Democracy Comes to Southern EuropeHistory 337 / March 19, 2012

Antonio SalazarPrime Minister of Portugal, 1932-68

Founder of the “Estado Novo”(1932-74)

Portugal’s African colonies:

Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau,

smaller territories

Contemplating Spain without Franco

(Time cover from 1966)

Josemaría Escrivá, founder of Opus Dei(here: in Pamplona Cathedral, 1960)

Basque terrorism:the ETA attacks the Franco regime

Cyprus – an ethnically divided Mediterranean island

Violence in Cyprus, 1964: Archbishop Makarios observes

On patrol with UNFICYP, April 1964

Greece’s junta after the coup of April 1967(right: Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos, Prime Minister)

Lisbon,April 1974:

Marxist officers overthrow the “Estado Novo”

Workers and soldiers unite on the streets of Portugal

Mario Soares, leader of Portugal’s Socialist Party(founded in Bad Münstereifel, West Germany, in 1973)

King Juan Carlos of Spain in 1975

Regions of Spain

Facing off against Greek students:the Athens Polytechnic uprising of

November 1973

The Turkish military seizes northern Cyprus,

July 1974

The Greek junta on trial (1975)