definition of energy efficiency v3r1
DESCRIPTION
Definition of Energy Efficiencyhttp://evo-blog.comTRANSCRIPT
What does it mean to be more energy efficient?The flaw of intensity-based saving reports
Prof LJ Grobler (CEM, CMVP)
Energy Cybernetics (Pty) LtdEmail: [email protected]
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Facts or Fiction?
• Every industry is different – therefore each one should have its own definition of energy efficiency
• Benchmarks can be used to determine energy savings
• Energy intensities can be used as Baselines for example kWh/tonne, GJ/tonne of steam, etc.
• Energy efficiency improvement is the improvement in energy intensity
• Energy efficiency improvement is the reduction in total energy use
We will get back to this .....??
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Practical Example
2008 Figures
• Production per month = 1280 tonnes/month
• Total energy use = 6784 MWh/month
• Specific Energy Use = 5.3 MWh/tonne
2009 Figures
• Production per month = 858 tonnes/month
• Total energy use = 5748.6 MWh/month
• Specific Energy Use = 6.7 MWh/tonne
Savings??
• Production = 422 tonnes/month lower
• Total energy use = 1035.4 MWh/month lower
• Specific Energy Use = 1.4 MWh/tonne increase
3-Mar-09 3
?
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Baseline Example
In open pit mining the energy/fuel use of a haulage truck depends on the following:
• Horizontal distance travelled loaded
• Horizontal distance travelled unloaded
• Route planning
• Vertical lift
• Vertical up and down
• Tonnes hauled
• Driver operation
• Type of truck
3-Mar-09 4
Multi-dimensional relations
Fuel use = F(X1, X2, X3 ... Xn)
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Definitions
Energy Conversion Efficiency : η =
Energy Intensity: Specific Energy Use =
Coefficient of performance (COP) =
Work out (kW)
Energy in (kW)
Energy units (litres)
Production (tonne)
Cooling (kW)
Power in (kW)
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Definitions
Luminous Efficacy =
System Efficiency =
A system is more energy efficient if it uses less energy to provide the same level of service “Wikipedia”
Luminous flux (lux)
Power in (Watt)
Useful Work out (kW)
Power in (kW)
Does this mean we need to use Energy Intensities?
How do systems and processes perform?
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Poor Furnaces Performance
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
- 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Production (tonnes saleable/day)
En
erg
y c
on
su
mp
tio
n (
MW
h/d
ay)
Furnace 6
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Daily Electricity Consumption vs. Daily Total Production
-
100.00
200.00
300.00
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600.00
- 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00 200.00
Total Production [Tonnes/day]
Ele
ctr
icit
y c
on
su
mp
tio
n [
MW
h/d
ay
]
Overall Period
Good Furnace Performance
6 MWh/tonne
2.7 MWh/tonne
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Furnace Specific Energy Use
Specific Energy Consumption
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Tonnes Saleable/Day
MW
h/T
on
Best operationLow Production
Higher Production
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
System and Process Behaviour
• Process Pumping • Mine Pumping
Pre-Implementation: 1 Jan 2004 to 7 Apr 2004 (Baseline period)
y = 0.0149x
R2 = 0.8994
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000
m^3/day
MW
h/d
ay
Daily electricity consumption vs. daily water sales
0
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0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 180,000
Daily Liter Water
Da
ily
Ele
ctr
icit
y C
on
su
mp
tio
n
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Pumping Efficiency Improvement
Pre- and Post-Intervention KPIs
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
Production
KP
I
Pre-Intervention Post-Intervention Linear (Post-Intervention) Linear (Pre-Intervention)
Saving
Before
After
Energ
y U
se
Production
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Case Study – Paper Mill Specific Energy Use
A-13
Specific Energy Use
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 3000.0
ADt/day
GJ/A
dt/
day
2003 2005
2003: 1750 2005: 1945
7.2
13.3
M&V of Energy Efficiency Savings Procedure
3-Mar-0914
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
M&V of Energy Efficiency Savings
3-Mar-09 15
Production/period
Production/period
Energ
y U
se /
peri
od
Specific
Energ
y U
se /
period
E1
E2
SEU1
SEU2
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
M&V of Energy Efficiency Savings
3-Mar-09 16
Production/period
Production/period
Energ
y U
se /
peri
od
Specific
Energ
y U
se /
period
E3
E4
SEU3
SEU4
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
M&V of Energy Efficiency Savings
3-Mar-09 17
Production/period
Production/period
Energ
y U
se /
peri
od
Specific
Energ
y U
se /
period
E1
E2
E3
E4
SEU3
SEU4
SEU1
SEU2
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
M&V of Energy Efficiency Savings
3-Mar-09 19
Production/period
Production/period
Energ
y U
se /
peri
od
Specific
Energ
y U
se /
period
E1
E2
E3
SEU2
SEU3
SEU1
Production
Energy Eff.
Energy Eff.
Production
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Facts or Fiction?
• Every industry is different – therefore each one should have its own definition of energy efficiency
• Benchmarks can be used to determine energy savings
• Energy intensities can be used as Baselines for example kWh/tonne, GJ/tonne of steam, etc.
• Energy efficiency improvement is the improvement in energy intensity
• Energy efficiency improvement is the reduction in total energy use
All are fiction !!!
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
What are Energy Efficiency Savings?
Energy Efficiency Savings are therefore the difference between the actual
energy use under current conditions for the considered period compared to what
it would have been under these conditions if the energy efficiency measures were not implemented
“LJ Grobler”
3-Mar-09 21
Example – Mining Operation
3-Mar-0922
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Plant Electricity Consumption & Production History(Monthly data: Jan’04 to Sep’07)
Requested Baseline period: 2004 Calendar year
0
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
250 000
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350 000
400 000
450 000
500 000
0
1 000 000
2 000 000
3 000 000
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6 000 000
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9 000 000
10 000 000Ja
n '0
4
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'04
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'04
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r '0
4
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04
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g '0
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'04
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v '0
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c '0
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r '0
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05
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g '0
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v '0
5
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c '0
5
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r '0
6
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06
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g '0
6
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v '0
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c '0
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r '0
7
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g '0
7
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'07
Mo
nth
ly p
rod
uct
ion
[To
n/m
on
th]
Mo
nth
ly e
lect
rici
ty c
on
sum
pti
on
[kW
h/m
on
th]
Month
Plant Monthly Electricity Consumption & Production(Jan 2004 - Jul 2008)
Plant Production per month [Ton/month] Plant Electricity Consumption per month [kWh/month]
2004 PCP PeriodOctober 2006 - September 2007Performance assessment period
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Plant Electricity Consumption & Production History(2004 to performance assessment period)
Requested Baseline period: 2004 Calendar year
0
50 000
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500 000
0
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10 000 000
Jan
'04
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'04
Ap
r '0
4
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'04
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'04
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04
Au
g '0
4
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'04
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'04
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v '0
4
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c '0
4
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r '0
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c '0
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g '0
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v '0
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c '0
6
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'07
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'07
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'07
Ap
r '0
7
May
'07
Jun
'07
Jul '
07
Au
g '0
7
Sep
'07
Mo
nth
ly p
rod
uct
ion
[To
n/m
on
th]
Mo
nth
ly e
lect
rici
ty c
on
sum
pti
on
[kW
h/m
on
th]
Month
Plant Monthly Electricity Consumption & Production(Jan 2004 - Jul 2008)
Plant Production per month [Ton/month] Plant Electricity Consumption per month [kWh/month]
Average Monthly Plant Electricity Consumption [kWh/month] Average Monthly Plant Production per month [Ton/month]
2004 PCP PeriodOctober 2006 - September 2007Performance assessment period
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Actual Energy Use
2004 Figures: (Baseline Period)
• Average monthly electricity consumption: 8,362,162 kWh/month
• Average monthly production: 210,396 ton/month
• Electricity intensity: 42 kWh/ton
2007 Figures: (Performance Assessment Period:
• Average monthly electricity consumption: 7,362,884 kWh/month
• Average monthly production: 186,438 ton/month
• Electricity intensity: 39 kWh/ton
Changes between 2004 and 2007:
• Average monthly electricity consumption: down by 999,278 kWh/month (11.9%)
• Average monthly production: down by 14,958 ton/month (7.1% )
• Electricity intensity: down by 3 kWh/ton (7.1%)
What is the saving ….?
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Monthly Electricity Consumption vs. Production (Baseline& Performance assessment period)
0
1 000 000
2 000 000
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10 000 0000
5 0
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5 0
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0 0
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5 0
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0 0
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5 0
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5 0
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5 0
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0 0
00
Ele
ctri
city
co
nsu
mp
tio
n p
er
mo
nth
[kW
h/m
on
th]
Production per month
Plant monthly electricity consumption vs. monthly production (2004 and PCP Period)
2004 PCP Period Linear (2004) Linear (PCP Period)
2004:201 396 tons
2004:8 362 162 kWh
PCP Period:186 438 tons
PCP Period:7 362 884 kWh
PA Period
PA Period: 39 kWh/t
PA Period: 186 438 tons
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Monthly Electricity Consumption/ton vs. Production (Baseline & Performance assessment period)
0
10
20
30
40
50
600
5 0
00
10
00
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0 0
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5 0
00
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0 0
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5 0
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0 0
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5 0
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0 0
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5 0
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0 0
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Ele
ctri
city
co
nsu
mp
tio
n p
er
mo
nth
[kW
h/m
on
th]
Tons hoisted per month [Ton/month]
Plant monthly electricity consumption / ton vs. monthly production (2004 and PCP Period)
2004 PCP Period Expon. (2004) Expon. (PCP Period)
2004:201 396 tons
2004:42 kWh/t
PCP:186 438 tons
PCP:39 kWh/t
PA Period
PA Period:39 kWh/t
PA Period:186 438 tons
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
The True Energy Efficiency and Operational Impacts
0
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00
Ele
ctri
city
co
nsu
mp
tio
n p
er
mo
nth
[kW
h/m
on
th]
Production per month
Plant monthly electricity consumption vs. monthly production (2004 and PCP Period)
2004 PCP Period Linear (2004) Linear (PCP Period)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
5 0
00
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00
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Ele
ctri
city
co
nsu
mp
tio
n p
er
mo
nth
[kW
h/m
on
th]
Tons hoisted per month [Ton/month]
Plant monthly electricity consumption / ton vs. monthly production (2004 and PCP Period)
2004 PCP Period Expon. (2004) Expon. (PCP Period)
Baseline:201 396 tons
Baseline:201 396 tons
Performance assessment:186 438 tons
Performance assessment:186 438 tons
Production (decrease): 280 058 kWh/monthEnergy Efficiency (decrease) : 719 220 kWh/month
TOTAL (decrease): 999 278 kWh/month
Production (increase): 2 kWh/tonEnergy Efficiency (decrease): 5 kWh/ton
TOTAL (decrease): 3 kWh/ton
PA PeriodPA Period
PA Period
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Actual vs. Service Level Adjusted Baseline
0
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Jan '04
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Mo
nth
ly e
ne
rgy
con
sum
pti
on
[kW
h/m
on
th]
Month
Plant: Actual monthly consumption and Service Level Adjusted Baseline (2004 based)
Plant Electricity Consumption per month [kWh/month] Plant Service Level Adjusted Baseline [kWh]
2004 PCP Period
October 2006 - September 2007Performance assessment period
© Energy Cybernetics – all rights reserved
Results Summary
Baseline (2004):
• Average monthly electricity consumption: 8,362,162 kWh/month
• Average monthly production: 210,396 ton/month
• Electricity intensity: 42 kWh/ton
Performance Assessment Period (2007):
• Average monthly electricity consumption: 7,362,884 kWh/month
• Average monthly production: 186,438 ton/month
• Electricity intensity: 39 kWh/ton
Total impact on Energy Use between Baseline and 2007
• Total impact: 999 278 kWh/month reduction (11.9%)
• Energy Efficiency impact: 719 220 kWh/month reduction (8.6%)
• Production related impact: 280 058 kWh/month reduction (3.3%)
Total impact of specific energy use:
• Total impact: 3 kWh/ton reduction (7.1%)
• Energy Efficiency impact: 5 kWh/ton reduction (11.9%)
• Production related impact: 2 kWh/ton increase (4.8%)
What is the EE saving? 719 220 kWh/month (8.6%)
Thank you
LJ Grobler
Tel: +27 18 299 1328
www.energycybernetics.com
3-Mar-09 31