dehydration in the tropical tropopause layer of a cloud- resolving model university of reading,...
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Dehydration in the Dehydration in the Tropical Tropopause Tropical Tropopause
Layer of a Cloud-Layer of a Cloud-Resolving ModelResolving Model
University of Reading, Department of Meteorology
*DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre
Thomas BirnerThomas BirnerChristoph Küpper, John Thuburn, George Christoph Küpper, John Thuburn, George
CraigCraig**
Küpper et al. 2004, JGRKüpper et al. 2004, JGR
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Dehydration ScenariosDehydration Scenarios
e.g. Jensen et al. 1996, Holton & Gettelman 2001
e.g. Danielsen 1982 e.g. Sherwood & Dessler 2000
thin cirrusdehydration
no dehydration
CPCP
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The Cloud-Resolving Model (LEM)The Cloud-Resolving Model (LEM)
• anelastic
• fully interactive radiation scheme
• complex bulk microphysics: prognostic variables for
mass mixing ratios ql , qr , qi , qs , qg , and ni
• doubly periodic (96 km 96 km, 2 km resolution)
• 30 km deep, rigid lid, 90 levels, 300 m vertical
resolution in TTL
• relaxation layer in top 5 km
• initial conditions: SST = 300 K, qv (surface) = 17 mg/g,
qv (stratosphere) = 1.6 μg/g, CP at 16 km
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Initial ConditionsInitial Conditions
moist stratosphereexperiment
(μg/g)
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Imposed Mean Ascent (Imposed Mean Ascent (wwmama))
ERA, Jan
ERA, July
convective, this work
ρ wma
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Control Control SimulationSimulation
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Temporal Evolution at the Cold Point: Temporal Evolution at the Cold Point: TemperatureTemperature
Ti,sat
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Temporal Evolution at the Cold Point: Temporal Evolution at the Cold Point: TemperatureTemperature
Ti,sat
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Mean Profiles in Statistical EquilibriumMean Profiles in Statistical Equilibrium
TTmin
TERA
CPCPTTLTTL
Definition: q > 10-4 µg/g
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conv.
non-conv.
conv.
total
thermal
solar
total
matching level
Mean Profiles in Statistical EquilibriumMean Profiles in Statistical Equilibrium
TTLTTL
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conv.
non-conv.
conv.
total
thermal
solar
total
matching level
Mean Profiles in Statistical EquilibriumMean Profiles in Statistical Equilibrium
TTLTTLconvective:|w/| > 1 m/s
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precip.
outside conv.
conv. adv. + precip.
qv
qi
qi,sat
Mean Profiles in Statistical EquilibriumMean Profiles in Statistical Equilibrium
convective
mean asc.
TTLTTL
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Mean Profiles in Statistical EquilibriumMean Profiles in Statistical Equilibrium
Tstd. dev.Ti,sat
TTLTTL
Potter & Holton 1995Potter & Holton 1995
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conv.
non-conv.
conv.
total
total dyn.total rad.mean asc.microphys.
Mean Profiles in Statistical EquilibriumMean Profiles in Statistical Equilibrium
TTLTTL
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Moist Moist Stratosphere Stratosphere ExperimentExperiment
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Initial ConditionsInitial Conditions
moist stratosphereexperiment
(μg/g)
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Mean Profiles in Statistical EquilibriumMean Profiles in Statistical Equilibrium
TTmin
TERA
CPCPTTLTTL
Control Run
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Mean Profiles in Statistical EquilibriumMean Profiles in Statistical Equilibrium
TTmin
TERA
CPCPTTLTTL
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Difference to Control SimulationDifference to Control Simulation
TTmin
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precip.
outside conv.
conv. adv. + precip.
qv
qi
qi,sat
Mean Profiles in Statistical EquilibriumMean Profiles in Statistical Equilibrium
convective
mean asc.
TTLTTL
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precip.
outside conv.
conv. adv. + precip.
qv
qi
qi,sat
Mean Profiles in Statistical EquilibriumMean Profiles in Statistical Equilibrium
convective
mean asc.
TTLTTL
Control RunControl Run
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Tape RecorderTape Recorder
Mote et al. 1996
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Further ResultsFurther Results
• convection, in our simulation, hydrates the TTL
• additionally imposed wave perturbations typical
for Kelvin waves lead to further dehydration
• allowing supersaturations up to 50% does not
change results qualitatively
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SummarySummary• cloud-resolving simulations of the mass and moisture transport into the tropical stratosphere
• mass and moisture transport through cold point dominated
by mean ascent (see also Küpper et al., JGR 2004)
• dynamical heating rate in TTL dominated by mean ascent
• mean water vapor subsaturated at CP in control run
• final stage of dehydration in convectively generated
buoyancy waves
• thin cirrus at CP sensitive to initialized stratospheric
moisture
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OutlookOutlook
• microphysics parameter sensitivity
• continental conditions (CAPE)
• more realistically imposed wave perturbations