democracy vs dictatorship

24
DEMOCRACY vs DICTATORSHIP Definitions In Focus President Park chun hee (South Korea 1961 -1979) President Pervez Musharraf (Pakistan 1999- 2008 ) Similarities between both presidents Conclusion

Upload: fawad-iqbal

Post on 05-Aug-2015

48 views

Category:

News & Politics


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

DEMOCRACY vs DICTATORSHIP

Definitions

In Focus

President Park chun hee (South Korea 1961 -1979)

President Pervez Musharraf (Pakistan 1999- 2008 )Similarities between both presidents

Conclusion

DemocracyThe word ‘democracy’ has its origins in the Greek language. It combines two shorter words: ‘demos’ meaning whole citizen living within a particular city-state and ‘kratos’ meaning power or rule

U.S. president Abraham Lincoln defined democracy as:

Government of the people, by the people, for the peopleform of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.

Guarantee the basic Human Rights to every individual person

Separation of Powers between the institutions of the state

Dictatorship A dictator is a ruler who wields absolute authority. A state ruled by a dictator is called a Dictatorship

Totalitarianism is the type of Government or State that wants to hold all power and authority to control each and every aspect of social life e.g. economical, political, environmental, social etc. Its purpose is to grant all power and authority to a single position.

Authoritarianism while is a bureaucratic type of political system. In this system the authority is shared within the society but this authority is usually assigned by non democratic process and the person with authority is under no or less restriction in performance of his/her duty. He also might misuse his/her authority and oppress the citizens.

PARK CHUN HEE “Let us farm when its clear and study whens it rains”

Park Chung Hee South Korean General and politician, president of the Republic of (South Korea) from 1963 to his death. His 18-year rule brought about enormous economic expansion, though at the cost of civil liberties and political freedom.Given the North’s extraordinary effort to achieve military superiority, it would have been natural for General Park to continue channeling the nation’s resources primarily into military power. But Park, surprising for a general, chose to slash the proportion of GDP going to the military and to focus on economic development .

Park's most Enduring Achievements

Park's main achievements were the building of South Korea's impressive infrastructure and its export-oriented economyGDP growth averaged 9-10% a yearManufacturing sector took greater share of the economy (close to 30% - comparable to West Germany)The Gyungbu expressway, which connects Seoul, Busan and many other major cities of South Korea The highway became the backbone of South Korea’s development.

Park strategy for the economic development of South Korea was the Heavy and Chemical Industries (HCI) Plan. This was a shift in orientation. The HCI Plan formulated in the early 1970's, in addition to calling for the development of heavy industries and chemical industries, involved a more centralized, import-substitution orientation of the economy

Park Jung-hee was a mere dictator, an enemy of democracy, dreaming for permanent power until his death via Yushin

Used KCIA to maintain his authority, harshly torture his political enemies, to control the media He is also accused of persecuting laborers and protecting the chairmen of various companies during the

economic development process He is suspected as a pro-Japanese man because of the fact that he served as a lieutenant of the Japanese

army in the colonial times. He also covered Japan’s crimes towards Korean people through the Korea-Japan Pact in 1965, only received 0.3 billon dollars and borrowed 0.2 billion dollars from Japan

He is also not free from the accusation that he “sold” two thirds of the Korean military force to the US in the Vietnam War, and utilized it as one of the methods of economic growth.

He reversed his pledge to step down after he completed his second term and changed the constitution in 1969 to enable him to run for a third term

, Park imposed garrison decrees on university campuses nationwide to suppress the spreading students’ protests for democratization

President Pervez MusharrafMindsets can not be changed through force and coercion. No idea can ever be forcibly thrust”

Pervez Musharraf is a retired four-star general and a Pakistani politician who seized power through a military coup in 1999. He served as the tenth President of Pakistan from 2001 until 2008.

Prior to that, he was the 13th Chief of Army Staff from October 1998 until November 2007, and was also the tenth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee of Pakistan Armed Forces from 1998 until 2001. Commissioned from the Pakistan Army in 1964, Musharraf rose to national prominence after being appointed a four-star general in October 1998 by then-Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif

Superseded 3 other senior generals to become chief of army staff

9 world class engineering universities were developed and 18 public universities further developed.

Pakistan was ranked third in world banking profitability.

The IT industry was valued at around $2 billion, including $1 billion in exports and employed around 90,000 professionals.

The CNG sector attracted over $70 billion in investment in the past five years and created 45,000 jobs.

The telecommunications sector attracted around $10 billion in investments and created over 1.3 million jobs.

the 2001 Local Government Ordinance, carried genuine devolution and empowerment of local communities

Industrial parks were set up throughout the country for the first time.

Foreign reserves increased from $700 million to $17 billion.

A historic 100% increase in tax collection (amounting to Rs1 trillion) was observed

The literacy rate improved by 11 per cent.

Poverty decreased by 10 per cent. The industrial sector registered 26 per cent growth.

Suspended the constitution twice in 1999 and 2007.

LAL Mosque attack (The most Shameful act by any ruler in Pakistan's history)

He allowed US army to use Pakistan's Airports, made contracts with US on Drone attacks.

Veteran Baloch nationalist leader and former Chief Minister of Baluchistan province, Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti was killed

Attacked several times Pakistan Media (TV Channels)

First time in worlds history, Chief Justice of Pakistan was suspended and put under house arrest by force.

Long-term house arrest / social cut-off of famous Pakistani scientist A.Q Khan.

Under Musharraf’s watch, the Pakistani military and its intelligence agencies committed widespread human rights violations, including the enforced disappearances of thousands of political opponents, and tortured hundreds of Pakistani terrorism suspects. Political opponents including high-profile opposition politicians were exiled, jailed, tortured, and in some instances murdered.

Forced the country into war against terrorism as frontline state which has cost a fortune to Pakistan in last 10 years .

Similarities

Both military personals and came into power via military coupPARK CHUN HEE

seized power through a military coup d'état that overthrew the Korean Second Republic in 1961 and ruled as a military strongman at the head of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction.

PERVEZ MUSHARRAF

overthrew elected Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and his existing elected government, on 12 October 1999. Two days later, on 14 October 1999, Musharraf declared a state of emergency and issued a Provisional Constitutional Order.

Referendums REFERENDUM WAS HELD ON 21 NOVEMBER

1972 PRESIDENT PARK HAD ALREADY SUSPENDED THE CONSTITUTION AND DISSOLVED THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY IN OCTOBER. WORK BEGAN ALMOST IMMEDIATELY ON A NEW CONSTITUTION. THE FINISHED PRODUCT WAS A SEVERELY AUTHORITARIAN DOCUMENT THAT DRAMATICALLY EXPANDED THE PRESIDENT'S

Choice Votes %

For 13,186,559 92.3

Against 1,106,143 7.7

Invalid/blank votes 118,012 -

Total 14,410,714 100

Source: Nohlen et al.

IN 2001 TO SEE WHETHER THE GENERAL POPULATION WAS SUPPORTIVE OF MUSHARRAF. HE CLAIMED THAT HOLDING A REFERENDUM WAS ABIDING BY DEMOCRATIC LAWS, DESPITE THE CONSTITUTION OF PAKISTAN NOT CONTAINING A REFERENCE TO ELECTING PRESIDENTS BY REFERENDUMS

Choice Votes %

For 42,804,000 97.97

Against 883,676 2.03

Invalid/blank votes 282,676 –

Total 43,970,352 100

Registered voters/turnout 78,300,000 56.10

Source: Direct Democracy

Engaging the country Army in proxy war and Human Rights Issues

Park sent about 320,000 South Korean troops to fight in the Vietnam War with South Vietnam reason for doing so was the fact that United States was providing reimbursement to South Korea personnel. The money was diverted by Park towards economic development of South Korea

There were widespread Human rights abuses including torture, arbitrary detention, and summary executions. Park believed that modernization and self-reliance were the first priorities and that Democracy and Human Rights came late

Pervez Musharraf Engaged the army in war against terrorism on the behalf of America and send army troops to Wazisrtan near Afghanistan border for sake of Foreign Aid as frontline state in the war

Under Musharraf’s watch, the Pakistani military and its intelligence agencies committed widespread human rights violations, including the enforced disappearances of thousands of political opponents, and tortured hundreds of Pakistani terrorism suspects. Political opponents including high-profile opposition politicians were exiled, jailed, tortured, and in some instances murdered

Suspension of Constitution and unconstitutional Amendments

PARK CHUNG HEE

Suspended the constitution twice first during the military coup in 1961 and then in 1972.

Power was monopolized by Park Chung Hee and his Democratic Republican Party under the highly centralized authoritarian "Yushin System“

Park escalated his dictatorial rule by repeatedly breaking his promises to restore democracy

PERVEZ MUSHARRAFSuspended the constitution during military coup in 1999 and in 2007 by declaring emergency.

Changed the constitution via” Legal Framework Order,

L. F. O. 2000 was sanctified by postulating that no body can challenge it in any court of law “on any ground “

Musharraf broke the promise to restore democracy via stepping down as army chief and to keep only civilian president office .

Failed Assassination Attempts:

PARK CHUN HEEThe Blue House Raid (also known in South Korea as the "January 21 Incident") was an unsuccessful attempt by North Korean commandos to assassinate the President of South Korea, Park Chung-hee, at his residence at the Blue House, on January 21, 1968.

During the course of this assassination attempt, South Korean casualties totaled 26 killed and 66 wounded—mainly military and police, but also about two dozen civilians.

Finally was assassinated by KCIA Director and parks security chief Kim Jae-kyu

PERVEZ MUSHARRAF President Pervez Musharraf escaped assassination attempts in 2003 Twice in 11 days, when two suicide bombers plowed their vehicles into his Musharraf's motorcade and detonated car bombs.

He was unhurt, but Pakistani officials said the bombs had killed at least 14 people, including both bombers. At least 46 other people were wounded.

Musharraf stepped down as Army chief in 2007 and kept the Seat of only Civilian president He appointed General Kiyani as new army chief but eventually was forced to resign as a president in 2008 by Gen Kiyani.

Economic Development

Well it shows that countries like South Koreas economic boom started in authoritarian regime and Pakistan's financial and development stats were on high under the Musharraf's dictatorship. Are development and Prosperity the only necessitates that a nation needs ?

The example coming up will demonstrate the answer

Libya during Gaddafi Regime

There was no electricity bills in Libya; electricity is free for all its citizens. There was no interest on loans, banks in Libya are state-owned and loans given to all its citizens at 0% interest by law

A home was considered a human right in Libya. (In Qaddafi’s Green Book it states: “The house is a basic need of both the individual and the family, therefore it should not be owned by others

A mother who gives birth to a child would receive US $5,000When a Libyan buys his first car, the government would subsidizes 50% of the price. The price of petrol in Libya was $0.14 per liter.

For $ 0.15, a Libyan local could purchase 40 loaves of bread. Education and medical treatments was all free in Libya. Libya can boast one of the finest health care systems in the Arab and African World. All people have access to doctors, hospitals, clinics and medicines, completely free of charge.

Citizens shared the highest living standards in AfricaHe gave women full access to education and employment, and he has enabled women to serve in the armed forces.

Dark Side

Qaddafi ruled Libya for 42 years Dark side of the Kaddafi regime was that people were deprived of their basic rights; Libyans were not allowed to enter politics, Make unions and or speak against Qaddafi. There was no parliament, no civil society and no non-governmental organizations in the country, No freedom of speech.

Result

Gaddafi's last words as he begged for mercy: 'What I Did Wrong To You:?

If you don’t come Democracy - Democracy will come to you

Democracy is Power of People But

With Great power Comes Great Responsibility

Conclusion

THE ENDThanks For Your Patience