Define ChemistryPhysical States of MatterProperties of MatterChemical Reactions

Notes One Unit Three

Pages 3-11

What is Chemistry?Chemistry is the study of matter and

the changes it undergoes

Chemistry is……Cooking!

Chemistry is......Forensics

Chemistry Is......Industry

Chemistry is……Art

Chemistry is everything!!!!!!

There are three states of matter.• What are they?• Solid• Liquid • gas

Three States of Matter????

Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solidsgas liquid solid

containers shape/volume

compressible 

flows easily

container shape

not easily compressible

flows easily 

fixed volume/shape 

not easily

compressible

does not flow easily

What are chemical Reactions?

A chemical reaction is the process where new chemicals are made out of old chemicals.

Reactants

Physical Properties?

Chemical Properties?

HgO(s)Hg(l) + O2(g)

ColorTextureOdor

DensityBoiling point Melting point

Flames? Light?Bubbles? Solid forms?A change occurs????

Products

Sodium In Water Demo

• Physical properties

• are observed or measured without changing the Chemical.

• Chemical properties of matter

• describes its "potential" to undergo some chemical change.

Pages 18-19

Notes Two Unit Three

• Mass and Volume• Density• Weight versus Mass• Atom Versus Element• Atoms, Elements, Molecules• Reading Scales

Pages 308-317

Mass and Volume

Density• Amount of matter per unit volume.• Is this a solid, liquid or gas?• Density=Mass/volume• Water: 1.0g/mL.• Aluminum: 2.73g/mL.• Air: 0.001293g/mL

Why is density important?

Weight versus Mass• Mass and weight are different properties. • Mass is the amount of matter in the body• Weight is a measure of the force of gravitational field. • Which weighs more, a pound of feathers or a pound

of lead?• Which has more mass?

Mass versus Weight

Atom versus Element• Each element is made up of one kind of atom. • Proton number( atomic number) identifies elements

21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35

Elements in Nature

Color of Elements in Fireworks

Sr, Li

Ca

Fe, C

Na

Mg, Al, Ba

Ma, ClCu

Sr, Cu

Element versus Molecule

Pages 20-24

Reading Scales• In order to produce reliable data…

density, volume, mass….we need to be able to read the scales on measuring devices.

1. Place Water in the Erlenmeyer flask…Record the reading.

2. Pour the water into the smaller cylinder…Record the reading.

3. Pour the water to the larger cylinder…Record the reading.

4. Measure the mass of the piece of metal using the balance Record the reading.

Pages 56-64

Reading ScalesRead Digit(s) Estimated Digit

587

59

5

Size of Scales• Read each scale.

• 0.9

• 9

• 90

• 0.0009

Reading Scales

600r p p

600500700

2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.

3. Final answer and alternates!NO! and Place Holder(s)!

Reading Scales

1r

1.00.91.1

2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.

3. Final answer and alternates!Yes! No and Place Holder(s)

0e

.

Reading Scales

r e

373836

2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.

3. Final answer and alternates!No! and NO Place Holder(s)

73

Reading Scales

10r e10.

911

2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.

3. Final answer and alternates!YES!

.

No Place Holder(s)!

Reading Scales

10 6p r e

0.00160.00150.0017

2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.

3. Final answer and alternates!Yes! and Place Holder(s)

0p

0p

.

End of Try One

Reading Scales

100r e p

1.0x10+2

90110

2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.

3. Final answer and alternates!NO! and Place Holder(s)!

Reading Scales

10 0p r e

0.00100.00090.0011

2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.

3. Final answer and alternates!Yes! and Place Holder(s)

0p

0p

.

Reading Scales

1 6r e

0.0130.0120.014

2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.

3. Final answer and alternates!Yes! and Place Holder(s)

0p

0p

.

Reading Scales

8e

0.080.090.07

2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.

3. Final answer and alternates!Yes! and Place Holder(s)

0p

0p

.

Reading Scales

80p e

0.0080.0090.007

2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.

3. Final answer and alternates!Yes! and Place Holder(s)

0p

0p

.

Notes Three Unit Three

• Quiz Reading Scales/Review Check

• The Importance of Measurement

• Accuracy and Precision

• Scientific Notation

• Significant Digit Rules

• Addition and Subtraction

• Computer Assignment Number Two

Pages 56-64

Reading Scales

100r r e

100.99

101

2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.

3. Final answer and alternates!YES!

.

No Place Holder(s)!

Reading Scales

1 0r e

0.100.110.09

2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.

3. Final answer and alternates!Yes! and Place Holder(s)

0p

.

Reading Scales

10r r10.0

9.910.1

2. Decimal?1. Evaluate one digit at a time.

3. Final answer and alternates!YES!

.0e

No Place Holder(s)!

The Importance of Measurement • Qualitative measurements (OBSERVATIONS)• Quantitative measurements (SCALES)

• red • 12.0 g/mol • liquid• 2 eggs • 1 dozen • 4 legs• 1.0 g/mL • 25 years old • 250 pounds

QualitativeQuantitativeQualitative

QualitativeQualitativeQualitativeQuantitative

QualitativeQuantitative

Accuracy and Precision

• Accuracy closeness to the actual answer.• Precision how well measurements compare.

Good PrecisionGood Accuracy

Good PrecisionPoor Accuracy

Poor PrecisionPoor Accuracy

SIGNIFICANT DIGIT RULES• 1. All non zero digits are significant.

• 2. Any digit, including zero, read or estimated from a scale is significant.

• 3. Leading zeroes in numbers are never significant: the three first zeroes in 0.0010 are leading zeroes; therefore, they are not significant. They are, also, never read or estimated form a scale. Leading zeroes show place value.

• 4. Trailing zeroes are significant if a decimal is present. The zeroes in 400.0 and 400. are identified as significant by the decimal. Leading zeroes cannot be made significant by a decimal.

• 5. Only significant digits can be expressed in scientific notation

Scientific Notation • In scientific notation a number is written as a

power of 10.

• 41200 is…

• 4.12x10+4

• 0.0400 is…

• 4.00x10-2

• 301 is…

• 3.01x10+2

• 0.00560 is…

• 5.60x10-3

4.12E+4

4.00E-2

3.01E+2

5.60 E-3

Identifying Significant Digits• 400• 400• 400.• 400.• 0.001• 0.001• 2505• 2505• 2X10-2

• 2X10-2

• 0.020• 0.020

Identifying Significant Digits• 401• 401• 404.• 404.• 0.001001• 0.001001• 2100• 2100• 2.00X10-2

• 2.00X10-2

• 0.120• 0.120

Identifying Significant Digits• 200• 200• 200.• 200.• 0.00220• 0.00220• 2202• 2202• 2.93X10-2

• 2.93X10-2

• 1.000• 1.000

Identifying The Estimated Digit• 400• 400• 400.• 400.• 0.001• 0.001• 2505• 2505• 2X10-2

• 2X10-2

• 0.020• 0.020

Identifying The Estimated Digit• 401• 401• 404.• 404.• 0.001001• 0.001001• 2100• 2100• 2.00X10-2

• 2.00X10-2

• 0.120• 0.120

Identifying The Estimated Digit• 200• 200• 200.• 200.• 0.0022• 0.0022• 2202• 2202• 2.93X10-2

• 2.93X10-2

• 1.000• 1.000

+ and – of Sig Dig1. Identify Estimated Digits.

2. Round all measurements to the left most Estimated Digit.

Addition and Subtraction Problem #1

100.00- 2.1

100.00

100.0

97.9

- 2.1

- 2.1

1. ID estimated digit.

2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.

Addition and Subtraction Problem #2254.67 24.99+ 1.0

254.67

254.7

280.7

24.99+ 1.0

25.0+ 1.0

1. ID estimated digit.

2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.

Addition and Subtraction Problem #3

210 81

+10.9

210

210

300 3.0x10+2

81+10.9

80+10

1. ID estimated digit.

2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.

Addition and Subtraction Problem #4

220- 81

220

220

140

- 81

- 80

1. ID estimated digit.

2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.

Explanation of SD’s and Add. or Sub.• Read the two

cylinders:• Add the readings.1. ID estimated digits.2. Round to left most

Estimated Digit.3. Add• Pour 1st into 2nd.

9.0+70

9.0

10+70

80

+70

9.0

70

Notes Four Unit Three

• Return Quiz Reading Scales For Corrections

• Review Addition and Subtraction of Significant Digits

• Quiz Addition and Subtraction of Significant Digits

• Explain Multiplication and Division of Significant Digits

• Computer Assignment Multiplication and Division of Significant Digits

Pages 56-64

Addition and Subtraction Problem #1

105- 2.1

105

105

103

- 2.1

- 2

1. ID estimated digit.

2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.

Addition and Subtraction Problem #2255 24.98+ 1.00

255

255

281

24.98+ 1.00

25+ 1

1. ID estimated digit.

2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.

X and ÷ of Sig Dig

1. Identify the number significant digits in each value.2. Do the indicated math operation.3. Round to the least number of significant digits.

Multiplication and Division Problem #1

1. ID the SD.

2. Do the math.

3. Round to least.

25.9 x 2=?

25.9 2

25.9 x 2=

51.8 has

50 shows 1 SD

51.8

3 SD 1 SD

1 SD

Multiplication and Division Problem #2

1. ID the SD.

2. Do the math.

3. Round to least #.

0.010 x 325=?

0.010 325

0.010 x 325=

3.25 has

3.3 shows 2 SD

2 SD 3 SD

3.25

2 SD

Multiplication and Division Problem #3

1. ID the SD.

2. Do the math.

3. Round to least #.

1200. / 2.0=?

1200. 2.0

1200. / 2.0=

600 has

6.0x10+2 shows 2 SD

4 SD2 SD

600

2 SD

Multiplication and Division Problem #4

1. ID the SD.

2. Do the math.

3. Round to least #.

1.0 / 100.0=?

1.0 100.0

1.0 / 100.0=

0.01 has

0.010 shows 2 SD

2 SD 4 SD

0.01

2 SD