delcam - powershape 2010 training course en - 2009

8/9/2019 Delcam - PowerSHAPE 2010 Training Course en - 2009

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Important Notice

This document is supplied as part of a Delcam Training Course. It is not intended to be

distance learning material: rather as an aid for Tutors when presenting material to coursedelegates and as a subsequent aid memoir to those delegates.

Delcam does not accept responsibility for any personal belongings / valuables whilst on the

premises. Delegates are advised to keep their belongings on their person at all times.

Delcam plc. has no control over the use of the software described in this document and cannot

accept any responsibility for any loss or damage howsoever caused as a result of using the

software. Users are advised that all results from the software are checked by a competent

person in accordance with good quality control procedures.

The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may be

used only in accordance with the terms of such license.

Copyright 2009 Delcam plc. All rights reserved

Training Centre Customer Support

Tel: 0121 683 1050 Tel: 0121 683 1010

Fax 0121 7665511 Fax: 0121 7665542


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PowerSHAPE Contents

Issue PSHAPE 2010 1

PowerSHAPE Contents

Chapters Page NumberMonday

1. Introduction 1.1 - 1.12

2. Wireframe modelling 2.1 - 2.20

3. Workplanes 3.1 - 3.12

4. Surfaces and Solids 4.1 - 4.20

5. Primitive Surfaces 5.1 - 5.22

Tuesday

6. Automatic Surfacing Wizard 6.1 - 6.26

7. Limit Selection 7.1 - 7.6

8. Advanced Surfaces 8.1 - 8.40

Wednesday

9. Editing Power Surfaces 9.1 - 9.8

10. Trim Region Editing 10.1 - 10.14

11. Levels 11.1 - 11.4

12. Shading & Model Analysis 12.1 - 12.20

Thursday13. Model Fixing 13.1 - 13.16

14. Basic Solid Modelling 14.1 - 14.54

15. Delcam Drafting 15.1 - 15.6

16 Mold Die Wizard 16.1 - 16.8

Friday

17. Further Solid Modelling 17.1 - 17.14

18. Plotting 18.1 - 18.6

19. Exercises 19.1 - 19.4

20. Parasolid Fixing 20.1 - 20.30

21. Assembly Modelling 21.1 - 21.18


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PowerSHAPE 1. Introduction

Issue PSHAPE 2010 1.1

1. Introduction

PowerSHAPE Introduction.PowerSHAPEis a CAD Modellingpackage, which comprises of a Core moduleand several

specialised modules. These are Draft(generating detailed drawings), Toolmaker(mould

design), Electrode(Electrode solid model wizard), Assembly(Assemblies of solid models)

and Crispin (Shoe design). Note:- Some of the specialised modules are cost options.

To open PowerSHAPE, double clickon the desktop icon.

Once loaded, the screen looks as shown.

Pulldown Menus Main Toolbar

Viewing an

Shading

Toolbar

Command Options Graphics Area

PowerSHAPE automatically starts a New Model

for the user to work in. The Model name is displayed at the top left hand corner. Note that aNew Modelis not stored externally to disc.


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1. Introduction PowerSHAPE

1.2 Issue PSHAPE 2010

The model can be Saved permanently with a more appropriate name and stored to an external

directory. One or more previously stored modelscan be opened within the same

PowerSHAPE session.

At the top of the screen there are a series of pull down menus.

Select the Filemenu, using the Leftmouse button.

This menu contains a comprehensive list of

operations available.

Sub menus accessed by clicking on symbol.

Beneath the pull down menus are the Main Toolbaricons which when clicked either open

up a form alter the choice of command icons located to the left of the graphics area.

If the mouse is held over an icon for a few seconds, a box containing a description of the

command (tooltips) will appear.

To the bottom left of the graphics area is the Levels menu to which entities can be assigned

for long term, group selections.

At the bottom of the screen is the Workplane Selector, Principal Planeselector, the grid

definition, the cursor position, the tolerance and the XYZposition input area.

To the top right of the Maintoolbar are several icons providing access to Workplane, Line,

Arc, Curve, Annotation, Surface, Solid, Feature, Assembly, and Wizardoptions.


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When one of the above icons is selected a context sensitive menu appears in the toolbar to the

left of the graphics area. The shared toolbar will contain all of the main options for creating

the chosen entity.

Selectthe menu for line creation.

The top 2 icons are fixed and comprise Selectionand Model -

Editing/Fixing/Analysis/Mesh Fixing and editing

The remaining icons from 3 downwards change depending on the option selected

from the Main toolbar.

This part of the toolbar is currently shown with the line creation options.

ToolbarsAll of the toolbars, can also be switched on and off

from the Viewpull down menu and selecting

Toolbars and left clicking on the Toolbarnameto

switch the tick on or off.


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PowerSHAPE OptionsThe ToolsOptionspage allows the user to configurePowerSHAPEto be different from

the factory, default settings.

The options are stored within severalmain categories, accessible by clicking on

the adjacent plus symbol.

It is possible to make changes to the

factory default options and store them as

the new default settings to be active with

subsequentPowerSHAPEsessions.

In File Model(if not already set) tick the box Always save and openfrom outside the database.

Select Cancel.


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Help Contents and IndexPowerSHAPEhas an extensive Help index that can be accessed by either selecting Help

from the top menu or by simply pressing F1on the keyboard.

Press F1on the keyboard followed by Getting Started What isPowerSHAPE? in the display window.

Topics are listed down the left hand window and the specific help for a selected item is

displayed in the right hand window.

The Hide button can be pressed to hide the topics. The button then turns to say SHOW whichif pressed the topic list re-appears.

If help is no longer required the window can be closed by selecting the xlocated to the top

right of the browser area.

Closethe help window using the X button at the top right hand corner.


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Mouse buttonsEach of the three mouse buttons performs a different operation in PowerSHAPE. By using

the ALT, Ctrl or Shift key, these operations can be extended as the following details explain.

Left Mouse button 1: Picking and selecting

This button is used for selecting items off themainpull down

menus, inputting data, and selecting parts of the model.

Middle Mouse button or wheel: Dynamics

Zooming: - Hold down the CTRLkey and button/wheel and

move the mouse up and down to zoom in and out of the view.

Hold down the CTRL, ShiftKey and button/wheel to select a

framed area to zoom into.

Panning: - Hold down the SHIFTkey with the button/wheel

moving the mouse, to move the view across the component.

Rotating: Hold down themiddle button/wheeland move the

mouse. A tracker ball appears at the centre of rotation, as does

the view orientation axis in the bottom left corner of the screen.

If View Spinningis switched on (Tools - Options - Views) the

view will spin around until the user executes a further mouse

click.

If available, themiddle mouse wheelcan be used to scroll text.

Mouse button 3: Special Menus

When this button is held down amenu is opened dependant

on what entity the mouse is over. If for example, the cursor is

on a line, then the Line menuappears. If the cursor is in thegraphics area, the View menu appears.


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Exercise 1: Dynamic mouse controls.In this exercise the user will Importan existing stored model and change the views using the

dynamic mouse options.

From the main menu select File Importto open the following form:-

Import the model:-D:\ users\training\PowerSHAPE_Data\psmodels_n_dgk\golf-fin.dgk

When a modelis loaded into a newPowerSHAPE

session the default viewis down theZ-axis.

The view toolbar, on the right hand side of the

PowerSHAPE window, can be broken down into 3

main areas, standard views, dynamicsandshading.

Select the viewIso 1.

The model is now displayed using the first of 4

isometricviews. Surfaceor Solidentities of

the model can be displayed as shadedif

required.


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From the views toolbar select Shaded viewpull out menu.

From the available options pick Shaded View.

The surfaces have been shaded to show

the full extent of the surface area. The

wireframe from which it is constructed

can also shown if required. The model

can be rotated dynamically so that the

user can view the underside detail.

Hold downthe middle mouse buttonand movethe mouseto rotate theview to display the underside.

Hold down Shiftand Middle mousebuttonand move the mouse toposition the view centrally over the model.

The underside can now be seen clearly.

There are many different options forviewing the model that you can select.

There are also a variety of keyboard

shortcuts that you can use.

Select ViewsSingle [about selection].

The keyboard shortcut for the views are listed, i.e. Alt + 1 for Iso 1.

By switching Num Lock on the keyboard, the number pad can be

used with the Alt key to change the views.

There is also an enhanced shading option that displays the model in

a Perspective view with the lines running to a vanishing point as if

on the horizon.


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Select Back [+Y].

Another view is displayed. The

PowerSHAPEmodel needs to be

closed. In this case it does not need

to be saved, as the model has notbeen altered.

Selecting and Blanking PowerSHAPE EntitiesTo be able to perform edits or reposition individual entities it must first be possible to

separate and identify them asselected items.

If an entity isselectedwith the left mouse button it will be displayed with ayellow colour. If

abox is dragged across a group of entities they will all be selected (The default setting does

not require an entity to be completely boxed).

To select more than one item within a group, the Shift keyis held down while selectingindividual entities to add to the selection. To toggle a selected item on or off the Ctrl keyis

depressed while using the left mouse key to pick the entities.

There are options in the Selection toolbarto enable the user to globally select all items of aparticular type such as Wireframes, Surfaces, Solids, Surfaces & Solids or Meshes.

There is also a generalselection filter where the user can discriminate entities using a

more specific combination of search criteria, such as thetype of wireframe,colour, line style,

etc.


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If one or more entities are selected they can be temporarily removed from the graphics area

by selecting Blankfrom the local menu. If it is required to temporarily remove the selected

entities from the graphics area and retain the rest then Blank Exceptis applied. To return all

entities back to the graphics area then Unblankis applied from the screen menu (The

returned items will be selected (yellow). Most users prefer to useshortcut keysfor this

process:- Ctrl J=Blank Ctrl K=Blank Except Ctrl L= Unblank

In the Selection toolbar select the option Quick select allwireframes.

Select Deleteto permanently remove all selectedwireframe entities fromthe model.

Select the upper surfaceof the golf club head and its wireframewillchange to a yellow colour.

Select Ctrl Jto temporarily remove the upper surface from the graphicsarea (as shown above right).

Select Ctrl Lto return the blanked surface back as the selected item.

Select Ctrl Kto keep the upper surface in the graphics area and

temporarily remove all other entities (as shown above right). Select FileClose.

A message box appears asking if it is required to savethe changes. In this case no changes have been made

to the model.

Select No.The current model is now closed.


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Issue PSHAPE 2010

1.11

Select FileExit.

A message box appears asking if it is okay to exit PowerSHAPE.

Select Yes.PowerSHAPEhas now been closed.

Open PowerSHAPE.

Anew modelis automatically opened.

PowerSHAPE modelsPowerSHAPE models consist of any combination of different types of entity the main ones

being workplanes, wireframes, surfaces, solidsand meshes.

Wireframe in PowerSHAPEWireframeitems include lines, arcs, curves, points, text, dimensionsetc. These can be 2D

or 3D and are essential for use in Draftingas the framework for generating most types of

Surfacesor Solids.

Surfaces in PowerSHAPESurfaces are created from wireframe, as standard primitiveshapes, or byconversion from a

solidmodel. A surfaceis a best described as a skin stretched across one or more 4 sided,

elements of a wireframenetwork. A3D modelcreated as surfacesbehaves as a hollow

form.

Solids in PowerSHAPESolidsare created from wireframe, as standard primitiveshapes, or byconversionfrom one

or more selected surfaces. A 3D modelcreated as a Solidbehaves as an enclosed mass.

PowerMILL 2010creates Parasolidsby default, but if required these can be converted to

and from the older version 8 solids,

Note; unlike other solid modellers, PowerSHAPE will supportskin basedor Open Solid

forms if Version 8 solidsare used. These cannot be created directly, butcan be created by

conversion from existing planeroropensurfacemodels.


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PowerSHAPE 2.Wireframe Modelling


2. Wireframe modelling

IntroductionPowerSHAPEcan generate Points, Lines, Arcs, and Curvesboth in2Dand3D space.

These are collectively known as wireframesand have several functions, which include being

the basic framework for several types of Surfacesand Solids, and as the drawing entities in

PS-Draftor PS-Estimator. Wireframescan be Exportedin a variety of file formats, for use

in other software products such as PowerMILL.

Wireframe Line and Arc Options

Thewireframe Line and Arc options are accessed from the main toolbar.

Single Line

Continuous lines Full Circle

Rectangle Arc Through Three pts.

Polygon Swept Arc About Centre

3D box around selected items Trimmed Fillet

Shortest line between 2 objects Untrimmed Fillet

Trimmed Chamfer

Untrimmed Chamfer

From the top pulldownmenus selectFile New, or alternatively click on

theOpen New Model icon from the main toolbar.

Anew modelwill be opened in the currentPowerSHAPE session.


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2. Wireframe Modelling PowerSHAPE


Wireframe Lines and Arcs ExerciseThe following tutorial will show the basic operation of the Wireframemodeller by

recreating the2D profileshown below.

Line CreationA single linewill be generated from 0 to Y40to coincide with the R 15 arccentre.

From theLine menu select Single Lines.

Enter the start co-ordinate of0 and pressReturn.

Inputthe values 0 40in the Command input box (lowerright of graphics area)and press Return.

The next part will be generated using continuous lines.

From the Line menu, select Continuous Linesoption.

Snap to thestart of thefirst line (or enter0 in thecommand inputbox).

Input thevalue60 in theCommand input boxfollowed byReturn.

Input thevalue40 40 in theCommand input boxfollowed byReturn.


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The Intelligent Cursor

The Intelligent Cursordisplays preview information and locks ontokey pointsandmajor

directionalaxes during dynamic wireframecreation.

With the continuous linemode still active, a construction line to locate theR30centre will

be draggeddynamicallywhile being monitored by the Intelligent Cursor.

Note:- If the Intelligent Cursorfunctionality does not appear, right click within the graphics

area to open the local view menuand check that the option Intelligent Cursoris ticked.

By moving the mouse, dynamicallydrag the endof a new line away fromthe current position (as shown below) and observe the effect of the Intelligent cursor (do not click the left mouse key yet).

In the diagram the end of new line has

currently been dragged to a relative,

preview position at an angle of 25

degreeswith alengthof 60.

Note:- The Xdirection is 0 degrees

and the Y direction is 90 degrees

anticlockwise.

By moving the mouse further, dynamically drag the end of a new line to aposition tangentialto the previous lineand observe the effect of theIntelligent cursor (do not click the left mouse key yet).

In the diagram the end of new linehascurrently, lockedonto thetangency of the

previous line and has been dynamically

dragged away with a previewlength of 38.

By moving the mouse further, dynamically drag the end of a new lineposition to a position along the Y direction and observe the effect of theIntelligent cursor (do not click the left mouse key yet).

In the diagram the end of new linehas locked

onto the Ydirectionand has been

dynamically dragged away with a preview

length of 27.


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By moving the mouse further, dynamically drag the end of a new lineto adistance of 30along the normal (90degrees) direction and this time clicktheleft mouse key at accept the line.

The intelligent cursor has locked onto the normal

(90 degrees) direction from the end of last line.

The cursor has been dragged along this normal

until a length of 30is displayed.

The end positionis accepted by applying a left

mouse click.

Press Escapeto exit line creation.

Arc Creation

The remainder of the wireframeis to be created using various arc options.

From theArc Menu select Full Arc .

Input the value r 15in the Command input boxand press Return.

(This input will redefine thedefault radius).

Movethe cursorover the open end of the vertical line until the text Endisdisplayed then clickthe left mouse keyto snap the circle centre position.

Press Select.

If it is required to modify the Circle, quickly

double click it with the left mouse key and the

relevant Arceditor Formwill appear.

From theArc Menu selectArc through centre, radius and span.

Snap on theopen end of theconstruction line, for the centre point.

Movethe cursorto the other endof the lineand clickwith the leftmouse button.


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The position is now set for the start of the arc.

Release all mouse buttons and dragthe arcaround anti-clockwise.

The intelligent cursordisplays the current span angle.

When the left mouse button is clicked, the arc is created.

Clickthe left mouse buttonwhen the arc reaches about 250 degrees.

The blend radius (R 60) will now be

generated using Create an arc

through three points.

The 1st and 2nd points will be

snapped astangenciesto the existing

full circleand arcwith the 3rd point

being input as the specified blend

radius value (60).

From theArc Menu selecttheArc through three pointsoption.


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Use the intelligent cursorto locate, andClick onTangent points on thearc andcircle (Do not locate aKey, End or Mid point as these are fixedpositions).

Drag theradius point to the required shape and to a value as close aspossible to60 beforeleft clicking for initialacceptance.

If necessary,In theArc Confirm formModify theradius value to60 andtoggle through Next Solutionuntil the correct shape is achieved, beforepressingOK.

The new arc has been trimmed

back both to the adjacent arc and

circle.

The Arc through three points

option will also be used to create

the R 10fillet between the line

running along Y and the

remaining full circle.

Select theArc through Three points option.

Use theArc through three points option tocreate theradius of10betweenthefull circle and thevertical line.


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The Curves toolbar

After creating geometry consisting of Linesand Arcsit is often necessary (or just good

practice) to combine these into single entities as wireframe Curves. Also, it is not uncommon

to require wireframe that is defined directly as complex Curves. The most commonly used

Curve definitionsare Bezier(free form curves) and Composite(Defined along existing

wireframe and/or model edges).

Bezier Curve and Derivatives.

Composite Curve.

Ellipse, Spiral, Helix.

Fillets and Blends.

Draft Curve.

Oblique Curve.

Model Intersection.

Curve Projection.

Curve Wrapping

Curve Unwrapping


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Composite Curves

In many applications it is necessary for the required wireframeto be a single entity. This is

achieved by creating the wireframe as a composite curve.

Note:- A composite curvecan only by driven along existing model entities.

The basic wireframe shape now is

complete but is currently made up of

several separate linesand arcs.

The extent of a composite curvecan be limited between selected key points along the

potential route (Define start pointand Defineend point).

FromtheCurve Menu, selectComposite curve.

The composite curvetoolbar

appears.

Select the Start Point option in the toolbar and left clickthe lower leftcorner on the wireframemodel.


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Left clickon thebottom line.

The Composite Curveis

generated along the route

until it hits a branch point

where optional directionswill be arrowed and change

colour for the user to

manually select the required

route.

Note: Theasterisk at the

start pointindicates that

the composite curveis

currently open.

Left clickalong theR60 arc.

The Composite curve

has now continued

around the wireframe

back to the definedStart Point.

Note: a circleat the

Start Pointindicates

that the composite

curve is aclosed

form.

On thetoolbarselectSave to accept thecomposite curve.

Select Eject to remove the toolbar.


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Selecttheconstruction line with theleft mouse button.

From theright mouse button - menu,selectDelete.

The wireframe is now complete and will be Savedas a permanent model.

Select FileSave As.

In the form Save the Model As:-D:\users\training\COURSEWORK\PowerSHAPE-Models\cam-example

Select FileClose.

Wireframe Arcs Example

The next example demonstrates the use of Arcs to create the lever design shown below.


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Select theArc Menu.

Select theFull Arc option from the menu.

When this command is selected, the centre position of the circle is required first. This can beinput as a value or by snapping using the Intelligent Cursor.

In the Command Input boxenter 0for the circle centreand press return.

A preview of a circle has been generated with a radiusinput

from the default value. The radius can be altered by dragging

one of the displayed arrow to the required unit value.

To accept the circle, press the escape key.

With the circle selected, click and hold the handles (arrows) anddynamically move the mouse to draga new radiusof 35.

The circle now has the required radius. This method can be used to

create the second circle at the same centre position, using the

Intelligent Cursor. Alternatively the user canright clickon the arc

and selectModify from the local menu.

Select theCircle command.

Positionthe cursoroverthe centreof the first circleso the word Centreappears.

Click theLeft mouse button toaccept the centre of the new circle.

This new circleis exactly the same initial radius as the first

circle. To change the default, creation radius a new value is

entered into the Command Input windowi.e. R 25.

Drag the secondcircle to aradius of20mm.

Centre


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The two basic circles are completed. Further circles are

required for this model.

Hint: Use the command input box to enter the circle centre if it

cannot be snapped.

Createa circleat centre 100 20 with a radiusof 50mm.

Createa circleat centre 100 20 with a radiusto 35mm.

Createa circleat centre 200 -40with a radiusof 20mm.

Createa circleat centre 200 -40 with a radiusof 10mm.

PressEscape.

The default option when creating tangent arcs is to trim back the associated geometry. In this

case it is not required to do this, so the flag (Trim Tangent Items) is switched off. This is

found in the Options form under Toolsat the top of the screen.

Select ToolsOptions, selectObject thenArcs.


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The tangent arc is drawn.

The command automatically repeats

until exited by pressing escape or the

selector.

Move thecursor over themiddle outer circle until the wordTangentappears andpress theLeft mouse button.

Move thecursor over theright outer circle so the wordTangentappears andpress the left mouse button.

Drag aradius of225 andpress OK.

The second radius has been

generated. The further two can be

generated in the same manner.

Createa three point arcbetween the left outer circleand the middleoutercirclewith a radiusof 225mm.

Createa three point arcbetween the right outer circleand the middleoutercirclewith a radiusof 75mm.

The model is complete. The

option needs to be switched off

and the wireframe copied to a

new level.

Select File

Save As. In the form Save the Model As:-

D:\users\training\COURSEWORK\PowerSHAPE_Models\lever-example

Select FileClose.


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General Edits

At the top of the left hand toolbar are 2 fixed icons, the second of which includes

access to the General Editstoolbar (default).

A few applications relating to wireframe data will be illustrated in this section.

Note: The General Editsoptions are also frequently used on other entities

including Surfacesand Solids. Further General Editoptions will be

illustrated, as appropriate later on during the course.

Close the existingSaved model.

Open aNew model.

Select File - Importand load in the wireframe model:D:\users\training\PowerSHAPE_Data\psmodels_n_dgk\GeneralEdit_Wireframe.dgk

The imported wireframe (shown above left) will be modified using the general editsoptions

initially to produce the 4 finished wireframes(shown above right).


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Select the Point limitoption and move the cursor to the end of theline to be extended and hold down the left mouse key (The cursor will takethe form of a magnet).

Drag the end of the line tangentially (along the preview line) until the word

Intersection is displayed at which point release the left mouse key,

Select theInteractively limit wireframes option and left click themid-spanof any sections of the wireframe network that are to be trimmed

away (as illustrated below).

Create a Composite Curvefrom the network of lines and arc wireframes(Hint: For a shortcut method hold down the Alt keyand left clickanywhere along the wireframe network).


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With the Composite Curveselected, open the general edit- Moveform.

While the form is open, enter the coordinate values 25 25in the CommandInputbox located at the bottom right of the graphics area.

The Composite Curveis shifted by 25mmalong both Xand Y.

Select Y as the operational axis by selecting the Icon located below thegraphics area towards the left hand side.

With theCurveselected, open the general edit- Rotateform.

In the Rotateform select the keep originaloption , enter No ofCopies:- 1, and Angle:- 180 followed byReturn.

A copy of the composite curvehas been rotatedby 180degrees about the active Y axis.

Note:- In this case the same result would have been obtained if the curve had been mirrored

about the YZplane.


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Reinstate Z as the operational axis by selecting the Icon located below thegraphics area towards the left hand side.

With bothCurvesselected, open the general edit Mirror form.

In the Mirrorform select the keep originaloption and select theicon labelled ZX followed by Return.

Copies of the 2 composite curvesare mirroredabout the active ZX plane.

Further General Edit options

Offset Select thecomposite curve located in the-X -Y quadrant

and in the General Editsform select the Offsetoptions.

Select theRound discontinuities option and input Distance 10 tocreate anoffset copy as shown above (The arrow denotes the offsetdirection for a +ve Distancevalue).


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Scale Select thecomposite curve located in theX Y quadrant and in the

General Editsform select the Scaleoption.

Enter a Scalefactor of0.5 to reduce the size of the composite curveby50% of the original size (as shown below).

Create Pattern of objects With the scaled downcomposite curve still selected, click the Create

Pattern of objectsoption.

The current settings are immediately previewed.

Input 3rows along bothY andX with a Y pitchof50 andX pitch of75.

Select OK to accept.


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Rectangularis one of 4 main functions in the Pattern Editsform. The other 3 includeHoneycomb, Circular, and along Wireframe. Note: Within each specific Pattern Editform

further advanced options are available.

Honeycomb

Circular

Wireframe

The General Editsoptions will be applied as required, later during the course on other

PowerSHAPE entities such as Surfacesand Solids.


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PowerSHAPE 3. Workplanes


3. Workplanes

WorkplanesWorkplanes are user, defined datums, positioned and aligned as required to simplify model

creation. A model can contain several Workplanes, but only one can be Active at any time.

When a Workplaneis Active it becomes the XYZdatum, visually larger in size, and

changes colour from grey to red. Model entities can be copiedor cutfrom the currently

Active Workplaneand then pasted back in a different position, relative to a new Active

workplane.

The main Workplane icon is located in the main toolbar which when selected will

provide the following icons in the left hand toolbar:

Single Workplanes.

Multiple Workplanes.

Single Workplane aligned to geometry.

Single Workplane at Top/Centre/Bottom of selection.

Workplane from three points.

Create Points.

In the next example the user will be required to apply wireframe Linesto construct a box

with an angled top. This in turn will be used as the model to demonstrate some basic

applications of Workplanes.

Box Example Open a New Model.

The wireframefor the dimensioned form (as

shown right) will now be created.


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3. Workplanes PowerSHAPE


Open the Single Workplaneoption and enter 0into the CommandInputwindow to position it at the World Datum.

Select the view Iso1.

From theLine menu select Rectangle.

Enter 0in the Command input boxand press Return.

Enter 100 75in the Command input boxand press Return.

Note:- Therectangleis not a single

entity but consists of 4 separate,wireframelines.

From theLine menu select Continuous Lines.

Snapthe start of the lineonto the Workplane.

Enter 0 0 100in the Command input boxand press Return.

Enter abs0 75 150in the Command input boxand press Return.

Snap (left mouse click) the end of the current line to the top left corner ofthe rectangle(Marked as End by the Intelligent Cursorbelow).

Select the last 3 lines created.

Open the General Edits - Move option.


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Select the option Make a Copyand enter 100 in the command inputboxbefore pressing Return.

The final 2 Single linesare input by snapping to appropriate key points on the wireframe

model.

SelectSingle Lines.

Press Escape.

The mainwireframemodel is now complete.

An additional wireframemodelbased on a

hexagonal Polygon of lineswill now be created

to a new Workplanecoordinate system at X -100

away from the main model. Acopyof this

separate model will later be placed onto the

angled, top face of main model.


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Open the Single Workplaneoption and snapa new Workplanetothe top Endof the line running up Z from the original Workplane.

Zoominto the new (Active) Workplaneand then use the left mouse key toselect it.

When a Workplane is selected a square appears on

theXY plane. The corners and mid points of the

square, along with theZaxis arrowhead are thickerand darker in colour.

If the left mouse key is held down on one of the

dark bands then the Workplanecan be dynamically

rotated about the Z axis.

If the left mouse is held down one of the lighter

coloured bands then the Workplanecan be

dynamically rotated about the corresponding,

parallel X axis or Yaxis.

Note: If one of the Workplanearrowheadsis

selected (instead of a coloured band) during

dynamic re-orientation then all Workplane axeswill rotate simultaneously.


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Select the light band on the +Yside and parallel with the X axis and withthe left mouse key depressed drag and drop on to the upper left corner ofthe model (arrowed above).

Select the 4lines (Use Shift - left mouse for multi-selection) enclosing theangled top face of the model and select the Workplane option - singleworkplane at centre of selection.

As soon as the icon is clicked a new Workplane

is created, central to the 4 selected lines.

This Workplanewill both be Activeand

selected.


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From the main toolbar select the Arc options and create a 40 radius- FullArc about the currently Activeworkplane.

The R40Circlehas been created on the XY plane of the

Active workplanecentral to the angled top face of the

wireframe model.

Right click on the ActiveWorkplane to open its local menu and untickActivate. As no Workplaneis now Active all measurements will now becontrolled by the original World coordinates.

Open the Single Workplaneoption and enter -100into theCommand Inputwindow to position it (along -X) away from the mainmodel(The new Workplanewill become Active by default).

Create the following network of wireframe linescentral to the new

Workplane.

Hint:- Use Lines Polygon.

In theCommand Input box,Input(and return)0(Centre point)followed by0 15(corner point).

This wireframewill be copied from the

Workplanelocal to the geometry, to the

Workplanecentral to the angled face on

the main model.


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With the above workplane Active, select all the new locally createdwireframe and with the cursor on one of the lines, right click to open thelocalSelection menu.

Select Copyin the menu.

The selected wireframeis

effectively, copied via the mouse!

Activatethe workplane positioned central to the angled, top face on themainwireframemodel.

Right mouse click in the graphics area away from the model and selectPastefrom the local menu.

The wireframe created away

from the main model has been

copied relative to the workplane

central to the top angle face of themain wireframemodel.

Note: Data relative to anActive

workplane in one PowerSHAPE

model can be copied and pasted

relative to anActive workplanein

a different PowerSHAPE model

From the main pulldown menus select File Save As, and store thepsmodelas:-

D:\users\training\COURSEWORK\PowerSHAPE-Models\Workplane-Box


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Workplane alignment of moulding component

Often when a component design is imported it will not be in a suitable orientation for such

tasks as creating a tool around it, or for maximum accessibility to a 3 Axis machining

operation. In these cases Workplanesare easily applied to achieve a more suitable location

and oriention for the model. To maintain dimensional accountability to the original

component, it is essential to move workplanes around the model as opposed to physicallymoving the model relative to the worlddatum

Select File - Importand locate the Surface model:-D:\users\training\PowerSHAPE_Data\psmodels_n_dgk\Interior-Trim.dgk

The imported model of a plastic

moulding is not in a suitable

orientation from which to create

a mould tool. As a result asuitably positioned workplane

will be created to provide an

appropriate tooling datum.

The most obvious choice for a

tooling alignment isnormal to

the base of the pocket.

Use the middle mouse key to dynamically rotate the view to display the

underside of the component.

SelectSingle workplane aligned to geometry and left mouseclick on the surfacedefining underside face of the pocket.


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Select the surface defining the underside face of the pocket againand select theSingle workplane at top of selection option.

The latest workplanewill be

positioned, exactly central to

the selected surface.

Select and Delete the original workplaneused to create the alignmentwith the base of the pocket.

View the model in all directions to check that a suitable tooling alignmenthas been achieved.

It is possible that the model may need to be rotated 180 Degrees about the X Axisat some

stage. This can be performed using the workplane editing form.

Right mouse click on the workplaneand in the local menu select Modify.

Select the TwistX icon and enter 180 in the Calculatorform beforeselecting OK, and thenOK againin theWorkplane form.


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The model is now viewed the other way up, relative to the new orientation of theWorkplane.

Workplane toolbar

Below the graphics area in the bottom left hand corner is the Workplanetoolbar, whichincludes an icon for creating Temporary Workplanesas well as a table as an alternative

means to control the naming and activation of Workplanes.

Select the down arrowto select another workplane.

If Workplane1is selected in the form it becomes active. A Workplane

can be renamed by clicking on the current name and typing over it with

the new name, followed by the return key.

Click on the Temporary Workplaneicon.

Snapto some existing geometry (or anywhere in the graphics area).

The red and black TemporaryWorkplaneappears. ThisWorkplanecannot be aligned dynamically nor does it have access

to a local editing form, but can it be modified using the General

Editstoolbar options. It is automatically called Temporaryand can

be deleted from using the local menu or by re-selecting the

Temporary Workplaneicon.

Click on the Temporary Workplaneicon.

The Temporary Workplaneis removed from the model.

Select FileClose.


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Master WorkplaneIn a PowerSHAPEmodel one of the Workplanes can be designated as the Master, which

will be displayed with thicker lines to distinguish it from the others.

If anotheractiveWorkplaneis deactivated, instead of PowerSHAPEreverting to the World

co-ordinate system, itactivatesthe Master Workplane.

Example Open the model golf_fin.

There are two Workplanesin this modelNamed 1and2.These are listed

above the Worldco-ordinate system in the workplaneselection form.

Select Workplane 1and click over it with the rightmouse button to bring up the local menu.

Select the option Master(this becomes ticked).

Deselectthe Workplane.

The MasterWorkplane appears below Worldin the

workplane selectorform.

ActivateWorkplane2and then deactivateit.

The Master Workplanebecomes the active datum, instead of theWorldorigin. This is especially useful for users handling imported data

in the car industry where traditionally every component part has a

common datum (Car Line). This World datum could be metres away

from the component as well as being in an unsuitable orientation for

tooling purposes. It is advisable that this datum is retained in case it isrequired to check dimensions relative to the Car Line coordinates.

Select FileClose.


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PowerSHAPE 4. Surfaces and Solids


4. Surfaces and Solids

What is a Surface?

A Surfaceis best described as a skin of negligible thickness stretched across a defined 2D or

3D area.

There are 3 main types of surfacesupported by PowerSHAPEwhich include:-

Primitives, NURBSandPower Surfaces. The constructional attributes and editing

capability of these are very different.

Primitive surfacesA Primitive Surfaceis based on simple,standard shapes, and wireframe extrusionsor

rotated forms. A Primitive Surfaceis defined or edited by entering set parameters into aspecialist form (The actual input criteria depends on the type of Primitive Surface).

A major restriction of a Primitive surfaceis that it is only possible to modify the existing

defined parameters such as length,radius,orientation and where applicable, theoriginal

wireframe. Primitive surfacesalso have an inherent workplane like datum, which the user

can manipulate to perform modifications dynamically.

PowerSHAPE- Primitive surface options include:-Primitive -Plane, Block, Sphere, Cylinder, Cone, Torus. Helix.

Extruded surfaces (From pre-defined wireframe).Surfaces of revolution (From pre-defined wireframe).

ThePrimitive ConeSurfaceis shown selected with the local Coneediting form open.

Note:- The Surface Cone is a skin with the top and base open.


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4. Surfaces and Solids PowerSHAPE


NURBS surfaces (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline)It is common for a surface modelcreated using a different CAD system to be imported into

PowerSHAPE. For this to be possible, PowerSHAPEsupports other types of Surface

definitions such as NURBS surfaces. PowerSHAPEwill also create NURBS surfaces

during certain applications or if dictated by the user in the PowerSHAPE - Surface Options.

The control points on a NURBS surface can be dynamically moved around in space, but not

to any degree of dimensional accuracy.

Any such changes are tricky to apply and depend on the users visual acceptance of the new

form.

Conversion of Primitives and NURBS to Power SurfacesIf it is required to perform more complex modifications to the shape of a Primitiveor

NURBS surface, it must first, be convertedto a Power Surface. With a Power Surfacethe

user has access to a full range of editing options via a comprehensive surface/curve editing

toolbar or dynamic operations.

Note:- It is not possible toconvert aPower surface back to a Primitive or NURBS type.

In the Mainpulldown menu option:-Tools Options Objects Surfacesensure that in the section labelledPrimitivesthat

Create as NURBSis unticked if direct conversion from Primitivesto Power Surfacesis

required (Otherwise when Convert Surfaceis applied to a Primitiveit becomes a NURBS

which in turn will have to be converted to a Power Surface).

Note:- Several of the Surfacecreation options directly create a Power Surface.


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Power surfacesA Power surfaceis based on a network of 4 sided wireframeelements appearing as curves

along (longitudinals) and across (laterals) the surface area.

A Power Surfacecan generate complex forms while retainingfull editing capability

including the directionand magnitudethrough surface curveintersections.

To define holes within the surfacearea or an outside profile not compliant with a 4 sided

wireframestructure, specialisttrim curvescalled Boundaries are applied.The area of surface between adjacent pairs of lateralsand longitudinalsis called apatch.

The curves on a POWER Surface are called longitudinals (along the surface) and laterals

(across the surface). In some cases another (optional) curve exists called a spine. This

generally runs along the longitudinal direction, often in free space controlling the orientation

of the laterals.

Laterals

This surface contains the minimum,

two laterals.

Longitudinals

This surface contains a total of 7

longitudinals flowing from

corresponding points from the first

to the second lateral

Spine (Drive Curve)

The spine (shown dotted) is used to

control the orientation of thelaterals. A spine is not mandatory

and can be created or deleted as

required without changing the

surface shape. It occurs

automatically such as during the

creation of Fillet surfaces or as part

of the controlled geometry of a

Drive Curve surface.

The Cato mark identifies the start point for Laterals and Longitudinals on a POWER surface.It is positioned a short distance from point 1along lateral 1with a short line pointing from itrepresenting the Longitudinal direction.


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What is a Solid?

A Solidis best described as asolid mass. Unlike Surfacemodelling, there are no options inSolidmodelling that directly create entities that are ofnegligible thickness(egPrimitive

Plane, or a Split Surface). There are obvious differences in both theoptions andmethods

used as opposed to working with Surfaces. The main advantage of working with Solids is theinherentHistory Tree. Actions performed earlier can be retrospectively modified within the

History Treeand the whole Solid will update to fully accommodate the alterations. This

means any amendments to a design can be very quickly implemented in the model.Solid modelling has been an essential feature ofPowerSHAPEfor many years but

PowerSHAPE 2010is the first version to fully supportParasolids as the standard as opposed

to the earlier V8 Solids. V8 Solids are a type of solid that is unique to Delcamwhereas

Parasolidsare the standard used by other dedicated Solid modelling packages.

An essential reason to use Parasolids is that actions performed on them are generally more

accurate, stable, and reliable. In PowerSHAPE 2010,Parasolidsare default, and to the

existing user theoptions andforms used are little changed from those used with V8 Solids.

Note:- The Solid Coneis fully enclosed mass that includes the top and bottom face.

Summary

From the above explanations it is obvious that Solid Modellingis the best method to use for

creating a CAD model. There are however certain applications that are impossible or more

difficult to create using solids. These include Split Surfaces,Draft surfaces, and Solid

Doctorrepair, operations where faces need to be extracted and modified as surfaces patches

before being inserted back into the Solid.


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Surfaces Versus Solids

The following simple component will be created using both Surfaceand Solid modelling to

demonstrate the general differences. This example will also demonstrate the advantages of

using Solid Modelling.

The Holes are Dia 20, the Fillets are Rad 5, and the Draft Angleis 5 Degrees.

Surface Modelling Method

From the Main pull downmenus select File- Save As :-

D:\users\training\COURSEWORK\PowerSHAPE-Models\GettingStarted

From the Main toolbar select Workplanesto access the Workplaneoptionstoolbaron the left of the graphics area.

Create a single Workplane at 0.

Note: The Workplane will automatically become theActive datumon creation.


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From the Main toolbar select Surfaces to access the Surfaceoptions

toolbar on the left of the graphics area.

From the Surfacing optionsselect Block Primitive.

Left mouse clickon the workplaneto locate the newBlockPrimitiveonto it.

Right mouse clickon the BlockPrimitiveand select Modifyfrom thelocal editing options.

Fill the Blockform in exactly as shown above before selecting OK.

FilletsSurface Filletscan only be created along the intersectionsbetween 2 or moreseparate

Surfaces. The Block Surfacemust first be made into4 separateSurfacesfor it to be

possible to create theFillets. Before the Surfacecan be split up, it must first be Converted

from a Primitiveto a Power Surface.

Right mouse clickon the Surfaceand the description at the top of thelocal menu includes Surface Block.

From the local menu select Convert Surface.


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Right mouse clickon the Surfaceand the description at the top of thelocal menu should include Power Surface(If it is Nurbsselect ConvertSurfaceagain).

DoubleLeft mouse clickon the Surfaceto both make it selected (Yellowwireframe) and to open the Surface editstoolbar.

With the Shift keydepressed, use the Left mouse keyto select all 4linear curves running from the base to the top.

Select the option Break Surfaceto create 4 separate Power Surfaces.


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Select all 4 Surfacesand from the Surface optionstoolbar select Filletsurface.

Use a Fillet Radiusof 5

Set Convex(fillet from inside (Red) faces ofSurfaces).

Set Fillet all routes(Automatically creates fillet

surfaces along all available routes).

Fill in the Fillet Surfaceform in exactly as shown above before selectingOK.

Fillet Surfacesare created up the 4cornersof the Block.

One issue with a Fillet Surfacerunning between adjacentDraft Surfacesis illustrated in the

following (exaggerated) diagram.

The cross section of a Fillet Surfaceis always perpendicular to

thedrive curve(Spine) created between adjacent Surfaces.

A Surface Filletwill not proceed beyond the physical edge of the

adjacent Surfaces.

As a consequence of the above rules neither the top or bottom

section of the Fillet Surfaceare flush with the top or base levels.


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Trimming the Fillets From the lower left corner of the PowerSHAPEwindow the select

Create/Remove temporary workplane and in the Command inputbox enter 0 0 50.

Select all 4 sidewall Surfacesand press the keys (Ctrl J) to Blankthemfrom the view.

Click on the Show general edits optionsfollowed by Limit selection.

Select the Activetemporary workplaneto be the Cuttingobject and thendrag a boxacross all 4 Fillet Surfacesto trim them back to be level withthe temporary workplane.


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Press the keys (Ctrl L) to return all items back into view (Unblank).

Create a Fill-In Surface From the lower left corner of the PowerSHAPEwindow the select

Create/Removetemporary workplane to remove the current one.

With the Altkey depressed, left mouse clickanywhere on the top edge ofthe surface model to create a Composite Curveall around the top edge.

With the Composite Curveselected, open the Surface Optionstoolbar

and then click on the Automatic Surfacingoption.


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Select Apply to create a Fill-InSurfaceinside the selected Compositecurve.

Select and Deletethe Composite Curve.

Creating the Holes From below left of the graphics areaselect Y as the operational direction.

Activatethe Workplane.central to the base of the model.

From the Surfacing options select Cylinder Primitive.

Enter the values 0 -60 25in the Command Input boxto position the newCylinder Primitive.

Right mouse clickon the CylinderPrimitiveand select Modifyfrom thelocal editing options menu.


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In the above form, input Radius10and Length120before clicking on OK.

From below left of the graphics areaselect Z as the operational direction.

Select the new Cylinder Primitiveand open the general editstoolbar.

In the general editstoolbar select Rotate items to open thefollowing form.

Select the Keep originaloption, input Copies1, and Angle90, before

pressing the Return key.

The 2 Cylinder Primitivesmust now betrimmed backto each other as well as to theouter

wallSurfaces.


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Trimming the Holes Select the 2 Cylinder Primitivesand apply Blank Except(Ctrl K).

The 2 Cylinder Primitives

need to be trimmed back to each

other.

To ensure this is fully successful

thegeneral tolerancewill first

be increased to 0.02.

In the General toleranceinput box (located below the graphics area),modify the current value to 0.02.

Select one of the Cylinder Primitives and from the general edits optionsselect Limit Selection.

Note the green tickshows that the selected Cylinder

Primitive is registered as the Cutter selection.

With the Limit selectionform open, select the other Cylinder Primitive toproduce one of several possible trim results (2 shown below).


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To obtain the correct trim keep selecting Next solutionuntil the correctone is displayed (as shown below).

Note that the limit selectionprocess will automatically cause the Cylinder Primitivesto be

converted to Power Surfaces.

Close the Limit selectionoptions.

Select and Blank(Ctrl J) the 4 filletsand topSurface.

Use Limit Selectionto trim back each cylinderto their relevant sidewall

surfaces(Hint: Select a sidewallsurfaceas the Cutter selectionandwhen applying the trim, click the part of the cylinderprotruding outside thewall).

Once both cylinder Surfaceshave been trimmed to all of the sidewallSurfacesapply Unblank(Ctrl L) to return all entities to the view.


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Note: The visible side of the Cylinder Surfacesare shaded Red (Inside face) as opposed to

the other surfaces which are shaded Blue (Outside face). It is good practice to reverse any

surfaces that are currentlyshaded red.

Select the 2 cylinderSurfaces(Shaded Red) and right click over one ofthem to open the local menu.

Select Reversein the local menu to turn the 2 cylinderSurfacesinsideout.

Select File Save to update the externally stored Modelfile.

Do not close the modelas it will be continued to create the samecomponent design but this time using Solid modelling.

The Surface Modelis now finished, but should any future design changes occur it will be a

laborious process to implement them. If it is required to change such features as the fillet

Radii, Hole Diameters, or general dimensions, other related parts of the Surface Modelwill

not automatically update, All affected surfaceswill need to have the current trimming

deleted and then individually be re-trimmed to comply with the updated design.

Solid Modelling Method

The same component will be created but this time using Solids at a distance of X150from the

Surface model

From the Main toolbar select Workplanes

to access the Workplaneoptionstoolbaron the left of the graphics area.

Create a single Workplane at X150.

Note: The new Workplane will automatically become theActive datumon creation.


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From the Main toolbar select Solids to access the Solidoptionstoolbaron the left of the graphics area.

From the Solid optionsselect Block Primitive.

Left mouse clickon the new workplaneto locate the newBlockPrimitiveon to it.

Right mouse clickon the BlockPrimitiveand select Modifyfrom thelocal editing options.

The new Solid will automatically be Activeon

creation.

Fill the Blockform in exactly as shown above before selecting OK.

Double left mouse clickon the Solidtoopen the History Treewindow to the left

of the graphics area(If it is not alreadyopen).

The Solid Blockis currently the only item registered

in the History Tree.


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Holes From below left of the graphics areaselect Y as the operational direction.

From the Solid options select Create solid cylinder.

In the Command inputbox enter the coordinates 0 -60 25to define thelocation for the Solid cylinder.

Double left mouse clickon the Solid cylinderto open the Cylinder

editing form.

Insert Radius 10and Length 120before selecting OKto accept thechanges.

The newly created Solid Cylinderwill be registered in the History Treeas a separate item to

the existing Active Solid.

The OriginalSolidis identified with a Red flagto show that it is

theActiveSolid.

The Cylinder Solidis identified with a Grey flagto show that it

is not theActive Solid.

Note: A Solidis made Active(or not) by toggling theflagusing a left mouse click.


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Boolean operationA Booleanoperation will either Add, Remove, or Intersectthe selected Solid(s)within the

ActiveSolid.

With the original Solid Active(Redwireframeand RedFlagin HistoryTree) select the Solid Cylinderusing the left mouse.

From the Main toolbar select Feature to access the SolidFeatureoptionstoolbar on the left of the graphics area.

Select Boolean Remove from the Solid Feature optionstoolbar.

The mass of the Cylinder Solidis

removed from theActiveSolid.

The Solid Cylinderis now part of theActiveSolidand is registered at the top of the History

Tree.


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Solid EditingThe previous Boolean Removaloperation can be copied and rotatedto create the otherHole

by using options from within the SolidHistoryTree.

From below left of the graphics areaselect Z as the operational direction.

Left mouse click the Boolean Removalaction located directly above theSolid Cylinderin the History Tree.

A square boxis displayed around the item nameon selection.

Select the General Editingoptions and switch to Edit selected sub-itemsmode.

Select the Rotate itemsoption and in the resultant form set Keeporiginalwith Copies1and Angle90before pressing the Return key.

Keep Original

Rotated Copy of the

original Hole

Original Hole

The second Solid Modelof the component is now completed. In addition to the overall

process being easier than Surface modelling, design changes can be implemented almost

instantaneously from with the Solid History Tree.


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PowerSHAPE 5. Primitive surfaces


5. Primitive Surfaces

Primitive SurfacesPowerSHAPEcan quickly create a range of simple surfaces defined by a few basic

parameters. These are Primitives, which include 6 Standard Shapes,Extruded Surfaces

and Surfaces of Revolution. On Primitive surfacesonly the basic dimensional parameters

can be modified with the original defined shape being fixed. Other typesofSurfaces used in

PowerSHAPE includeNurbs Surfaces(Frequently obtained from imported data) and

Power Surfaces. NurbsSurfaces also have limited editing capability and along with

Primitive Surfacesmust be Convertedto Power Surfacesfor a more powerful, a complete

editing capability. Note: The conversion process is not reversible.

Standard Primitive SurfacesThere are 6 standardPrimitive Surfacesoptions in PowerSHAPE, a Plane, a Box, a

Sphere, a Cylinder, a Coneand a Torus. Primitive Surfacesare generated with minimal

data input and can be an ideal starting point for many applications. Primitives are coloured

gold in the pull down menu to distinguish them from other surface creation options.

Each Primitive, when created is given a size proportional to the zoom of the screen and are

then, subsequently modified as required. A Primitivecan be moved, copied, rotated,

intersectedand filleted. However if it is required to alter the defined shape by actions such

as moving surface points or adding extra sections, a Primitivemust first be converted to a

Power Surface.

All Primitives are created in the direction of the active Principal Axis(By default this is

along the Z-Axis).

Basic Primitive Example

Select Create New Model.

Select the Surface menuicon from the Main Toolbar.

Move the mouse over the Surface Primitivesfly-out commands.

This menu allows the user to create a range of surface primitives. They are, from left to right,

Plane, Block, Cylinder, Cone, Sphereand Torus, andSpring Primitive.

Select Plane Primitive.


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5. Primitive surfaces PowerSHAPE


A moveable Primitive Surface- Planeis attached to the cursor, with the centre of the Plane

being its local origin. This can be positioned by locking onto an item using the intelligent

cursoror by typing in X Y Zco-ordinate value in the Command Inputwindow.



The selected Plane is shown is positioned with an

inherent workplane attached to it. The orientation

of the Primitive Planecan be changed

dynamically by selecting and dragging on

workplane attributes.

The sides of the actual Planecan be dynamically

dragged to a different size.

Select the blue edgeat the topof the squareand dynamicallypullit outwards until a valueof 280is displayed and releasethe mouse button.

The width can also be modified at this point

using the same method.

Select the blue edgeat the side of the square and dynamically pullitoutwards to 100.

Double clickon the Planeto open the editing form.

This form has two tabs and allows the user to

rename or reverse the surface, input different

values for width and length, re-orientate directly

along a major Axis, or by applying a twist about

a major Axis to change the angle.


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Change theLength (Y)to 100.

Select the Workspace tab and change thedefineZ position to40 beforeselectingOK.

Press Select to exitPrimitive Plane creation mode.

Do not close the model the above Planewill be used as part of the next example.

Simple Gear Shift design using Primitives

In the following example each of the six Primitive Surfaceoptions will be applied to the

construction of a basic Gear Shift design.

Click the Workplaneicon and the option Single Workplane.

Enter 0in the Command Input box and press Return.

This Workplanewill provide a visual marker for the dimensional datum.

From the Surfacefly-out menu , select Block Primitive.


Dragor Editthe Blockdimensions to X 100, Y 100 andZ 40.


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From the Surfacefly-out menu , select Cone Primitive.

Enter 00 40in the Command Input box and press Return.

Dragor Edit the Top Radiusto 5,Base Radiusto 27.5and the Lengthtobe 50.

From the Surfacefly-out menu , select Cylinder Primitive.


Dragor Edit the Radiusto 5 and theLengthto 60.

From the Surfacefly-out menu , select Sphere Primitive.


Drag or Edit the Radiusto 15.

From the Surfacefly-out menu , select Torus Primitive.


Dragor Edit the Minor Radius to 1.5and theMajor Radiusto 5

Press Select to exitPrimitive Plane creation mode.

In File- Savethe model as D:\users\training\Coursework\GearStickandselect File - Close.

Extrusion SurfacesThis type ofSurfaceis formed as an extrusion of a wireframe entity normal to the

wireframesplaner base (default). If required, it is possible to change the settings in Tools

Options Objects -Surfacesfor the extrusion surfaceto generate along the active X,Y, or

Z Axis. If several items are selected for extrusionthen a series of separate surfacewill be

generated.

As with standard Primitivesan Extrusion Surfacecan only have basic parameters

modifiedunless irreversibly convertedto a Power surface.

By default the wireframeused to create the extrusion surfacewill be deleted. To retain thewireframetick thepulldown menu, setting:-

ToolsOptions - Object - Surfaces -Keep wireframe (extrusions and revolutions).


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Extruded Polygon exampleThis example demonstrates the option to create a wireframe, polygonwhich in turn will be

used to generate an octagonal extrusion surfacewith a side length of 50 and a height of 100.

SelectOpenNew Model.

Open theLine menu.

From themenu selectPolygon.

The Polygon creation form is displayed. This allows the

user to specify the Number of sidesin the Polygonas

defined by one of three available options.

The option to Create composite curveprovides the user

with the option to create a Polygonas a single entity. If

this option is switched off (default) the sides of the

Polygonwill consist of single lines.

Set the Number of sidesto 8.

Select Edge pointsand tick- Create composite curve.

Start and end points of the first span need to be defined before dismissing the form.


Enter 50 in the Command Input box and press Return.

OKthe Polygoncreation form.

The wirefameis completed and is already a single closed

composite curve.

This will be used as the shape of the Extrusion Surface.


Select the composite curve.


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Select the Surfacemenu and select Extrusion.

This produces an extrusion surfacefrom

the selected composite curve up the Z-axis

by a default value.

The extrusionhas two sets of Double

Arrows which are used to dynamically

change the length up or down the Z axis and

if required to create a negative extrusion

(lower set).

Withthe Leftmouse buttonselect the upper set ofdouble arrows.

Drag theextrusion upwards to alength of 50.

Double-clickon the surface edge.

The PrimitiveExtrusionediting form will open

providing the options to input settings and

dimensional values. The Extrusion can be given

a positive or negative draft angle.

The extrusioncan be repositioned by entering

new origin coordinates, and aligned to, or

rotated about an Axis.

Entera lengthof 100and press OK.

De-selectthe surfaceby clicking away from the surface.

The Extrusion Surfaceis completed.


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PowerSHAPEcan also simultaneously extrude several, separate selected geometry items to

make individual surfaces.

Selectthe extruded Surface.

From the Right Mouse button menu, select Delete(or the keyboardDelete key).

The Surface has now been deleted and the original composite curvedoes not exist either.

This was deleted earlier by default when the extrusion was created. To automatically retain

future curvestickthe box accessed from the pull down menu Tools - Options Objects

Surfaces - Keep wireframe (extrusions and revolutions).

Extrusion Example 2

Select the Workplanemenu.

From the Workplane menuselect Single Workplane.


Generatethe following 8 linesaround the new Workplane.

Each of the selected wireframe entities will create a separate Extrusion Surface.

Box select all the wireframe.

Select the Surfaceicon and select Extrusion.


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For multiple wireframe selection a different form

appears which requires a common input for

Length, Draft Angle, and Negative Lengthfor

of all the Extrusion Surfacesbeing generated.

Enter a lengthof 70and press OK.

De-selectthe surfaces.

From the Shading menu, select Shaded Wire View.

PowerSHAPEhas created 3 separate

surfaces.

Note: once created the Extrusion

Surfacescan be edited individually.

Selectallof the surfacesand selectDelete.

A 3Dwireframecan be used to create an Extrusion Surface.

Import the Model:-

D:\users\training\PowerSHAPE_Data\models\psmodels_n_dgk\3D_Wireframe.dgk

An Extrusion Surfacewill be created from the

imported 3D composite curve.

Select the composite curve.

Fromthe Surfacemenu and the option Extrusion.

Edit the lengthof the ExtrusionSurfaceto 50mm.


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It can be seen that the surfacehas been extruded along the

normal to the average,planar baseto the wireframe.

Select Undoto get back to the stage prior to creating the ExtrusionSurface.

Select ToolsOptions - Objects -Surfaces.

The section Primitives controls the

standard behaviour as they aregenerated.

The default option is for Create extrusions normal to planar baseto be ticked.

Untick - Create extrusions normal to planar baseand press Accept.

Selectthe Z Axis and select the composite curve.

Fromthe Surfacemenu and the option Extrusion.

The Extrusion Surfacewill now be generated

along the active Principle Axis Z.

Select FileClosebut do not Savethe model.


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Pump Project ExampleIn this example an IGES file containing wireframe data is Imported into PowerSHAPE

and the Surface Model will be created in stages to provide a practical application of the

content from the remaining chapters. Many different types of data formats can be imported

into PowerSHAPE depending on the customer having purchased the relevant translators.

One off, data translations can also be licensed through the internet on a pay as you gobasis

through the Delcam Technical Supportdepartment.

Select OpenNew Model.

Select Import Data File.

The Select a file toImport form

appears to enable the user to

browse for the required file.

From D:\Users\Training\PowerSHAPE_data\igesselect pump.igsandpress Open.

The multi-coloured wireframeappears.

Selectallof the wireframethat defines the base.


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Select the Z- axis.

Select the Surfacemenu and select Extrusion.

Drag the extrusion lengthto 40.

Press Select.

The extrusionsurfaceis complete. The

model must now be Savedready for the

next stage.

Select FileSave Asand enter the name pump-project2and pressSave(Work will continue on this modelduring later chapters).

Select FileClose.

Surfaces of Revolution ExampleA surface of revolution is creating by revolving single geometry or a composite curve around

a specified principal plane.

Select OpenNew Model.

Create a Workplaneat 0and create thebottle section geometry.

This shape will be connected together with a composite

curve.

This curve will be revolved by 360 degrees around the

workplane generating a surface. The correct axis for

rotation around must be pre selected.


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Select the Y-Axis.

Create a composite curveof the section geometry.

Selectthe wireframeand select the Surfacemenu.

Select Surface of Revolution.

The selected composite curveis spun around

the active axis (Y) producing the surface of

revolution producing the bottle shape. A lid can

be created by generating a curve around the

end profile, and applying theFill-In surface

option.

Selectthe viewIso3.

Select the Curvemenu and select Create aComposite Curve.

Clickon the top partof the bottle.

A composite curvecan be used to trace

all around the curves of a surface.

Tracearoundthe topof the bottle until closed.

Select Save and Eject on the composite curvemenu.

Selectthe Composite Curve.

A fill-insurfaceis generated from a composite curvesor a series of wireframeentities. It

is especially useful for filling in gaps in models.


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From the Surface menu select the Automatic-Surfacing Wizard.

Use the pull down to select Fill In(if not already picked).

This wizard will be used later on

in the course.

Press Apply and thenOK.

The surface has been generated. The inside skin area of the

surfaceis displayed with a red colour. This is the inside colour

which cannot be changed by the user. It can however be

transferred to the other side of the surface skin byreversingthe

surface.

Selectthe surfacewith the Left mouse button.

From the Right mouse menuselect Reverse.

The surfacehas been reversed, showing the user defined,

coloured side, which is known as the outside.

Select FileSave Asand save the file as:-D:\users\training\COURSEWORK\PowerSHAPE-Models\my-parameters.

When a PowerSHAPEmodel is saved the undo/redofacility is reset. Only work carried out

after the Savewill be eligible to be undoneorredone.


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Wheel ExampleCreate the following wheel shape. This will then be altered using various commands.

Selectthe view from top.

Selectand Deletethe two surfaces. Generatethe basic wireframe shape.

Select allthe wireframe.

Selectthe view Iso1 and select the Y plane.

From the Surface menu

select Surface of Revolution.

The surface of revolution is generated. The only

option available to edit this surface by

parameter is to change the number of degrees it

spins around from the default of 360 degrees.


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Double clickthe surfacewith the leftmouse button.

The primitive revolution form appears, showing theworkplane options as well as the Angle.

Changethe Angleto 180 and press OK.

The surface had been generated through an angle of

180 degrees.

To alter the physical shape of the surface of

revolution the original wireframe has to be altered.

One way to alter the wireframe is to use the stretch

command from the Edit toolbar.

Click on Undo twiceto return back to the original wireframe.

Select Edit toolbar and open the Move/Copy menu.

Select stretch object.

Select the top halfof the shape, by dragginga box over it as shown.

Enter 0 50which will only move the selected parts 50mm in the Y,stretching the back and inner wall.


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The top half is dragged upwards and the

connecting geometry is stretched.

A new surface of revolution can be made

of only the inner feature by limiting theinitial composite curve using the start and

stop feature when tracing.

Select the Curvemenu and select Composite Curve.

Selectstart pointfrom the toolbar.

The cursor changes into two vertical bars like the Define start point icon. A circle will mark

the selected start point.

Snapthis to the bottom right corner endof the wireframe.

Selectend point.

The cursor changes into two vertical bars, like the Define End point icon.

A circle will marks the selected end point.

Snapthis to the top right corner endof the model for the end point of thecomposite curve as shown.

There are two options for the composite curve to be. To select the path, one of the wireframe

lines is selected.


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Select theinner vertical line.

There are two options to create a composite curve in this shape. By

selecting the inner geometry a composite curve is traced between

the two circles.

Select Save and Eject on the composite curve toolbar.

Selectthe Composite Curve.

From the Surface menu select Surface of Revolution.

The outer surface is produced. This surface can be changed

by using the Edit facility from the primitive revolution form.

Double clickthe surfaceto bring up the primitive revolution form.

From the Sketchtab, select Edit Sketch.

From the Surface/Curve editing toolbar, select Edit curve usingactive dimensions. (pull down from edit curve in 3D)

PowerSHAPE undraws

the surface and createsdimensions for the

wireframe. These

dimensions can be double

clicked and changed.


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Double Clickon the text 15 dimension.

The dimension value form appears.

Modifythe valueto be 35and press OK.

Double click the dimension value, 100input a new value of value of 80,and click OK.

Select the Finishbutton and OKthe form.

The surface is modified to suit the wireframe changes.

Select FileSave and then FileClose.

Bottle ExerciseUsing arcs, generate a bottle shape starting with the base.

SelectCreate New Model.

Selectthe Z-axis and Createa Workplaneat 0.

Generate two circlesof radius 15at 50 0and -50 0.

Generate two circlesof radius 25at 0 20and 0 -20.

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