DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS

Technical Review Meeting on the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture (WCA) 2020

Rome, Italy 7- 8 November 2014

Giorgi Kvinikadze Statistician, Agricultural Censuses and Surveys Team FAO Statistics Division

Outline

• Definitions of the agricultural holding and holder

• Concepts of sub-holding and sub-holder

• Land use concepts in line with the SEEA Land Use

Classification

• Work statistics concepts in line with the

Resolution of the ICLS 19

Definitions of the agricultural holding and holder 1/4

Definitions of Agricultural Holding and Holder remain the same as in the previous programme An agricultural holding is an economic unit of agricultural

production

• under single management

• comprising all livestock kept and

• all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes

• without regard to title, legal form, or size

Definitions of the agricultural holding and holder 2/4

Definitions of Agricultural Holding and Holder remain the same as in the previous programme

Single management may be exercised by

• an individual or household, • jointly by two or more individuals or households, • by a clan or tribe, • or by a juridical person such as a corporation, cooperative or

government agency.

The holding's land may consist of one or more parcels, located in one or more separate areas or in one or more territorial or administrative divisions, providing the parcels share the same production means, such as labour, farm buildings, machinery or draught animals.”

Definitions of the agricultural holding and holder 3/4

The agricultural holder is defined as

• the civil person, • group of civil persons • or juridical person who makes the major decisions regarding resource use and exercises management control over the agricultural holding operation.

The agricultural holder has technical and economic responsibility for

the holding

May undertake all responsibilities directly, or delegate responsibilities related to day-to-day work management to a hired manager.

Definitions of the agricultural holding and holder 4/4

The holder can be a group of civil persons

• members of the same household (such as a husband and wife) or • from different households

In case the holder is a group of civil persons, the members of this group are called joint holders

Joint holder is a person making the major decisions regarding resource use and exercising management control over the agricultural holding operations, in conjunction with another person or persons

Concepts of sub-holding and sub-holder

The concepts of sub-holding and sub-holder, first introduced in WCA 2010, are no longer used in WCA 2020

• It was vague and confusing • No country has explicitly used them

However, the idea of exploring intra-household distribution of responsibilities proved useful, especially in Africa

• 6 out of 11 reported censuses from Africa have explored gender role in the management and operation of the holding.

Therefore the approach to assess the role of gender in the holding has been revised

Intra-household distribution of decisions and ownership on the holding

The new approach is based on direct investigation of the role of household members in decision making

The corresponding items are grouped in Theme 10

Intra-household distribution of decisions and ownership on the holding

The discussion of this theme is scheduled for tomorrow

along with other themes where significant changes were introduced

Land use concepts in line with the SEEA Land Use Classification 1/5

At the moment of publication of WCA 2010, there was no internationally accepted standard land use classification.

In 2012 the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC) at

its forty-third session adopted the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA)

Classification of Land Use is part of it. Therefore the land use classes recommended by WCA 2020

are harmonized with the SEEA Land Use Classification, 2012.

Land use concepts in line with the SEEA Land Use Classification 2/5

Basic land use classes Aggregate land use classes

LU1. Land under temporary crops

LU1-3.

Arable land LU1-4.

Cropland LU1-5.

Agricultural land LU1-6. Land

used for

Agriculture

LU2. Land under temporary meadows and pastures

LU3. Land temporarily fallow

LU4. Land under permanent crops

LU5. Land under permanent meadows and pastures

LU6. Land under farm buildings and farmyards

LU7. Forest or other wooded land

LU8. Area used for aquaculture (including inland and coastal waters if part of the holding)

LU9. Other area not elsewhere classified

Land use concepts in line with the SEEA Land Use Classification 3/5

Classes of the SEEA land use classification Basic land use classes

recommended by WCA 2020

1.1 Agriculture

1.1.1 Land under temporary crops LU1. Land under temporary crops*

1.1.2 Land under temporary meadows and

pastures

LU2. Land under temporary meadows and

pastures

1.1.3 Land with temporary fallow LU3. Land temporarily fallow

1.1.4 Land under permanent crops LU4. Land under permanent crops**

1.1.5 Land under

permanent meadows

and pastures

1.1.5.1 Cultivated LU5. Land under permanent meadows and

pastures 1.1.5.2 Naturally

grown

1.1.6 Land under protective cover LU6. Land under farm buildings and

farmyards***

Rationale for introducing the categories “Land used for Agriculture” and “Land under farm buildings and farmyards”

*LU1 includes greenhouses and land in family gardens while 1.1.1 does not

** LU4 includes greenhouses and land in family gardens while 1.1.4 does not

*** 1.1.6 includes greenhouses and land in family gardens while LU6 does not

Land use concepts in line with the SEEA Land Use Classification 4/5 Rationale for introducing the category “Area used for aquaculture (including inland and coastal waters if part of the holding)”

Classes of the SEEA land use classification Basic land use classes recommended by

WCA 2020

1.3 Land used for aquaculture LU8. Area used for aquaculture (including inland and

coastal waters if part of the holding)

2.1 Inland waters used for aquaculture or holding

facilities

3.1 Coastal waters used for aquaculture or holding

facilities

Land use concepts in line with the SEEA Land Use Classification 5/5 The Concept of Woodland

The WCA 2020 definitions of forest land and other wooded land include the requirement that they should span over 0.5 ha

• Unlike WCA 2010 • In line with SEEA

In Theme 13 “Forestry ”the concept of Woodland is introduced

Woodland refers to the area of land satisfying all criteria for either forest land or other wooded land except the criterion of spanning over 0.5 ha.

Item 1302: Area of woodland

• Forest land as primary land use • Other wooded land as primary land use • Forest land as secondary land use on agricultural land • Other wooded land as secondary land use on agricultural land • Other woodland

Work statistics concepts in line with the Resolution of the ICLS 19 1/6

Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization adopted by the 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians in 2013

The basic concept is that of work • “Comprises any activity performed by persons of any sex and age to

produce goods or to provide services for use by others or for own use”.

Labour is more associated with employment

Much of work on agricultural holdings is outside the scope of

employment For this reason the title of the theme has been changed from “Farm

labour” to “Work on the holding”.

Work statistics concepts in line with the Resolution of the ICLS 19 2/6

Five types of work:

(a) own-use production work (b) employment work (c) unpaid trainee work (d) volunteer work (e) other work activities.

Own-use production of services and volunteer work producing services in households, being outside the SNA production boundary, is considered.

Work statistics concepts in line with the Resolution of the ICLS 19 3/6

Distinct treatment of employment and own-use production work.

Important implications for employment in agriculture.

For holdings in the household sector, the members of holder’s household that have worked on the holding will be considered as being in employment only if the holding is producing mostly for sale.

Item 0107 on main purpose of production becomes very important

Work statistics concepts in line with the Resolution of the ICLS 19 4/6

The new work statistics framework uses only short reference periods (such as one week or a month) for definition of its concepts.

However, for agricultural censuses long reference periods such as a

year are more appropriate to capture the seasonal character of agricultural work. For all items of the theme the reference period is the census reference year.

For the purposes WCA 2020, some concepts are adapted to suit the

long reference period Item 0901 “Whether working on the holding is the main activity ”

• Identifies whether, during the census reference year, the household

member spent more time working on the holding than on all other

forms of work outside the holding taken together.

Work statistics concepts in line with the Resolution of the ICLS 19 5/6

Item 0904 “Labour force status ”

A person within the labour force is one who was either in employment or unemployment during 50 percent or more of the weeks of the reference year Otherwise the person is considered to be outside the labour force.

A person within the labour force is considered as being in

employment if the number of weeks during which he/she was in employment is not less than the number of weeks during which he/she was in unemployment. Otherwise the person is considered as being in unemployment

Work statistics concepts in line with the Resolution of the ICLS 19 6/6

Item 0905 “Status in employment of main job”

The main job over the census reference year is defined as the job in which the person has spent most of his/her time during his/her period of employment during the reference year

This is different from the procedure of determining main job using the short-term reference period, when, first, all jobs of a person are determined during a one week or seven days period and then the main job is determined as the one with most hours usually worked

Distinction is made between “Employer” and “Own account worker” (not in WCA 2010)

THANK YOU!