definition of mineral naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a
DESCRIPTION
DEFINITION OF MINERAL Naturally occurring, Inorganic Solid with a definable chemical composition and crystal structure Physical Properties Crystal Form (Shape). Cubic - Fluorite. Dodecahedron - Garnet. Hexagonal Prism - Quartz. Octahedron - Magnetite. Cleavage Page 22. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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DEFINITION OF MINERALNaturally occurring, Inorganic Solid with adefinable chemical composition and crystal structurePhysical Properties
Crystal Form (Shape)
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Cubic - Fluorite
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Dodecahedron - Garnet
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Hexagonal Prism - Quartz
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Octahedron - Magnetite
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Cleavage Page 22Tendency to break along planes of weaker atomic Tendency to break along planes of weaker atomic bonds. bonds.
Cleavage produces flat, shiny surfaces.Cleavage produces flat, shiny surfaces.
Described by the number of planes and their angles.Described by the number of planes and their angles.
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Potassium FeldsparPotassium Feldspar
Muscovite micaMuscovite mica
AmphiboleAmphibole
• Examples of cleavage
– One direction
– Two directions at 90º
– Two directions NOT at 90º
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CalciteCalcite
Examples of cleavageThree directions at 90º
Three directions NOT at 90º
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Fracture
Minerals break in ways that reflect atomic bonding. Fracturing implies equal bond strength in all directions.
Example: quartz displays conchoidal fracture.Shaped like the inside of a clam shell. Breaks along smooth curved surfaces.
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Specific Gravity The weight of a mineral compared to the same volume of water
Luster Page 23 Intensity of light reflected off a mineral Metallic, non-metallic- glassy (vitreous) and earthy (dull)
Color and Streak
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Scratching resistance of a mineral.Derives from the strength of atomic bonds. Hardness compared to the Mohs scale for
hardness.1. Talc, graphite2. Gypsum3. Calcite4. Fluorite5. Apatite6. Orthoclase 7. Quartz8. Topaz9. Corundum10. Diamond
Hard- Scratches Glass
Soft - Scratched by Fingernail
Medium - Does not scratch glass, not scratched by Fingernail
Hardness
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Other PropertiesReaction with acidTasteMagnetism