definisi dan etiologi infertility
TRANSCRIPT
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Definisi dan etiologiDefinisi dan etiologi
InfertilitasInfertilitas
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DefinisiDefinisi
Primer : – Kegagalan pasangan suami istri untuk hamil,
setelah senggama teratur tanpa kontrasepsi selama satu tahun (<35th)
– (>35th) 6 bulan Sekunder : Kegagalan pasangan suami istri untuk
hamil yang sebelumnya pernah hamil
Primer : – Kegagalan pasangan suami istri untuk hamil,
setelah senggama teratur tanpa kontrasepsi selama satu tahun (<35th)
– (>35th) 6 bulan Sekunder : Kegagalan pasangan suami istri untuk
hamil yang sebelumnya pernah hamil
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WANITAWANITA
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Female InfertilityFemale Infertility
Ovulation Disorders: Aging Diminished ovarian reserve Endocrine disorder Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Premature ovarian failure
Tubal Factors:To Investigate Tubal Obstruction: History of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Tubal Surgery Previous ectopic pregnancy Salpingectomy
Uterine/Cervical Factors: Congenital uterine anomaly Fibroids Poor cervical mucus quantity/quality Infection
Ovulation Disorders: Aging Diminished ovarian reserve Endocrine disorder Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Premature ovarian failure
Tubal Factors:To Investigate Tubal Obstruction: History of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Tubal Surgery Previous ectopic pregnancy Salpingectomy
Uterine/Cervical Factors: Congenital uterine anomaly Fibroids Poor cervical mucus quantity/quality Infection
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Uterine TypesUterine Types
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Female FactorsFemale Factors
Follopian tube
Uterine
ovary oocyte
Cervix
Extra-genital tract
Fig.1sperm
Pituitary
Thyroid Adrenal
Hypothalamus
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Gangguan vagina dan serviks
Gangguan vagina dan serviks
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Kelainan uterus (rahim)
Kelainan uterus (rahim)
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Kerusakan Saluran Telur
Kerusakan Saluran Telur
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Kegagalan ovulasiKegagalan ovulasi
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EndometriosisEndometriosis
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PRIAPRIA
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※ Male infertility
Causes
1. PRE-TESTICULAR CAUSES OF INFERTILITYa. Hypothalamic disease Isolated gonadotropin deficiency (Kallmann's
syndrome) Isolated LH deficiency ("Fertile eunuch") Isolated FSH deficiency Congenital
hypogonadrotropic syndromes
※ Male infertility
Causes
1. PRE-TESTICULAR CAUSES OF INFERTILITYa. Hypothalamic disease Isolated gonadotropin deficiency (Kallmann's
syndrome) Isolated LH deficiency ("Fertile eunuch") Isolated FSH deficiency Congenital
hypogonadrotropic syndromes
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b. Pituitary disease Pituitary insufficiency (tumors, infiltrative
processes, operation, radiation) Hyperprolactinemia Hemochromatosis Exogenous hormones (estrogen-androgen
excess, glucocorticoid excess, hyper and hypothyroidism).
b. Pituitary disease Pituitary insufficiency (tumors, infiltrative
processes, operation, radiation) Hyperprolactinemia Hemochromatosis Exogenous hormones (estrogen-androgen
excess, glucocorticoid excess, hyper and hypothyroidism).
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2. TESTICULAR CAUSES OF INFERTILITY
a. Chromosomal abnormalities: Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY, karayotype), XX disorder (sex reversal syndrome), XYY syndrome
b. Noonan's syndrome (male Turner's syndrome)
c. Myotonic dystrophy- Bilateral anorchia (vanishing testes syndrome)
d. Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (germinal cell aplasia)
2. TESTICULAR CAUSES OF INFERTILITY
a. Chromosomal abnormalities: Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY, karayotype), XX disorder (sex reversal syndrome), XYY syndrome
b. Noonan's syndrome (male Turner's syndrome)
c. Myotonic dystrophy- Bilateral anorchia (vanishing testes syndrome)
d. Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (germinal cell aplasia)
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e. Gonadotoxins (drugs, radiation)
f. Orchitis
g. Trauma
h. Systemic disease (renal failure, hepatic disease, sickle cell disease)
i. Defective androgen synthesis or action
j. Cryptorchidism
k. Varicocele
e. Gonadotoxins (drugs, radiation)
f. Orchitis
g. Trauma
h. Systemic disease (renal failure, hepatic disease, sickle cell disease)
i. Defective androgen synthesis or action
j. Cryptorchidism
k. Varicocele
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3. POST-TESTICULAR CAUSES OF INFERTILITY
a. Disorders of sperm transport
● Congenital disorders
● Acquired disorders
● Functional disorders
b. Disorders of sperm motility or function
● Congenital defects of the sperm tail
● Maturation defects
● Immunologic disorders
● Infection
3. Sexual dysfunction
3. POST-TESTICULAR CAUSES OF INFERTILITY
a. Disorders of sperm transport
● Congenital disorders
● Acquired disorders
● Functional disorders
b. Disorders of sperm motility or function
● Congenital defects of the sperm tail
● Maturation defects
● Immunologic disorders
● Infection
3. Sexual dysfunction
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Causes of male infertilityCauses of male infertilityImpaired production or function
of spermImpaired shape or movement of
spermLow sperm concentrationVaricoceleUndescended testicleTestosterone deficiency (male
hypogonadism)Genetic defectsInfections
Impaired production or function of sperm
Impaired shape or movement of sperm
Low sperm concentrationVaricoceleUndescended testicleTestosterone deficiency (male
hypogonadism)Genetic defectsInfections
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Causes of male infertilityCauses of male infertility
Impaired delivery of spermSexual issuesRetrograde ejaculationBlockage of epididymis or ejaculatory
ductsNo semen (ejaculate)HypospadiaAnti – sperm antibodiesCystic fibrosis
Impaired delivery of spermSexual issuesRetrograde ejaculationBlockage of epididymis or ejaculatory
ductsNo semen (ejaculate)HypospadiaAnti – sperm antibodiesCystic fibrosis
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Causes of male infertilityCauses of male infertilityGeneral health and
lifestyleEmotional stressMalnutritionObesityCancer and its
treatmentAlcohol and drugsAgeOther medical
conditions
General health and lifestyle
Emotional stressMalnutritionObesityCancer and its
treatmentAlcohol and drugsAgeOther medical
conditions
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Causes of male infertilityCauses of male infertility
Environmental exposurePesticides and other chemicalsOverheating the testiclesSubstance abuseTobacco smoking
Environmental exposurePesticides and other chemicalsOverheating the testiclesSubstance abuseTobacco smoking
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Causes of female infertilityCauses of female infertilityFallopian tube
damage or blockage
EndometriosisOvulation
disordersHyperprolactinemi
aPolycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS)Early menopauseUterine fibroidsPelvic adhesions
Fallopian tube damage or blockage
EndometriosisOvulation
disordersHyperprolactinemi
aPolycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS)Early menopauseUterine fibroidsPelvic adhesions
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Causes of female infertilityCauses of female infertilityMedications Thyroid problemsCancer and its treatmentCaffeine intakeOther medical conditions
Medications Thyroid problemsCancer and its treatmentCaffeine intakeOther medical conditions
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Risk factorsRisk factors
AgeTobacco smokingAlcohol useBeing overweightToo much exerciseCaffeine intake
AgeTobacco smokingAlcohol useBeing overweightToo much exerciseCaffeine intake