delhi sultanate _ administration, culture, literature, art & architecture iasmania.pdf
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8/21/2019 Delhi Sultanate _ Administration, Culture, Literature, Art & Architecture Iasmania.pdf
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Delhi Sultanate :Administration, Culture,Literature, Art & Architecture
Delhi Sultanate
Administration
Sultans considered theselves as
representative of Caliphs (as
inscribed on their coins & Khutba
(Prayer)) & were of Islamic origin
Balban considered himself as shadow
of god & of divine originality
Ittutmish, Muhammad bin tughlaq &
Firoz tughlaq received Mansur or
letter of permission from Caliphs
Sultans were most important
administrators & had ultimate
authority of the military (Commander
in chief of military)
Greatest post was of Naib who
practically enjoyed all the powers
of sultan 7 exercised general
control over all departments
Next to Naib was Wazir, head of
finance department known as Diwan –
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i – wazirat
Military department “ Diwan – i –
Ariz” was headed by Ariz – i –
Mumalik , responsible for recruiting
soldiers & administring military
department
Diwan – i – Rasalat was department
of religious affairs headed by chief
Sadr
Head of judicial department of chief
Qazi & muslim sharia law was
followed in civil matters
Hindus were goverened by their own
personal laws & their cases were
dispensed by village panchayats
Department of correspondence Diwan –
i – Insha dealt with correspondence
b/w rulers & officials
Local Administration
Provinces were called Iqtas under
the charge of nobles, which later
came under the charge of Governors
called “ Muqtis or Walis” >> Mainly
to maintain law & collect revenue
Iqtas were divided in shiqs
(districts) under shiqdars, which
were further divided into Pargana
(no. of villages) headed by Amils
Village headman was known as
Mukaddam or chaudhary & Village
accountant Patwari
Economy
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Land was mainly divided into 3
categories :
Iqta land : land assigned to
officials as iqtas instead of
payments for their services
Khalisa Land : land under direct
control of sultan
Inam Land : Land assigned / granted
to religious leaders or religious
institutions
Peasants paid 1/3 or even 1 / 2 of
their produce as land revenue along
with other taxes & frequent famines
>> always lived hand to mouth living
Cotton & silk industries flourished
in this period along with paper
industry
1 silver Tanka = 48 jitals in Khalji
time = 50 jitals in tughlaq time
Social Life
Traditional caste system with
Brahamans at the top , prevalent
sati & parda system for women
No intermarriage b/w turks, iranian,
afgans & indian muslims
Hindus were considered zimmis or
protected people for whom they were
forced to pay a tax called Jiziya (
In begining, it was collected as a
part of land tax but Firoz tughlaq
seperated it from land revenue &
collected it as a separate tax)
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Art Architecture
Quwwat ul islam mosque near qutub
minar was built using materials
obtained from destroying hindu &
jain temples
Buildings were constructed by
combining arch & dome, Muhammad bin
tughlaq built the tomb of
Ghiyasuddin tughlaq on a high
platform
Music
Amir Khusro (1252 – 1325)
Introduced Ragas like ghora & Sanam
Evolved Qawwali mixing Indian &
Iranian musicInvented Sitar
New music instruments such as Sarangi & Rabab
were introduced in this period
Indian classical work rangdarpan was
translated to persian during Firoz Tughlaq
reign
Raja Man singh (Gwalior) was a great music
lover of this period & loved man Kautuhal
Pir Bhodan >> famous Sufi Saint of this
period
Literature
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«Ghaznavids,Mahmud
Of Gazni, Muhammad
January 20, 2015 iasmania Medieval India History No
Comment Amir Khusro, Delhi Sultante, Delhi Sultante
administration, Delhi Sultante architecture, Delhi Sultante
art, Delhi Sultante culture, Delhi Sultante economy, Delhi
Sultante literature
Barani’s “ Tariq – i – Firoz – Shahi
“ contains history of Tughlaq
dynasty
Minhaj Us Siraj wrote “Tabaqat – i –
Nasari” contains general history of
muslims dynasty upto 1260
Amir Khusro (famous persian writer)
:
1. created new style of persian poetry
called Sabaq – i – hind / Indian
styled persian poetry
2. Wrote Khazain – ul – Fatah about
Alaunddin conquests
3. Wrote Tughlaq nama about the rise of
Ghiyasuddin tughlaq
Zia Nakshabi >> 1st one to translate
sanskrit stories into persian ( 1st
one was Tuti nama or book of parrot)
Rajat Rangini written by Kalhana was
also translated to persian during
this period
Chand Bharati >> famous hindi poet
of this time
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Ghori, Delhi
Sultanate, Slave
Dynasty, Khalji
Dynasty, Tughlaq
Dynasty, Sayyids,
Lodis
Sufism and Bhakti Movement»
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