democracies, semi-democracies and authoritarian political systems - ii
TRANSCRIPT
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Democracies, Semi-democracies and authoritarian political
systems - II
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TYPES OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS:
Liberal Democracy vs. Illiberal-democracy vs. Authoritarian
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Consolidated vs. Transitional states<---------------------------------------------------------------->
Developed vs. Developing states
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Authoritarian systems
Characteristics?
• non-democracy?
• A system in which power is held (or arrogated) by a single individual or group without reference to elections or popular control
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Varieties of authoritarianism
• Tyranny?
• Simple dictatorship– Rule by a single individual or group– Military government
• Monarchy?
• Fascism?
• Communism?
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Totalitarianism
A form of authoritarianism characterized by:
• Frequent mobilization of the population
• Recourse to terror
• A total grip of the state on its citizens: – Atomization of the population– Reduction, if not elimination of any private
space
• Relatively rare -- a 20th c phenomenon
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Examples of totalitarian systems
• Nazi Germany
• The Soviet Union (USSR) under Stalin
• The People’s Republic of China (PRC) under Mao Zedong
• North Korea
• Cuba?
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Communist regimes
• A form of authoritarianism characterized by – a dominant Communist Party – constitutionally mandated to control and guide the
state apparatus, – implement socialism and prepare the way for an
eventual communist system in which • The state has withered away• Society is organized on the principle “from each
according to his (her) means; to each according to their needs
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`Actually existing’ Communism
A party-state system, characterized by • A single communist party monopolizing of
dominating political life• The Communist Party inter-penetrates and
dominates the state• The Communist Party organizes and
mobilizes the population• The Communist Party monopolizes access
to the political system
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Authoritarianism vs. Totalitarianism
• Authoritarian systems lack (or fail to maintain) the total grip characteristic of totalitarian systems – there is some private space beyond the grasp of the state
• Less recourse to force or arbitrary terror:– What is and is not acceptable is more
predictable– There may be a state of law
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Examples of authoritarian systems:
• The Soviet Union after Stalin
• The People’s Republic of China after Mao
• Portugal from 1926-1974 (Salazar gov’t 1932-1968)
• Spain from 1939-1975 (Franco dictatorship
• Iran
• Pakistan
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ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY
• What is it?
• Illiberal democracy v. semi-democracy? Is there a difference?
• Semi-democracy v. semi-authoritarian: – is the glass half empty or half full?– Does it matter?
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ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY - 2
• How does illiberal democracy differ from– Liberal democracy?– Authoritarianism?
• Examples of illiberal democracy?
• Is illiberal democracy becoming a more common form of government? If so, why?
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