dental caries indices
TRANSCRIPT
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GOOD MORNING
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s x years o c ren na school at
Bangalore city
Shankar S, Naveen N
Kruthika M
Vinay S
Hidayathulla Shaikh
Indian Journal of Dental Research, 23(2), 2012
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DENTAL CARIES
Major public oral health problem
Need to reduce the prevalence
multifactorial disease
Diagnosis complicated for initial lesion
If identified at earlier stages prevalence can be substantially
reduced
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LORD KELVIN
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Definition
A numerical value describing the relative status of a
population on a graduated scale with definite upper and
lower limits, which is designed to permit and facilitate
comparison with other populations classified by the same
criteria and methods.
Russel A.L.
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Ideal properties of index:
1. Clarity, simplicity & objectivity
2. Validity
3. Reliability4. Quantifiability
5. sensitivity
6. Acceptability
Reasonably easy
to applyMeasure what is intended to
measureMeasure consistently
Amenable to statistical analysis
Detect small shifts
Not painful & demeaning to
the subject
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Can be applied to whole teeth (DMFT) or to surfaces (DMFS)
DMFT:
Purpose: To determine total dental caries experience, past &
present
Based on 28 teeth
Third molars excluded
Unerupted teeth
Congenitally missing & supernumerary teeth
Teeth removed for reasons other than dental caries
Teeth restored for reasons other than dental caries
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Criteria 1) Lesion clinically visible.
2) Catch to the explorer tip.
3) Explorer tip can penetrate deep into the soft yielding tooth
material.4) Discoloration or loss of translucency typical of demineralized
or undermined enamel.
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RULES OF DMFT:
No tooth should be recorded more than once
Decayed, missing and filled teeth should be recorded separately.
Secondary caries should be counted as decayed.
Teeth missing only due to caries should be counted as missing
A tooth is considered to be present even though the crown has been
destroyed and only the roots are left.
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The DMF score for an individual can range from 0 to 28 --
whole numbers
A mean DMF score for a group, being the total of individual
values divided by the number of subjects examined, can
have fractional values
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DMFS:
Purpose: to determine total dental caries experience, past and
present, by recording tooth surfaces involved instead of teeth as
in DMFT
Principles, rules and regulations are the same as that of DMFT
Surfaces examined
Anterior teeth -four surfaces
Labial, lingual, mesial, distal
Posterior teeth-five surfaces
Facial, lingual, mesial, distal & occlusal
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W.H.O MODIFICATIONS(1986)
1) All third molars are included.
2) Temporary restorations are considered
as D
3) Only carious cavities are considered
as D
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def Index For primary dentition
Grubbel in 1944
d-decayed
e-indicated for extraction
f-filled
Teeth missing due to caries are not recorded because of the
difficulty, in many children, of distinguishing between
extracted and naturally exfoliated primary teeth
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deft & defs:
Purpose: to determine the dental caries experience as shown by
the primary teeth present in the oral cavity
Teeth not counted:
Missing teeth including unerupted & congenitallymissing
Supernumerary teeth
Teeth restored for reasons other than dental caries are
not counted as f
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Modifications.
dmf:
For children over 7 years and upto 11 or 12 the decayed, missing
& filled primary molars and canines have been used to
determine a dmft or dmfs.
A primary molar or canine is presumed missing because of
dental caries when it is missing before the normal exfoliation
time
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NYVADS CRITERIA
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PURPOSE
purpose of this study was to compare the def
index with Nyvads new diagnostic criteria.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE SIZE 249
AGE GROUP 3 to 6 years
Convenient sampling
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Children teeth were cleaned and dried with cotton rolls and
chip blower.
standardized conditions using plane mouth mirrors and
explorers with the help of artificial illumination.
Examination time:three to five minutes.
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The most affected surface according to deft index was
occlusal surface, but with Nyvads caries diagnostic
criteria, it was facial surface which was similar to a
study conducted by M.C.Gonzalez et al
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CONCLUSION
Nyvads new caries diagnostic criteria can be used to diagnose dental caries
at the initial stages, which in turn will reflect exact prevalence of caries
reduce the need of treatment on a long-term basis
cost-benefit relationship.
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results of the study cannot be extrapolated to the general population
NYVADS CRITERIA
more difficult to make an exact diagnosis of a precavitated
active lesion such as a white spot lesion over the occlusal surface than
over the facial surface.
These lesions can be underdiagnosed, progressing to frank cavitation. Onthe other hand, because of the physiologic wear of the occlusal
surface during mastication, these lesions can disappear
Shortcomings