dengue fever at a glance
TRANSCRIPT
All About Dengue Fever
BYDR.MUHAMMAD ASGHAR (Ph.D)
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE (PP)
PEST WARNING & QUALITY CONTROL OF PESTICIDES, LAHORE
Contents
1. What is dengue fever
2. Symptoms of dengue fever
3. World distribution of Dengue
4. Dengue outbreak in Asia and Pakistan
5. Characteristics of the Aedes mosquito
6. Life cycle of the Aedes mosquito
7. How the Aedes mosquito transmit diseases
8. How to prevent the spread of dengue fever
9. Treatment of dengue fever
10.Chemical Control of Vector of dengue fever
What is dengue fever?
Dengue Fever also known as break bone fever is an illness caused by infection with
a virus (Flavivirus) transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti rarely the
A.albopictus.
World Distribution of Dengue 1999
Areas infested with Aedes aegyptiAreas with Aedes aegypti and recent epidemic dengue
GLOBAL STATUS
New infections annually: 50 million
• Deaths: 24,000 annually
• People at risk: 2.5-3 billion
• Hospitalized cases: 500 000/year
(90% of those affected are children)
• Leads to death in 5% of cases.
•About half of the world lives in “HOT ZONE”
DENGUE OUT BREAK DENGUE OUT BREAK IN SOUTH EAST ASIA IN 2005IN SOUTH EAST ASIA IN 2005
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
Cases
2005 Dengue Outbreak
Cases Deaths
Cases 90,000 3,000 31,000 4,800
Deaths 15,000 0 58 50
India, (West Bengal)
Sri Lanka Thailand Pakistan
DENGUE OUT BREAK IN PAKISTAN DENGUE OUT BREAK IN PAKISTAN (2006)(2006)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Cases
Dengue Fever In 2006
Cases Deaths
Cases 3331 3230 1836 400
Deaths 49 50 30 4
India Pakistan Karachi Lahore
18 November 200818 November 2008
• Punjab -799 confirmed cases and two deaths Punjab -799 confirmed cases and two deaths
• 754 cases –Lahore754 cases –Lahore
• Ghulam Murtaza-from Sheikhupura Ghulam Murtaza-from Sheikhupura
• "first patient with dengue to have died in "first patient with dengue to have died in Lahore". Lahore".
Symptoms of Dengue Fever
Example of a skin rash due to dengue fever
Symptoms of Dengue Fever Conti…..
o fevero headacheso muscle and joint pains, o skin rash and o vomiting.o Low platelet count
(<100,000/mm3)o “leaky capillaries:”
Symptoms of Dengue Fever Conti…..
Characteristics of theAedes Mosquito
One distinct physical feature – black and white stripes on its thorax and legs.
Bites during the day.
Lays its eggs in clean, stagnant water.
Close-up of an Aedes mosquito
Only the female Aedes mosquito feeds on blood. This is because they need the protein found in blood to produce eggs. Male mosquitoes feed only on plant nectar.
On average, a female Aedes mosquito can lay about 300 eggs during her life span of 14 to 21 days.
Characteristics of theAedes Mosquito
1-2 days
Stagnant waterStagnant water
Pupae
4-5 days
Life cycle of the Aedes Mosquito
Larvae Eggs
2-3 days
How Do Aedes Mosquitoes Transmit Diseases...
Mosquito bites and sucks blood containing the virus from an infected person.
Virus is carried in its body.
And passes the virus to healthy people
when it bites them.
Potential Breeding Grounds
Potential Breeding Grounds
Prevention…
Prevent Aedes from Breeding!
Remove ALL sources of stagnant water.
Deny the Aedes mosquito of any
chance to breed.
Personal prevention involves the use of mosquito nets, repellents, cover exposed skin, use of DEET-impregnated bednets, and avoiding endemic areas.
Preventive measures
Change water in vases on alternate days.
Cover all the toilet bowls in the home.
Preventive measures
Remove water from flowerpot plates on alternate days.
Preventive measures
Turn over all pails and water storage containers.
Seal off the overflow pipes of flushing cistern.
Preventive measures
Cover bamboo pole holders when not in use.
Preventive measures
Clear blockages and put Bti insecticide in roof gutters monthly.
Preventive measures
Do not litter. Rubbish such as cups and bottles can collect
rain water and breed mosquitoes.
Preventive measures
Do not litter. Rubbish such as cups and bottles can collect
rain water and breed mosquitoes.
Preventive measures
Treatment
of
Dengue Fever
• No licensed vaccine at present• Effective, safe and affordable vaccine will not
be available in the immediate future
Dengue Vaccine?
• Fluids• Rest• Antipyretics (avoid aspirin and non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs)• Monitor blood pressure, hematocrit, platelet
count, level of consciousness.• In case of severe bleeding, give fresh whole blood
20 ml/kg as a bolus.• – Give platelet rich plasma transfusion
exceptionally when platelet counts are below 5,000–10,000/ mm3.
Dengue Treatment?
Chemical Control of Vector of Dengue
Fever
oThe main tactic used in fighting Dengue is eradicating the mosquito.
oAdd some granular insecticide to places that mosquitoes could potentially breed, such
as flower vases and places where stagnant water could not be removed (try to remove all stagnant water. Don’t let it lay its eggs).
oPublic spraying for mosquitoes is the most important aspect of this approach.
oThe use of IGRs and Bacillus thuringiensis-14 (Bti) as larvicides in addition to temephos (OP) and pyrethroid insecticides also suggested.
Thanks to all the honourable authors and websites from where I have taken some material