

by Mr Lewis Kili, who comes from Jaluit Atoll. The pick-up ran out of control and collided

head-on with the semi-trailer.

Police and ambulance were sent for. Mr and Mrs Erikub and their two elder children died

instantly. Miriam was taken to hospital with serious injuries and died later. The pick-up was a

write-off. The semi-trailer suffered only minor damage. Mr Kili was also taken to hospital and

treated for shock, but was later allowed home.

Police have interviewed Mr Kili. They say they are unlikely to charge him with any offence.

A Majuro couple and their three children died when their pick-up collided head-on with a semi-trailer.

Mr John Erikub, his wife, Laura, and their three children were driving home yesterday afternoon after

shopping in Uliga.

Their Toyota pick-up was passing the cemetery when it ran out of control and collided with the semi-

trailer.

Mr and Mrs Erikub, their son Paul, aged nine, and daughter Rachel, aged seven, died instantly. Their

youngest daughter, Miriam, aged three, died later in hospital.

All three children had been riding in the back of the pick-up.

The semi-trailer, which was carrying a 12-ton bulldozer, belonged to Pacific Earthmoving Inc.

Driver Mr Lewis Kili, who comes from Jaluit Atoll, suffered only minor injuries. He was treated in hospital

for shock, but later allowed home.

Police have interviewed Mr Kili and say they are unlikely to charge him with any offence.

The semi-trailer was slightly damaged, but the pick-up was a write-off.

Condensing Lengthy Leads Condense each of these leads to no more than two typed lines, or about 20 words.

1. Roger Datolli, 67, of 845 Conway Road, a retired attorney and husband of Mayor Sabrina

Datolli, who is serving her fourth term as mayor, was injured in a three-vehicle accident

Thursday afternoon around 3:20 p.m. at the intersection of Warren and Davidson

avenues, suffering a broken leg and several broken ribs when the car he was driving was

struck broadside by a pickup truck driven by Jerry R. Harris, 31, of 2245 Broadway Ave.,

and then was pushed into the path of another vehicle.

2. The city Planning and Zoning Commission met Thursday for its regularly scheduled

meeting and voted 3-2 to approve a joint plan by the citys Council of Government and the

local Chamber of Commerce to renovate the core downtown business district by building

a convention center and sports arena complex that will serve as a site for business

meetings and conferences as well as possibly host a minor league hockey team on the

Olympic-size ice rink planned for the site.

Using The Proper Sentence Structure Rewrite the following leads, using the normal word order: subject, verb, direct object. Avoid

starting the leads with a long clause or phrase. You may want to divide some of the leads into

several sentences or paragraphs. Correct all errors.

1. Wondering whether or not it was legally possible and if they could muster enough votes

to support their desire to see changes implemented in the downtown historic section of

the city, city council members Sandra Gandolf and Alice Cycler at the regular monthly

city council meeting raised the issue of having the city's planning and zoning commission

look into the possibility of creating a local board to oversee changes to buildings within

the six-block downtown historic district.

2. Because the victim contributed in large measure to his own death by refusing medical

attention that might have saved his life after the incident, James K. Arico, the 47-year-old

man accused of stabbing him in the chest during an argument seven months ago, was

allowed to plead guilty to assault today and was sentenced to six months in the county

jail. He had been charged with murder.

Emphasizing The News Rewrite the following leads, emphasizing the news, not the attribution. Limit the attributions to a

few words and place them at the end, not the beginning, of the leads.

1. At a news conference held at the Department of Energy in Washington, D.C., Monday

afternoon the head of the agency told reporters that the Senate's approval of a plan to

dump nuclear waste material in the Nevada desert near Las Vegas will provide a safe

haven for more than 77,000 tons of radioactive waste.

2. Tracy Tibitts, Lisa Drolshagen and Dorothy Brayton, all members of the Delta Delta

Delta sorority at Iowa State University, appeared in a local courtroom this morning and

testified that the defendant, Steven House, appeared drunk when he got into his car to

leave the party moments before he struck and killed the pedestrian.

sangkap ng pagbabalita

Pagsulat ng Balita

3 Sangkap ng Pagbabalita

1. Katiyakan

2. Kalinawan

3. Istilo

Mga mungkahi sa mahusay na Pagsulat

1. Isang ideya lamang sa bawat pangungusap

2. Limitahan ang bilang ng mga salita sa pangungusap. Hanggang maaari ay 23-25 lamang ang

gamitin. Isang paraan ng pagsubok-basahin ito nang malakas ng hindi humihinga. Kung hindi

mabasa nang walang hinto, mahaba ang pangungusap.

3. Tiyaking maayos at lohikal ang pagkakahanay ng mga kaisipan. Maging tuwiran, huwag

antalahin ang kahulugan ng mga kaisipan. Huwag gumamit ng maraming kuwit sa paglalahad.

4.Gumamit ng mga matitindi at maaalab na pandiwa na nasa aktibong tinig.

5. HAnapin ang mga simpleng salita sa halip na malalalim.

6. Huwag gumamit ng parehong salita sa isang pangungusap. Humanap ng iba pang

kasingkahulugan nito kung kinakailangan.

7. Piliin ang mga angkop na salita para sa mga tiyak na gamit sa balita.

ANG PAGSUSULAT NG BALITA

- isang pansariling pagtuklas

- isang proseso ng pag-uusisa

- isang paglalabas ng damdaming bumubukal at nagpapahinog sa diwa't isipan

- isang malikhaing gawaing inilalapat sa papel, o sa kompyuter

- pagbibigay sustansya sa mga bagay na maaaring sa iba'y walang kahulugan

- isang pabibigay impormasyon sa kapwa

- isang uri ng pakikipag-usap sa tao

- isang malayang proseso ng pagsusulat, pag-aayos, pag-eedit, paghuhugis, pagpapaunlad, at

pagpapalathala

MGA DAPAT TANDAAN SA PAGSULAT

KAISAHAN

- Bawat pangungusap ay kailangang tumalakay o may kinalaman sa pangunahing paksa.

Hindi basta tumatalon sa ibang paksa ang bawat talata.

- May isang sentral na ideya

- Umiikot ang talakay sa paksang sinusulat

- Ginagamit ng wasto ang mga salita para sa transisyon

KALINAWAN

- Ang mga pangungusap ay malinaw, hindi magulo ang pagkakaayos at nauunawaan ang

nais iparating.

- Hindi kalat-kalat ang mga ideya at hindi kung saan-saan napupunta ang tinatakakay.

- Hindi dapat paligoy-ligoy ang pangungusap.

- Maayos na pagdugtong-dugtong ng pangungusap.

- Lohikal ang pagkakaayos ng mga datos o impormasyong nakalap.

- Maayos ang ugnayan ng sinundan at kasunod nat talata.

- Mahusay, makinis at malinaw ang pagkakasulat.

Balita

Katuturan – ulat na maaring pasulat o pasalita ng mga bagay na naganap na, nagaganap, o magaganap pa.

Ang balita ay pahayag na nagmumula sa mga tao na nasa iba’t ibang panig

ng kapuluan na bahagi ng iba’t ibang karanasan. Kapag inilathala ang mga karanasang ito, ibayong interes ang nadarama ng mambabasa.

Mga salik na mahalaga sa Balita

a. mga pangyayari o detalye nito

b. kawilihan

c. mambabasa

Kahalagahan ng Balita

1. Nagbibigay Impormasyon

Ang kakabaihang regular na natutulog nang mas kokonti pa sa pitong oras gabi-gabi ay may mas mataas na panganib sa pagtaas ng

presyon ng dugo, ayon s isang bagong pag-aaral. Natuklasan ng mga mananaliksik na Briton na sa mahigit 10,000

adults na isinailalim sa pag-aaral sa loob ng limang taon, ang

kababaihang gabi-gabing natutulog ng anim na oras o mas konti pa ay may mas malaking posibilidad na tumaas ang presyon ng dugo kaysa

sa mga babaeng natutulog nang maayos.

2. Nagtuturo

Ang relaxation techniques ay isang mabuting paraan para labanan ang strees at mapanatili ang magandang kalusugan.

Subukin ang mga sumusunod na para tulungan kang magrelaks:

Pasiglahin ang kalamnan sa pamamagitan ng masahe.

3. Lumilibang

Siyempre naman, nag-aalala ako nang malaman ko na kinagat

ng pusa si Gladys Reyes sa presscon ng My Only Love. Nakakaloka ang

pusa dahil gumawa ito ng sariling eksena para mapansin siya.

4. Nakapagpapabago

Matapos na masangkot sa anomalya ang mga pulis ng Manila

Police District-Station Anti Illegal Drugs, iniutos ni Manila Mayor

Alfredo Lim ang pagbalasa sa 11 police station ng Manila police District

( MPD)

Mga Katangian ng Mahusay na Balita

a. ganap na kawastuhan – kawastuhang paktuwal: tunay na pangyayari: katumpukan ng pangkahalatang impresyon; kaayusan ng mga detalye,

tamang pagbibigay diin, hindi magulo o masalimuot ang diwa. Dead on arrival sa ospital ng Makati ang 64 anyos na si Dulce

Quintan Saguisag sanhi ng pagkabasag ng bungo at pinsala sa katawan

matapos na salpukin ng dump truck ang kanilang van kahapon ng madaling

araw sa Makati City.

b. Timbang-kaukulang diin sa bawat katotohanan, kaugnay ng ibang tunay na pangyayari; kawastuhan (paglalakip ng tunay at

napapanahong pangyayari lamang) Ayon sa ulat dakong alas- 12:30 ng madaling araw kahapon nang

maganap ang insidente sa gate ng bahay ng biktima ng naturang lugar.

Nabatid na naglalakadpauwi ang biktima matapos na makipag-inuman sa

ilang kapitbahay at nang papasok sa kanilang gate ng bahay ay biglang

sumulpot ang suspek mul sa isng madilim na bahagi hawak ang di-mabatid

na kalibre ng baril.

c. Walang kinikilingan Inamin ni Geronimo na siya mismo ang may kasalanan dahil nagulat

siya nang biglang sumulpot ang van. Iginiiit din niya na naka-green light

kaya tuloy-tuloy siya.

Sinalungat naman ng isang taxi driver na si Joeffrey Olmagiz, 28, ng

Holy Spirit, Quezon City, ang pahayag ng driver ng dump truck. Sinabi niya

na kasunod siya ng sasakyan ni Saguisag at naka-green light sila.

d. kaiklian

e. kalinawan

f. kasawian

Mga Uri ng Balita

a. Ayon sa saklaw

1. baliktang local o nasyonal 2. balitang dayuhan

3. balitang may petsa o pinanggalingan – pinangungunaha ng petsa, kung kalian isinulat at ang lunan, kung saan sinulat ng

reporter

b. Ayon sa pagkakasunud-sunod

1. paunang balita – ulat tungkol sa inaasahang pangyayari gaya ng gaganaping timpalak, dula palara atbp.

2. balitang di-inaasahan – balitang isinulat ukol sa pangyayaring naganap na di inaasahan

3. balitang itinalaga – balitang sinulat batay sa palagiang o pirmihang pinagkukunan gaya ng kongreso, ospital atbp.

4. balitang panubaybay – ulat tungkol sa pinakabagong pangyayari bilang karagdagan o kasunod ng naunang balita

5. balitang rutin o kinagawian – ukol sa inaasahang magaganap

tulad ng regular na pagpupulong, platuntunan atbp.

c. Ayon sa Anyo

1. tuwirang balita – inihahayag ang balita ayon sa ayos na tagilo o baliktad na piramide.

2. Balitang lathalain – nababatay rin sa tunay na pangyayari na kagaya ng mga tuwirang balita. Ang karaniwang ayos nito ay ay

ang pinagpalibang pinakamahalagang pangyyari gaya ng ayos ng isang kuwento.

3. balitang iisang paksa o tala – iisang pangyayari o paksa ang taglay na pamatnubay. Sa katawan ng balita ipinaliliwanag ang

mga detalye. 4. balitang maraming itinatampok – maraming bagay o paksa ang

itinatampok sa pamatnubay. Nakahanay sa katawan ng balita ang pagpapaliwanag.

d. Ayon sa Pagtalakay sa Paksa

1. balitang May pamukaw-damdamin o kawilihan – umaantig ng

damdamin at kumukuha ng reaksyon ng mambabasa. 2. Balitang may pagpapakahulugan – ipinauunawa sa mambabasa

ang kahalagahan ng pangyayari. Maaring isama rito ang: a) dahilan ng pangyayari b) sanligan c) katauhan ng pangunahing

kasangkot sa balita d) kabuluhan ng kahalagahan

3. Balitang may lalim – pagbabalitang may paghamon sa kaisipan

ng mga mambabasa at kakayahan ng reporter

e. Ayon sa Nilalaman 1. Balitang pang-agham

2. balitang pangkaunlaran

3. balitang pampalakasan

Hakbang sa Pagsulat ng Balita

1. Isulat ang buod

2. Itala ang mga pangyayari ayon sa pababa o paliit na kahalagahan

3. Hanapin ang impormasyong itatampok sa pamatnubay. Unahi9n ang pinakatampok.

4. Isulat ang balita ayon sa pagkakasunud-sunod na pangyayari batay sa pababang kahalagahan.

Mungkahi sa Pagsulat ng Balita

1. Isulat agad ang balita pagkatapos makalap

2. Bigyang diin at palawakin ang nangingibabaw na pangyayari

3. maging tumpak

4. Iwasan ang magbigay ng opinion

5. Banggitin ang awtoridad o pinagmulan ng balita lalo kung a)

nangingibabaw ang opinion kaysa tunay na pangyayari b) ang balita ay kontrobersyal c) ang balita ay nagpapataas ng bagong regulasyon.

6. ibigay ang buong pngalan ng tao sa unang pagbanggit. Pagkatapos gamitin na lamang ang G. sa apelyido ng lalaki at Bb. O Gng sa babae

o sa anumang titulong nabanggit. 7. Ilahad ang pangyayari nang walang kinikilingan

8. Ipakilala ang pangalang binangit

9. iwasan ang pagkakaroon ng kulay sa paggamit ng salita o pariralang

maaaring makapinsala sa paniwala at asal ng mambabasa o ng ibinabalita

10. Simulan ang bawat talalata sa mahalaga at kawili-wiling pangyayari.

11. Sumulat ng maikling pngungusapn amay kalinawan.

12. Ilagay ang tuwiran at di-tuwiran sabi sa magkahiwalay na talata. 13. Gumamit ng mga payak at tiyak na salita.

Batayang Ayos o Kayarian ng Balita

Ang Editoryal o pangulong-tudling ay isang mapanuring pagpapakahulugan ng kahalagahan ng

isang napapanahong pangyayari upang magbigay-kaalaman, makapagpaniwala, o makalibang sa

mga mambabasa.

Ito ay tinatawag ding tinig ng pahayagan.

Mga Layunin ng Editoryal

1. Magpabatid

2. Magpakahulugan

3. Magbigay-puna

4. Magbigay-puri

5. Magpahalaga sa tanging araw

6. Manlibang

Mga Uri ng Editoryal

1. Nagpapakahulugan. Ipinaliliwanag nito ang kahalagahan o kahulugan ng isang

mahalagang pangyayari.

2. Nagpapabatid. Ito’y nagbibigay kaalaman o linaw sa ilang pangyayaring hindi gaanong

maunawaan.

3. Namumuna at nagpapabago. Pumupuna ito sa isang kalagayan ng isang tao, o ng isang

paraan ng pag-iisip sa layuning makakuha ng mga kapanig sa paniniwala at kung

mangyayari’y makapagbunsod ng pagbabago.

4. Nagpaparangal at nagbibigay-puri. Nagbibigay ito ng papuri sa isang taong may

kahanga-hangang nagawa, nagpapahayag ng pagpapahalaga sa isang katangi-tanging

Gawain, o nagpaparangal sa isang taong namayapa na may nagawang pambihirang

kabutihan.

5. Nagpapahalaga sa natatanging araw. Ipinaliliwanag nito ang kahalagahan ng mga tanging

araw o okasyon.

6. Nanlilibang. Hindi ito karaniwang sinusulat. Ang paraang ginagamit ditto ay di-pormal,

Masaya, kung minsan ay sentimental, at karaniwang maikli lamang.

Bahagi ng Editoryal at

Mga Tuntunin sa pagsulat ng Editoryal o pangulong-tudling…

Mga Bahagi ng Editoryal

1. Panimula o news peg. Ito ang paksa o balitang batayan ng isusulat na tudling. Narito ang

mga tala o detalye ng paksa. Kailangang ito ay maging maikli lamang.

2. Katawan. Ito ang kuru-kuro o palagay ng sumulat ukol sa paksa. Maaaring laban o sang-

ayon siya sa paksa. Narito rin ang layunin ng sumulat ng editorial.

3. Panapos o pangwakas. Pagpapatibay ito ng kuru-kuro at pagbibigay ng mungkahi o

solusyon sa tinatalakay na isyu.

Mga Tuntunin sa Pagsulat ng Editoryal

1. Magkaroon ng kawili-wiling panimula, maikli lamang upang akitin ang mambabasa.

2. Buuin ang katawan sa pamamagitan ng paglalahad ng mga katibayan nang maayos at

malinaw.

3. Iwasan ang pagbibigay ng pangkalahatang patakaran. Sa halip ay—

a. Gumamit ng mga halimbawa at paglalarawan upang pagtibayin ang simulain.

b. Gumamit ng paghahambing at pag-iiba-iba.

c. Gumamit ng magkakatulad na kalagayan.

d. Banggitin ang pinagmulan ng mga inilalahad na kalagayan.

4. Tapusin ang naaangkop.

5. Tandaang ang pinakapansing bahagi ay ang panimula at ang panapos.

6. Gawing maikli lamang.

7. Huwag mangaral, ilahad lamang ang katwiran at hayaang ang mambabasa ang gumawa ng

sariling pagpapasiya.

8. Iwasan ang unang panauhanm isahang panghalip.

9. Sulatin nang payak lamang.

NEWSWRITING

“Any event, idea, or opinion that is timely, that interests and affects a large number of persons in the community, and that is capable of being understood by them.” “News is an oral or written report of an event that happened, is happening, will happen in the North, East, West, or South that is of interest to the reader and which should be reported.” But what is interesting to one is not always interesting to another.

Elements of the News Conflict, Immediacy or Timeliness, Proximity or Nearness, Prominence, Significance, Names, Drama, Oddity and Unusualness, Romance and Adventure, Sex, Progress, Animals, Number, Emotion

Basic Rule (ABC) in Writing News: ACCURACY, BREVITY, CLARITY.

Different forms of writing an incident Situation: A fire broke out and four persons made their separate essays on what happened. For a 10-year-old grade school pupil, “I saw a fire. It was a big red fire. It burned a house. There were many people around. Some men put water on the fire.” For a romantic high school student, “Fearful scarlet tongues arose to the star-studded heaven and licked greedily at the doomed edifice while the stout-hearted firefighters risked their all to quench the terrible conflagration.” For a lady bystander, “You know, Mare, there was a fire in our community. I think it cost the owner a great deal of money. The date was August 8. August is the eighth month. So I bet in the lottery, 8-16-24-32-40-48.” For a news writer, “A fire of undetermined origin razed to the ground a two-storey apartment owned by lawyer Herman Lagon of 80 Lopez Jaena St., Jaro Iloilo City, last night. Four trucks from the Jaro Fire Station subdued the fire within an hour. The damage estimated by the police at PhP 500,000.00 was covered by insurance.” (Here, note the 5W’s and 1H in the lead) The combination of simple, vivid and dignified articles produces a copy simple enough for Mr. Average Reader to understand. We call it news article.

Structure of news: Inverted Pyramid (from climax to less important)

Sample News Headline (ulo ng balita)

Dog dies saving blind master Lead (pamatnubay)– Most important facts

A FOUR-YEAR-OLD dog saved the life of his blind master, Thursday night, but the canine‟s loyalty cost the trusty animal his life. Bridge—Elaboration of lead

In serious condition today in Doctor‟s Hospital is Erland Escobanez, 71, a street sweeper. Escobanez of SSS Building, Rizal St., Iloilo City was found early this morning unconscious on a sidewalk near the Aglipayan Church in the Iloilo Terminal Market. Less important facts

Police theorized that Escobanez was knocked unconscious when he fell, his head hitting a stone. Potpot, his dog, apparently tried to shield its master from the cold and the rain by draping itself over the fallen man.

When discovered this morning by the Police Patrol, Escobanez was still out cold. The dog lay near, dead. Relatives of Escobanez who is still a bachelor, told authorities that he always took nightly strolls at about 11

p.m. with his dog. Minor facts

According to doctors, only the warmth from the dog‟s body saved Escobanez from certain death. Escobanez told police that he remembers nothing of the incident. A wallet containing PhP 500.00 was still in his pocket leading the authorities to rule out robbery.

How to write a lead? Lead It is a single word, a phrase, a clause, a brief sentence, an entire paragraph or a series of paragraphs. The main function of the lead, aside from introducing the news story, are to tell the story in capsule form and to answer right away the questions the reader would naturally ask. A good lead answers all the important questions of the reader, indicates thefacts if they are all important, and

arouses the readers‟ interest to continue reading the story. In Filipino news, a good lead starts with a verb like “Nilamon ng…”

Conventional or summary lead This kind of lead used in straight news, answers right away all or any of the 5 W’s (Who, What, When, Where, Why) and/or the H (How). It may be one of the following:

1. WHO lead PRESIDENT Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo addressed, April 20, the PMA graduates in Baguio City. 2. WHAT lead AN ENTRANCE examination will be given Nov. 24 to all graduating high school students desiring to enroll in the four-year college course. 3. WHERE lead TRAPICHE, Oton, Iloilo will be the site of the next International Film Festival. 4. WHEN lead TODAY, almost to the hour, the Revolutionary Government was proclaimed by former President Corazon Aquino. 5. WHY lead BECAUSE of poverty, around a hundred students dropped from school last year. This was learned from Ateneo de Iloilo principal Aurora dela Cruz. 6. HOW lead BY APPEALING to the school board, the University of Iloilo was able to construct a 30-storey, concrete building.

Do’s and Don’ts in writing a news story

1. Write the story immediately. 2. Play up the dominant points. 3. Be accurate and truthful. 4. Avoid opinions called editorializing. 5. Use adjectives sparingly. 6. Avoid libelous, seditious and rebellious matters, prejudice and bad taste. 7. Give source (attribution) of the news. Use quotes! 8. Write names in full when these are mentioned for the first time. 9. Identify the names mentioned. 10. Avoid redundancy. 11. Watch out for errors in fact, grammar, structure, and style. 12. Observe the guidelines for clear effective writing (unity, coherence, emphasis, brevity, clarity, etc.) 13. Adopt a paper stylesheet or stylebook for consistency and professionalism (in Ripples, we officially adopt the

Daily Inquirer Stylebook)

Guidelines in writing a news story 1. Give your lead sentence a “punch” to catch the interest of the readers. 2. Starts with the most important event or idea. 3. Use the rule or proximity and explain how the news affects the people in the locality or the students in school. 4. If your story has something unusual or novel to tell, bank on that for the lead. It‟s hot copy. 5. Make your sentences concise and clear so that they could be easily understood. Long tedious sentences will likely

“kill” the readers‟ interest. Besides, they usually “lose” the readers along the way. News stories are not “luxury” or ”pleasure” reading. They have the basic function to inform.

6. Use simple words. Using highfalutin words does not prove anything but pedantry and literary pretentions. Even literary writers try as much as possible to use simple words.

7. Never be afraid of breaking the rules if it will prove helpful in making a good copy.

FEATURE WRITING

What is a feature article (lathalain)? It is hard to define a feature article because it can take so many forms and can cover so many subjects. However, a reader may easily distinguish feature stories from news stories through its different characteristics. A feature article is an essay based on fact. It‟s a virtual drop bag. It is never fictitious. This makes it different from ordinary essay you study in your literature class. Like an editorial, a feature article is hung on a newspeg. Feature stories, like news stories, are written to inform but they enlarge news in a leisurely and entertaining way. They are written to add life to the paper and therefore their style lends more to the creativity of a writer. The main objective of news is to inform while that of a feature article is toentertain. But feature articles may also

instruct, advise, influence, inform, and entertain at the same time. The matrix below compares and contrasts news, feature and editorial articles.

COMPARISON NEWS EDITORIAL FEATURE

1. Definition Report an event Interpretation of an event/issue

An essay based on facts

2. Main Purpose To inform To interpret To entertain using present human interest stories

3. Timeliness Timely Timely Timely

Imagine this … You are a reporter of a newspaper covering a beat in the Iloilo Port Terminal. While going home for work, you

notice an old man ferrying people across a narrow waterway that divides the passenger bancas from the wharf. You have passed by him hundreds of times before without a second thought, but suddenly you get off your motorcycle press and grab your notepad. You have just spotted a feature story. You take a candid shot of the old man and start asking him questions about himself, his family, his job, his odd experience with the endless stream of humanity that he ferries daily across the small brook. At home, you sit down and focus your thoughts on the old gnarled ferryman and study the odds and ends about him on your notepad. You organize your material and determine your focus of interest. Then, you begin to write your story: REGIE Zabalacheng has the loneliest job in town. Each day, he ferries hundreds of people across the Iloilo stream, but no one bothers to say “hello,” or even give a friendly wave. Sabalacheng, 68, of 70 Lopez Jaena Street, Iloilo City, has been at his job for 40 solitary years. “Nobody ever pays attention to me except to give me the two peso-fare after I get them safely across the river. I know them all by face because I see them every day but I don’t know their names,” Zabalacheng said with a cynical grin, “I guess they don’t know mine either.” “It’s not a bad job, but it sure gets lonely.” The story continues with more quotes from Zabalacheng, a description of his appearance and mannerisms, anecdotes from his 40-year career, and his family. You‟ve got a feature story.

The Wall Street Journal Formula Here is a structure for features that the Wall Street Journal has used successfully for many years. Beginning (introduction)—Start with an anecdote or an illustration of the theme (1

st to 2

nd paragraphs).

Theme—Shortly after the beginning, state the point of the piece (3rd

to 6thparagraphs).

Body—Provide details that elaborate on that theme. Tell the reader what is happening and why and what‟s being

done about the situation. This serves rather than conclude on a secondary piece of information as to most news stories, a feature may have what is called a kicker, a punch at the end that drives home the theme and that the

reader must always remember. (5th

to 7th

paragraphs)

Topics for Feature Stories

1. Personalities 2. Experience and adventure 3. Description 4. Narratives 5. Backgrounders 6. Developmental feature articles

4. Length Short Around 300 words (2000 computer characters)

Depends upon the needs

5. Use of words Simple precise, concrete Simple, forceful, direct May be descriptive, flowery, colorful

6. Use of sentences Short, simple, 15-25 words average

May be longer May be longer

7. Paragraph No topic sentence, one idea, one paragraph

With topic sentence, longer

With topic sentence, longer

8. Use of literary devices Journalistic, direct to the point, no idioms, figures of speech

Journalistic, direct to the point, may use idioms, figures of speech if properly handled

Literary, can be journalistic; idioms, figures of speech used freely

9. Use of adjectives/opinion

Uses adjectives sparingly; opinion, never

Adjectives used freely; primarily opinion

As much as desired

10. Parts Lead, (Bridge), Body Introduction (newspeg, reaction), body, conclusion (clincher)

Introduction, body, ending

11. Style Follows style-sheet newspaper style

Follows style-sheet, newspaper style

Composition style or newspaper style

12. Structure Inverted pyramid Hypothesis, arguments/stand on issue, conclusion

Suspended interest or pyramid structure

13. Title/Headline Short (subject-verb; telegraphic sentence form)

Shorter (at most three words)

Any length as long as it is appealing to the reader/topic

14. Kinds (Refer to the syllabus)

Note: Sports News is not included since this special news article combines News, Feature and Editorial

precepts.

7. “What to do” and “How to” articles

How to introduce (begin) the Feature article? Unlike straight news, a feature article may begin in any form and in any style. It depends on the topic or purpose of the writer. Most features, however, may be introduced by any of the following:

1. Rhetorical question WHO says that age is an obstacle to education? Take it from Procopio Dimakulangan of San Miguel, Iloilo who stopped going to school 50 years ago after finishing the elementary grades. This year, he enrolled as a first year evening student at Andres Bonifacio High, Ateneo de Iloilo‟s adopted school. 2. Startling statement “HINDI pa kami laos!” Ito ang pahayag ng mga “young once”—mga guro, pinuno ng paaralan at mga magulang—nang kanilang ipinagdiwang ang Araw ng Ateneo, Agosto 17, at lumahok sila sa iba‟t ibang palatuntunan at paligsahan upang bigyang-buhay at kasanayan ang pagdiriwang. 3. Narrative statement MRS. NELIA Marie Pradas, a fourth year evening student sends herself and her six children to school, acting as mother and father at the same time. Every day, Mrs. Pradas takes her tentative place between the half-time tinderatending her sarisari store during the

day and the half-time student studying at night. 4. Quoted remarks “I EARN while I learn.” He smiled at me as the interview reeled off. “How can you work, have a part-time job as an exotic dancer, and at the same time go to school?” I asked. “Well, it is easy, she explained. “I don‟t do all of these at the same time.” 5. An old maxim, an aphorism or a ―salawikain “TUBIG, tubig sa lahat ng dako, ngunit kahit isang patak ay walang maiinom.” Itong siniping sabi ni Samuel Coleridge sa tulang “The Ancient Mariner” na wala nang bisa ngayon. Kahit na tubig na galing sa baha ay maiinom na. Paano? Ganito ang paraan. 6. History or background of the subject ISLAMS throughout the world, including our Filipino Muslim brothers observe the holy month of Ramadan, starting Sept. 17. Ramadan is the ninth lunar month of the Muslim calendar. It is observed by Muslims as the Lenten Season is commemorated by Christians. 7. Problems to be discussed in the article of fact to be established THIS IS the answer to the rising cost of vegetables: raise your own.

Ending the Feature article 1. A summary of the whole article MAKINIG ka sa dalubhasa: ang paninigarilyo ay lubhang masama sa kalusugan. Maaring maturingan kang tunay na lalaki dahil sa paninigarilyo mo, subalit hindi tatagal ang buhay mo upang mapatunayan mo ang iyong pagkalalaki. 2. An announcement of the main point for the first time THEREFORE, a major part of the development communications effort should be directed at strengthening the character of the people and developing in them moral values, particularly by self-discipline, self-reliance, strength of character, and fortitude. 3. A question left in the reader’s mind ANG KAMAY ng makabagong Pilipino ay handang marumihan. Pinaiikoit niya ang gulong ng pangkaunlaran. Iwina-wagayway niya ang bandila ng kalayaan—kalayaan laban sa paghihikahos, at kalayaan sa kamangmangan. 4. Suggested results or significance LET US conserve our forests now if we want to save the future of our country and of our children. 5. A forecast or prophecy IN SIX-AND-A-HALF centuries from now, if population explosion would not be checked, there would be one person standing on every square foot of land on earth. By that time, people would be devouring one another for there would be no more space for plants to grow. 6. A repetition of the introduction ASKED if he had formal training in photography, Lovely Sepe finally answered, “Ah, it is now the reverse. It is here where I learn as I earn, not earn as I learn.” (the lead of the feature article is, “I learn while I earn). 7. A repetition of a sentence or slogan, or a reference to the title AFTER four years of working as a houseboy, working during the day and going to school at night, Jose Bonifacio will soon graduate as a first honor student. Now, who says that poverty is a hindrance to education? (The title of the feature article is “Poverty, not a hindrance.”) 8. An appropriate quotation NESTOR claims that he is poor. But when asked why he gave his last centavo to the old man, he answered: “It is not what we give, but what we share

For the gift, without the giver is bare, Who gives himself with his alms feeds three Himself, his hungering neighbor and me.”

A good feature writer should possess the following:

1. a keen observation 2. an intellectual curiosity 3. ability to find features in everyday happenings 4. cupboards of descriptive words (using all senses)and everyday idioms 5. the skill to weave words into interesting sentences and paragraphs 6. the ability to write effectively 7. the attitude to “think first before writing” and to “show (suggest), not tell, things”

Feature Example Topic: Abortion

COME TO me, Mama. Come, touch me and feel my pain. Don’t be afraid now, Mama. You weren’t when you killed me. Here, touch this… can you feel it now, Mama? The excruciating pain that consumed my helpless body? You inflicted that, remember?

Look at my body, now a mass of rotting flesh and coagulated blood. The dregs of what was a tiny human body. A body that was soft with a tiny head matted with a sheen of baby hair. A tiny body with a tiny heart that pulsated in time with yours. These were my fingers and ohh!... Here‟s my thumb which I sucked while snugly tucked inside you.

You see, I had long lashes just like Dad‟s. My sensitive mouth was just like yours. And here are my ears that heard your quickening heartbeat when you‟re afraid.

I could have been a wonderful child if you‟ve let me live. I could have been baby boy, just what Daddy wanted. A strong, healthy and bubbly bundle in your arms. My

hypersensitiveness would have exasperated you. Daddy? Hmmm… He could have coached me in playing basketball. He‟ll be the passer and I am the

shooter. I could have grown into a writer. You would be proud of me coz I‟m gonna join contests. Mama, see I was alive but not anymore. So, please let baby brother live. He could also be as wonderful as

me. His life wouldn‟t be like mine. A life that never was.

EDITORIAL WRITING

What is an Editorial? It is the official stand of the publication on a relevant development or issue. It is a concerted commentary written by any member of the editorial staff who comments or gives the newspaper‟s or staff‟s opinion on an issue which is of interest and importance to the public. The editorial is considered the soul of the newspaper for it stirs the conscience of the readers to action; it influence

and molds public opinion. It is usually written in formal language, expressing the stand of the paper on controversial issues of the day. It has no byline. It is the expression of the people‟s conscience, cause, and convictions.—Joseph Pulitzer

Characteristics of a good editorial

1. Must have clearness of style 2. Moral purpose 3. Sound reasoning 4. The power to influence public opinion 5. Lead logically to a conclusion 6. Present only one idea 7. Avoid wordiness 8. Present facts not mere opinion 9. Concise, around 250-300 words or 2,000-2,500 computer characters (at most 6 paragraphs) 10. Must be decisive and bias

Types of editorial

1. Editorial of information 2. Editorial of interpretation 3. Editorial of criticism 4. Editorial of commendation, appreciation, or tribute 5. Editorial of argumentation

6. Editorial of entertainment 7. Mood editorial 8. Pooled editorial

How to write an editorial? In writing editorial, select only one specific idea to develop. Be sure the topic is of interest to the reader. Organize your editorial in three parts: 1. Introduction Contains the newspeg with the reaction. It is usually one short paragraph.(A newspeg is a brief statement about the news

event upon which the editorial is based or an existing issue that needs to be solved right away) 2. Body It may take two to four short paragraphs that support or justify the reaction. Cite reasons, statistics, interviews, or figures. 3. Ending The ending, sometimes called the clincher, summarizes the editorial‟s stand. It must be crispy and difficult to forget.

Example of an introduction (reaction is italicized; newspeg is in regular font) The new office policy of requiring tardy students to study their lessons in the literary while they wait for the next period is both timely and wise. It is a source of great pride and inspiration for our school to come out second in the NSAT regionwide. Our general PTA is really generous and concerned for the student’s welfare. They will donate labor and materials to

improve the school gym.

Titles Like in feature articles, the editorial has also a head or title which should be brief (preferably less than four words), forceful and interesting. In writing editorials, there is no room for “balimbings.” Though the writer must present both sides, he/she must, in the end, take a concrete stand on the issue. To perfect this, one must keep on toes on the different issues swarming the society from the most complicated to the most mundane topics.

Pointers in writing editorial

1. Make the editorial interesting enough to read. 2. Develop it from one specific, limited idea, phrased in one sentence and expanded into the body of the editorial. 3. Have a purpose well in mind that should be accomplished with sufficient data. 4. Organize all data into well-reasoned arguments, with each argument leading up to the conclusion. 5. Peg the lead sentence on recent, relevant news for its impact value. 6. Present both sides of an issue and clarify tricky aspects with a widely understood analogy or with an illustration that

makes for easier understanding. 7. Direct the editorial towards the establishment of a consensus. 8. Article must be simple, direct, clear, and forceful. 9. No double meanings. 10. It must reflect clear, logical thinking. 11. Subject matter must be significant to the readers. 12. Sentences and paragraphs must be comparatively short.

Do‟s and Don‟ts in writing an editorial

1. Win the reader‟s interest with an impelling lead paragraph. 2. Avoid generalities by using plenty of facts and by telling what these facts mean. 3. Keep your editorials short; around 300 words (2,500 computer characters) only. 4. Do not preach, scold or moralize. 5. Relate editorials directly to the lives of the reader. 6. Avoid the first person, “I.” Use the editorial “We.” 7. Write simply. 8. Develop editorial from only one specific, limited idea, phrased in one sentence and expanded into the body. 9. Sentences and paragraphs should be relatively short. 10. Accomplish your purpose.

Editorial beginnings

An editorial may start with: 1. A simple statement that gives enough of the situation, problem or news to be discussed. 2. A question that calls attention to, give an idea about the problem or point out the logical development of the topic.

3. A striking statement that jolts the imagination and arouses the interest of the reader. 4. A quotation relevant to the subject under discussion. 5. A narrative illustrating the problem or situation.

Example: Vandals

ATENEO de Iloilo‟s walls have a new coat of paint and are presently clean. Whether they retain their present state of cleanliness depends almost entirely on the students. The first spots appeared as a result of negligent student leaning against the walls and scraping the soles of their shoes on them. Some students have also taken a peculiar delight in making long pencil scrawls on the walls as they go to classes. According to an observant parent, Ateneans, more than any other group of students, abuse their buildings. This report, whether true or otherwise, should serve as a challenge. Will the walls remain clean?

SPORTS WRITING

What is Sports Reporting? Sports writing has become one of the most popular forms of modern journalistic writing. More and more Atenean readers are now turning to the sports section before looking at the more prosaic news of the time. But while may talk about sports, there are only few who can write a sports story. Even experienced reporters get lost covering games and writing about them because it takes more than just answering the 5 W‟s and 1 H to be able to come up with a comprehensive sports news story.

Example ILAGAN, Isabela—Isabela National High School, behind the remarkable performances of Florante Carreon

and Paul Gonzales, took all the Roxas National High School could offer before hacking out a close 60-59 win in an exhibition game held at St. Ferdinand College Court here, Tuesday. Carreon scored 21 points to lead Isabela and Gonzales 13 points but delivered this on the crucial part of the game including the winning free throw. The game started in a roller-coaster encounter and the first half ended 28-27 with Isabela on the lead. The second half was still close and Roxas took the lead with two minutes to go, but Gonzales displayed a big heart as he connected a three-pointer to give Isabela the lead, 54-53. Rolly Menor carried Roxas on that decisive moment and tied the game at 59-all with 15 seconds to go. Gonzales fished a foul with 10 seconds left and split his charity for the lead, 60-59. Herman Menor refused to give up but his last desperate jumpshot went in-and-out of the ring. “Faith carried us through this game, it‟s a good game,” said Gonzales after the game. Box scores:

INHS (60)—Carreon 21, Gonzales, 13, Magusib, 12, Mercado 6, Aguinaldo 4, Martinez 2, Cabanlong 2, Ong 0, Lim 0, Gumaru 0. RNHS (59)—Menor 22, Balagan 18, Malaca 12, Soriano 7, Allavigan 0, gonzaga 0, Advincula 0, Limbauan 0, Galapon 0.

Sports News Structure Like any other news story, a sports story has a lead and a body. The sports lead is the attention-getter and the body

is the news in a-nut-shell. The classic 5 W’s and 1 H appear in the sports lead as: 1. Who won? 2. How did they win? 3. Against whom? 4. By

what score? 5. Where? and 6. When? The Torres High School Quintet (1) poured 10 baskets in the last three minutes (2) to edge out the Osmenians (3) 65-63 (4) at the opponents homeground (5) yesterday afternoon (6). This kind of summary lead may vary.

The lead can also highlight other elements like: 1. The key play

LAKANDULA, Iloilo—The visiting Soliman High School sluggers bombed the Lakandula batters with six runs in the third inning to subdue a nerve-frazzling Lakandula rally, 14-12, as they clinched the invitational game here, in connection with the celebration of the school‟s Foundation Day.

2. The outstanding player EDWARD Ong of Ateneo de Iloilo, after almost four hours of battle over the chessboard, copped the most coveted YMCA trophy after outwitting Philippine Science High School chesser William Santos in 27 moves of a Sicilian defense.

3. Analytical approach RIDING high on sizzling spikes and tricky placing, the spitfire Ateneo Blue Dragons blasted the Ateneo Blue Eagles killers in the crucial third set to won 15-10, 11-15, 15-7 in the Jesuit Athletics Meet (JAM), Sept. 21, at the Sacred HeartSchool in Cebu yesterday

The body

After the lead, the other elements follow in descending order. These will include:

1. Team and/or individual standing 2. Decisive plays

3. Best scores for the day 4. Play-by-play 5. Quotations

Elements that make up a good sports article:

1. Personalities 2. Play-by-play description 3. Statistics and comparisons 4. Quotes by players 5. Quotes by trainers and coaches 6. Background stuff on players 7. The importance or significance of the event 8. Background of the game 9. Weather conditions 10. Crowd and celebration

Lingos and Slanguages

Basketball (basketbol) Quintet, goal (gol o buslo), dribble (dribol), pivot, rally, rebound (rebaun), technical foul, 15-foot line, hook shot, zone defense, first half (unang kalahati), tip-in, full court, press, box out, slam dunk, man-to-man, trey, full-court press, hook shot, goaltending, baseline, board, layup (leyap), out-of-bounds, dominated the paint Baseball or Softball (beisbol at sopbol) Diamond, pitcher (pitser), catcher (katser), back stop, hit a homerun, rolling ball, short stop, southpaw, pegged at third, fast ball, playoff (n, adj), play off (v.), slugger, wild pitch, bullpen Boxing (boksing) Southpaw, slugger, rabbit punch, kidney punch, referee stopped contest (RSC), technical knockout, featherweight,

Chess Checkmate, rook, queenside, Sicilian opening, Ruy Lopez defense, Queen‟s gambit, knight, white, black, fast pawn, en passé, castle, pin, open check, blunder, Philidor‟s defense Volleyball Spike (spaik), placing (pleysing), change court, kill (kil), Chinese kill, block, net ball, wallop (wallop), jump serve, spiker (spay-ker), server (serber) Soccer or Football Soccerites, goalie, corner kick, penalty kick, full back, defenders, booters, kick off (v.), kickoff (adj) Track Pass on the baton, breasted the tape, clock a new record, photo finish, distance runner, century run Tennis and Badminton Best of three matches, love set, backhand, drive, doubles, racket, forehand, smash cut Swimming Tanker, aquabelle, breast stroke, plunge, springboard, tank, dive, summersault

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COPY READING AND HEADLINE WRITING

Copyreading is much like the work of a communication arts teacher correcting compositions, except that he uses different symbols. A copy may be a news item, an editorial, a feature story or any literary article.

Duties of a copyreader:

1. Straighten out ungrammatical construction. 2. Shorten sentences and tighten paragraphs. 3. See that the paper‟s style requirements are strictly followed. Check names, addresses, title, designations,

identifications, figures, etc. 4. Rewrite the story completely if it is poorly written. 5. Rewrite the lead or the first few paragraphs whenever necessary, but must never tamper with the facts unless

he is sure of his corrections. 6. Delete all opinion, speculations and statements on news which are without attribution or sources. 7. Watch out for slanting or any attempt to present the story in a subtly biased way. 8. Watch for libelous statements.

9. Recheck figures and totals. 10. Cross-out adjectives in news which tend to make a story sound over-written. 11. Cut a story to size or to the required length if necessary. 12. Check attributions and see to it that they are properly identified. 13. Challenge facts, claims, or reports when they sound anomalous, illogical and incredible. 14. Check sluglines and paging sequences 15. Write headlines

What to copyread?

1. Errors in fact 2. Errors in grammar 3. Errors in structure 4. Errors in style 5. Libelous and derogatory statements 6. Seditious and rebellious matter 7. Expressions contrary to law and good taste 8. Opinion and editorializing statements 9. Verbal deadwood, redundancy 10. Technical terms, slang, jargons

Copy-reading symbols

Punctuation Marks

Symbols Meaning Outcome

The Bionic Woman Emphasize quotes “The Bionic Woman”

Dr Arthur Cruz Jr Emphasize periods Dr. Arthur Cruz Jr.

said “I must go.” Emphasize comma said, “I must go.”

Numbers and Abbreviations

in Nov. Spell out in November

Doctor Arthur Cruz Abbreviate Dr. Arthur Cruz

twenty boys Use numeral 20 boys

2 girls were… Spell out Two girls were…

Special form of type

Manila, philippines Capitalize MANILA, Philippines

Letter and word changes

meet on Saturday Bridge over meet Saturday

those b oys Close up space those boys

Fe Cruz Principal Transpose Principal Fe Cruz

recieve Transpose receive

pamplet Insert letter pamphlet

went market Insert word went to market

Manila pAper Lower case Manila paper

received free gifts Delete word received gifts

judgement Delete letter within judgment

develope iskill Delete before/after develop skill

the most talented and Kill the principal

enthusiastic principal

Allright wehave time Insert space All right we have time

We were indeed very Run in copy We were indeed very

happy because happy because…

Others

Paco, Manila… Indent for paragraph Paco, Manila…

Today he will… Today he will…

Welfrido Cruz Spell as written Welfrido Kruz

One boy came Restore text; disregard On boy came

correction

Elected prexy Center subhead Elected prexy

the un - Syllabicate the un-

finished task finished task

The gong Set in boldface the gong

She read Les Miserables Set in italics She read Les Miserables

30 or # Story is finished

more or ) Story is unfinished

Seminar Text continued on the

(…2) Next page

# - folio copy See copy as written

Note: To arrange paragraphs just place the number (e.g. #1, #3) of the corresponding paragraphs in the left portion of the copy.

SAMPLE COPY TEST

Slug line: ________________________

Headline: _____________________________ No. of units: ____________

The PNU elementary school launch the anual cleanliness & beatification contest September 16 at the

school social hole.

In a mating with Presidents and vice-presidents of each class from Grade III to Gr. Six, Mrs. Alegria Flora

Principal explain the prosedures to folow.

According to the principal, its class class will be given an areas to cleaned. Ones a week, school officials

will vissit the area and chose the cleanest amongst them.

Prices will be awarded to the class who‟s area will be pick the cleanest for 3 times. Th

This will give insentives to the students explained Mrs. Flores.

The handsome and intelligent Mr. Garcia Ramon, vocation al teacher who facilitated the meeting told the

studes that thru the contest cooperation will be developed

while order and cleanliness be maintained.

Congrattulations Mrs. Garcia

Headlining

It is easy to write the news headline. Just look at the first paragraph called the lead which contains the gist, Just write the gist of that lead.

Do’s and don’t’s in writing traditional headlines

1. Make your headline answer as many W‟s as possible. 2. The headline should summarize the news story, but must avoid using all the words used in the lead. It should

contain nothing that is not found in the story. 3. Positive heads are preferable to negative ones. School physician allays flu fear is better than Flu epidemic not

rampant in city. 4. Out a verb expressed or implied in every deck. 5. Omit articles like a, an, and the, and all forms of the verb to be (is, are, be, etc.), unless needed to make the

meaning clear. 6. Use the strongest word in the first line as much as possible. 7. The active verb is better than the passive verb in headlines (Food production drive intensified; RP‟s lost image

abroad regained) 8. Use the present tense for past stories and the infinitive form for future stories (Archbishop Sin bats for national

reconciliation; Lantern parade to cap Xmas affairs). 9. Write numbers in figures or spell them out depending upon your needs for your unit counts. 10. Avoid heads that carry double meaning. 11. Use only common abbreviations.

Punctuating a headline

1. Use a comma in place of the conjuction and 2. Two related thoughts should be separated with a semicolon. 3. The dash may be used in smaller decks but not for headlines in large types. 4. The single quotation marks are used in headlines. 5. Follow the other rules of punctuations.

Unit counting in headline ½ unit - jiltf and all punctuations except the em dash (--), and the question mark (?) 1 unit - the question mark, space, all figures, capital JILTF, all lower case letters except jiltf 1 ½ units - the em dash, lower case m and w, and all capital letters except capital M and W and JILTF 2 units - capital M, W

Headline vocabulary (Formula: subject-verb-object ala text message)

1. Faculty club strengthened (beefed up) 2. Enrolment decreases (dips) 3. Science examinations announced (quiz bared) 4. Contests highlight Animal Week (cap) 5. Santos urges cooperation (bats for, calls for) 6. DepEd disapproves tuition fee increase (bucks, nixes, axes) 7. Ateneo wins 12 medals in press contest (bags, romp away with; tilt, parley) 8. Principal praises editors humility (lauds, extols) 9. Local staff dominates press tilt (rules, lords over) 10. Local basketball players retain championship (sluggers; crown) 11. US attacks Russ nuclear test (hits) 12. Laurel ends diplomatic tour (winds up) 13. Cops ended syndicate (busted) 14. Slay suspect questioned (grilled, probed) 15. RP sees import hike (eyes) 16. 456 pass bar exams (hurdle) 17. Lim dismisses 5 cops (fires) 18. RP-Malaysia dispute solved (row) 19. Fiscal dismiss rape charge (dismiss; rap) 20. Import talk delayed (snagged)

Mga halimbawa

Huwag gumamit ng pangalan maliban kung kilala ito Mali—Jaime Diaz, nahalal na pangulo Tama—Mag-aaral ng Mapa, nahalal na pangulo ng samahan Maging tiyak (specific) Mali—Mag-aaral, nagwagi sa paligsahan Tama—Mag-aaral ng Mapa, nagwagi sa pagsulat ng balita

Iwasan ang opinyon sa balita Mali—Paaralang Datu Puti, lumaro ng kahanga-hanga Tama—Paaralang Datu Puti, nanalo ng 3 sa 4 na laban Lagyan ng pandiwa ang bawat ulo Mali—Limang guro sa seminar Tama—Limang guro, dadalo sa seminar Iwasan ang paggamit ng negatibong pandiwa Mali—Paligsahan sa talumpatian, hindi matutuloy Tama—Paligsahan sat al;umpatian, pinagpaliban Gumamit ng makakatawag-pansing pandiwa Mahina—Tinato ng Ateneo ang St. Joseph, 50-36 Malakas—Pinataob ng Ateneo ang St. Joseph, 50-36

Gamitin ang maikli at kilalang salita Masalita—Bayang Pilipinas, sasali sa pandaigdig na palaro Maikli—RP, sasali sa olimpiyada Iwasan ang paggamit ng pantukoy at ng pandiwang pantulong nahango saverb to be Mali—Si Japhet Burgos ay ang napiling punong patnugot ng Ripples Tama—Japhet Burgos, napiling punong patnugot ng Ripples

EDITORIAL CARTOONING

It is an editorial page illustration expressing opinion and interpretation (a column or opinion in cartoon form). The word cartoon is derived from two words: caricature and lampoon. A caricature is an exaggerated description, generally by sketching. It is a pictorial representation of a person or thing

in which a defect or peculiarity is exaggerated so as to produce a ludicrous effect. A lampoon, on the other hand, is a piece of malicious writing, a personal-written satire that attacks and ridicules. A good cartoon appeals to the reader‟s sense of humor in order to persuade him/her to accept an opinion.

How to conceptualize?

1. Read/listen—research your facts well. 2. Decide on your point of view or angle of your chosen issue. 3. Make your comment on the issue. 4. Translate your comment into coordinating, representative graphic symbols (e.g. crocodile for corrupt officials and

typewriter for press) 5. Take into consideration the paper‟s target readers. 6. Sketch/make doodles. 7. Draw your final cartoon.

Ways to present your view

1. Take the issue to a ridiculous situation. 2. Exaggerate the effect of an issue. 3. Use cliché or something contemporary or “in.” 4. Juxtapose or put together two events, even unrelated ones. 5. Take quotes literally. Play with words. 6. Consider the occasion. 7. Make an interesting artwork. 8. Caricature a political figure and add a punch line.

Tips for cartooning

1. Limit the use of words and labels. 2. Use universal symbols, those which can be understood at once by your intended reader. 3. Have your own style. Do not copy or plagiarize. 4. If your cartoon is about the editorial for the day, it must reinforce the stand stated in the piece. 5. Choose a most interesting issue and express your comment in an arresting way. 6. Do not clutter your cartoon with unnecessary details or complicate your drawing with artistic touches. These will

just distract from the impact of the cartoon. Minimal is better. 7. Cover your cartoon with a frame or border. 8. Use shading to make your article more convincing.

Steps in Editorial Cartooning Dr. Net Billones, one of the country‟s top cartoonists, suggests the following steps:

1. List down the subjects to choose from. 2. Once the subject is chosen, ask what is the issue? What is the paper’sopinion about the issue? Example: Issue—Press freedom Opinion—The government is going back to the martial law days as far as press freedom is concerned. 3. Decide the symbols to be used Example: Government—GMA Press freedom—bird (dove) flying, typewriter, school paper Repression—chain, scissors, slingshot, bar

4. Draw the cartoon.

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