1. INTRODUCTION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS USED IN AMALGAM FILLING

2. Dental Mirror:- Used for indirect vision. To hold retract your tongue, lips or cheeks. Tendor to perkashan (TTP). From the back portion of the mirror we check tht tooth is realy fractured or not. We wil strike the back portion of the mirror to the patients tooth if patient wil blink his/her eye it means tht it is painful and it is fractured. 3. Tweezer:- To hold cotton roll. To hold different material. To transfer any material in and out of cavity. Probe:- (Explorer) It is sickle shaped. Used to detect the tooth decay. To check bifurcation & furcation. Furcation mean branches. To check the carious region. If we apply probe on tooth and if it move smoothly on surface so it means there is no carious region, there is only stain so we wil not cavity prep and filling. 4. Mortar & Pistile:- Mortar is thick like a bowl and pistele is thin like a pencil. Used to mix the alloy powder and mercury to make a homogenous mixture. Amalgam Gun:- (carier) Gun shaped. Used to carry amalgam and dispense the amalgam in cavity. OR 5. Cement Spatula:- Used for mixing. Tofflemire matrix band retainer:- Used to hold the matrix band. To maintain stability of matrix band during condensation of restorations Parts Of Tofflemire Matrix Band Retainer:- Adjusting Nut Locking Nut used for tight. Retaining screw Two slots Head (u-shaped) Vise (box shaped) Locking Nut Adjusting Nut Slots Head Vise Retaining Screw 6. Matrix Band:- It has a concave surface (upward) & one convex (downward). The conxity of matrix band should put up on the occlusal surface. Used to support the wall of class II. To replace missing proximal walls of cavity preparation for condensation of restorative material Wooden Wedge:- Pointed sharp part should be apply b/w the teeth. Used to tight the matrix band. Used to comress the gingiva. used to separate the very tight band. To hold matrix band in place along gingival margin of class II. Wooden wedge absorb saliva then they expand and fill the space b/w tooth, and it has low strength as compared to plastic wedge. Matrix bands 7. Condenser:- Used to condense the amalgam. Used for packing the amalgam into cavity. Burnisher:- One end of burnisher is egg type shaped & other end is T-shaped. Used for burnishing. 8. Excavator:- Spoon shaped. To remove temporary fillings. To remove soft caries or dentine. Scoope out/excavate soft dentine. Dycal Applicator:- Small ball shaped at the tip of it. Used for application of lining. Carver:- 1-Frahams Carver: kite shaped. 9. 2-Wards Carver:- Pointed, sharp edges. Both carver is used to remove the excessive material. To produce the normal tooth anatomy. Plastic Instrument:- Hockey shaped. Used for application of composites. To carry composite material for cavity preparation, and shape composite, 10. Micro Brush:- Small plastic instrument with small fiber bristled head. Use to apply primer, dentine bond, enamel bond, sealants. Mylar strips:- Straight strips same as matrix band. Thin clear strip used to isolate cavity prep. Able to use cure light b/c it is plastic strip. 11. Curing Light:- Material must be cured in increments of 2 mm or less, need to be above 300 wavelength. To harden light-cure materials, bonding, composites, sealants, cements, build up. Bonding Agents:- Differs in generation, all in one unit, 3 step, 2 step, brands require different techniques Acts as an adhesive between the tooth and the composite material. 12. Etch:- White syringe in which blue gel type material is filled. To remove smear layer and prepare tooth for bonding. Dycal (Calcium Hydroxide Composition):- A base and catalyst paste, mixes together to form a tan paste, self sets. 1:1 ratio mix . Used for indirect pulp cap, protective liner for deep cavities . 13. Packable Composite:- Different grits: coarse to extra- fine; various sizes; snap-on (with metal center) or screw-on To contour (coarse grit) or polish and smooth (extra-fine grit) restorative material. Polishing Disc :- Either in a syringe or composite tip. Composite tip requires composite gun. Low viscosity. High filler. Used as permanent restorative material. 14. GIC Powder and Liquid 15. Alloy Powder Mercury Dispenser Amalgam Alloy powder + Mercury 16. Varnish Function:- It prevent microleakage. when marginal seals break it can cause secondary caries so varnish is applied. GIC is soluble so varnish prevent water contemination. 17. Alginate Spatulla Used for mixing alginate. 18. Wax Knife Used for cutting excessive wax. Wax Carver Used for carving wax. 19. Plaster Spatula Used for mixing gypsum and plaster products. 20. Cavity Conditioner Work similar as etch, use to prepare the tooth for glass ionomer restoration. 21. Flowable Composite Low viscosity, use in small areas and before the placement of packable composite. 22. Plaster Knife Use for cutting extra plaster. 23. Manipulative Variables Of Amalgam Filling:- Examination Cavity prep Application of matrix band Lining Trituration/mixing Dispensing of amalgam Condensation Pre-carve burnishing Carving Post-carve burnishing Finishing Polishing 24. Some Terms Are Defined Here 1. Mesio-Occlus0-Disatl (MOD) caries on mesial & distal surface of class-II and on occlusal surface of class I. 2. Compound Caries on 2 surfaces. 3. Complex Caries on 3 surfaces. 25. MANIPULATION Of Amalgam 1- Examination:- Before making cavity in patients mouth, we will examine the patient by examination instruments that is there any carious region or only stained area. Examination instruments are: dental mirror, probe/explorer, tweezer. We will use probe to check the caries. If probe moves smoothly on the surface of tooth so it means there is no caries only stained area is there but if probe moves roughly on the surface of tooth it means there is caries and then we will cavity prep. 2- Application Of Matrix band:- Fix the matrix band into tofflimire matrix band retainer . 3- cavity Prep:- Cavity is prepared on the patients tooth where carious region is present. Cavity can be of many types i.e. class-I cavity, class-II cavity, class-III, class-IV, class-V. the depth of the cavity is normally 1.5 but mostly it depends on caries. Hand piece is an instrument which is used for cavity prep. 26. 4- Lining:- Lining is done before amalgam filling to protect the pulp b/c amlgam can cause microleakage. It can harm the pulp. Most commonly GIC powder & liquid is used for lining but some time calcium hydroxide is also used. GIC powder & liquid is taken on a glass slab with cement spatula to make a mixture of it for lining. It is applied in cavity for lining by using dycal applicator. Note:-always mix powder in liquid. 5- Mixing / Trituration:- After lining alloy powder & mercury is mixed. Take alloy powder & mercury in mortar and mix it with pestle to make a homogenous mixture. Carry amlgam with amalgam gun and dispense it in cavity for filling. 6- Dispensing Of Amalgam:- 7- Condensation:- After applying or dispensing amlgam into cavity, we have to pack amalgam properly into cavity with the help of condensor. 27. 8- Pre-carve Burnishing:- Pre-carve burnishing is done to bring excessive mercury on surface. 9- Carving:- To remove excessive material with carver and also carving is done to reproduce normal tooth anatomy. 10- Post-carve Burnishing:- It is done to smoothen the surface and finish the surface and to give shine the surface with the help of burnisher. 11- Finishing:- By smoothing the surface and removing excess material. 12- Polishing:- Polishing done by polishing discs. 28. Instruments Used For Cavity Prep:- 1) High speed hand piece 2) Probe 3) Bur 1) 2) 3) 29. Examination Instruments:- 1) Probe(explorer) 2) Tweezer 3) Mouth mirror 1) 2) 3) 30. Instruments used In Amalgam Filling:- 1) Tofflemire matrix band retainer 2) Matrix Band 3) Mortar & pistile 4) Amalgam gun 5) Cement spatula 6) excavator 7) Dycal applicator 8) Frahams carver 9) wards carver 10) Burnisher 11) Condenser 12) wooden wedge 13) plastic instrument 14) Alloy 15) Mercury 16) GICpowder & liquid for lining 17) Plastic instrument. 31. Instruments Used In Composite Filling:- 1) packable composite 2) Polishing disc 3) Micro brush 4) Mylar strips 5) Curing light 6) Bonding agent 7) Etch 8) Dycal (base & crystal) 32. Class I Cavity 33. Class II Cavity 34. Class III Cavity Class V Cavity 35. Class IV Cavity 36. Die Stone Dental stone (Yellow Colour) Dental plaster (white Colored) Peech Colour Flourescent Yellow