deeper in the ocean - técnico lisboa - autenticação · •provide gas injection to reservoir...
TRANSCRIPT
AGENDA
KEY WORDS AND CONCEPTS
FIELD DEVELOPMENT ARCHITECTURE
SPS AND SURF SYSTEMS
FLOW ASSURANCE
GIR FIELD: MAIN FEATURES
WELL STREAMS PROCESSING
OFFLOADING
Looking beyond the horizon
KEY WORDS & CONCEPTS
DEEP / ULTRA DEEP OFFSHORE
PRODUCTION: Process of extracting the hydrocarbons in controlled manner from the reservoir through well & XT and
convey it to processing or storage plant via pipelines. Extraction or recovery can be called
Primary or natural drive.
Secondary or artificial lift (WI, GI, GL, pumps, etc)
Tertiary or enhanced recovery (Steam, Surfactants – tension reducers, Detergents, etc)
PROCESSING: Combination of physical and chemical processes allowing separating the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons,
gas, water, and solids, removing the constituents that are non-saleable. Each of the by products will go through further
procedures to meet pre-defined legal, contractual and/or commercial specifications.
OFFLOADING / EXPORT: Selling liquid hydrocarbon or gas by loading into tanker or through pipelines
FIELD DEVELOPMENT ARCHITECTURE
FPSOLoading
buoy
Production loop
Manifold
Production well
Injection line
Injection well
Riser
Umbilical
Seabed conditions : P = 140 Bar; T = 4° C Av. Well depth = 1400 m; Fluid: Preservoir: 265 Bar ; Treservoir: 65°C
SPS & SURF SYSTEMS
LISBON May 2011
Gather and Convey the HC stream up to topsides facilities
Allow reinjection of topsides fluids down to reservoir
Supply power and hydraulics to power subsea systems
Allow MeOH injection and Dead oil circulation
System isolation in case of upset
FLOW ASSURANCE
The ability to produce hydrocarbon fluids economically from the reservoir to processing or export plant, over the
field life in any environment. FA can be impacted by:
Solids: Hydrates, Aspalthenes, Paraffin / Waxes, Sand, Scale
Flow behavior: Pour point, velocity, density, specific gravity, emulsion, slugging
Material limitation: Corrosion, Erosion, Mechanical strength, thermal performance
Reservoir Conditions & Product specifications: BHP, BHT, BSW, Salt, RVP
FLOW ASSURANCE (Cont’d)
ASPHATENES: Complex and heavy aromatic structure, precipitated by change in fluid composition
Pressure dominated
Depends on fluid specification
Clogging low points / Separators
Mitigation
Thermal
Mechanical
Chemical
PARAFFIN / WAX: Based on heavy saturates – C16 to C36 paraffinic and C30 – C60Naftenic
Solidification (Solid – Liquid equilibrium)
Temperature dependant (WAT)
Widespread but mainly on flow lines
Mitigation
Thermal (Heating, insulation, etc)
Mechanical (Pigging, etc)
Chemical (Wax inhibitors)
HYDRATES – THE NIGHTMARE
FORMATION CURVE
PHASES DIAGRAM
MITIGATION METHODSHYDRATE PREVENTION – DEEP OFFSHORE
Hydrate: ice-like structures in which gas, most often
CH4, is trapped inside water molecules.
GIR: MAIN SITE CHARACTERISTICS
Key dates & FPSO characteristics
• 1st Oil GIR : 4th of December 2001
• 1st tanker loading: 31th of December 2001
• 1st Oil ROSA: 31st march 2007
• Dimensions : 300 m x 60 m x 31 m
• Spread mooring: 16 chain/cable lines
• Total wet weight: 400 000 t.
• Electric power: 3 x 25 MW
• Oil storage: 2 million barrels
• Offloading: Via SBM buoy or tandem
• Living quarters: 180 beds
• Emergency Evacuation capacity: 240 Pax
• Flare height : 97 m
Production/ treatment capacity
• Producer wells: 39 (ROSA 14), Water injectors: 24 (ROSA 9)
& Gas injectors: 2
• Production: 280 000 BPD (max). Today: 230 000 BPD.
• Sea water treatment: 300 000 BPD.
• Injection Water: 390 000 BPD @ 150 Bar
• Gas: 8 MNm3/d injected / exported @ 250 Bar
LISBON May 2012
GENERAL PROCESS OUTLINE
OIL PROCESSING
SEA WATER TREATMENT AND INJECTION
GAS PROCESSING AND INJETION / EXPORT
PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT AND REINJECTION
OIL STORAGE
OIL OFFLOADING
BALLASTING / VESSEL STABILITY
UTILITIES
Power Generation & Distribution
Inert Gas (CO2 and N2) Generation
Methanol, Diesel & Fresh water
Disposal (Open & Closed Drains + Flaring)
SEPARATION TRAIN
Wells and Risers testing
Gravity 3 phases separation + Crude oil washing
Stabilisation and storage
GAS PROCESSING AND INJECTION/EXPORT
Handle gas from separators and tanks
• Provide LP/MP and THP compression capability
• Provide Gas injection to reservoir
• Supply gas to LNG plant
• Supply Gas Lift for artificial lifting of the risers
• Supply Fuel Gas to power turbines
• Supply Blanketing gas for storage tanks
Processing Steps
• Liquid Knock out
• Cooling
• Compression
• Dehydration + methanol Injection
• Export / Injection
SEA WATER TREATMENT
Lift and process Sea Water
• Provide Sea Water for injection
• Supply cooling water
• Supply Utility water (Reverse Osmoses)
Processing Steps
• Sea water Intake
• Chlorine Injection
• Filtration (Coarse, Micro & Nano)
• Dearation / O2 scavenging
• Sulphate removal
• Pumping
• Injection
OIL EXPORT / OFFLOADING
OFFLOADING BUOYTANDEM OFFLOADING
Mode: Buoy or Tandem
Contractual
• Laycan and Offloading duration
• Crude Specifications
Quantity: Usually 1000 K bbls
Salinity: Up to 60 mg/l
BSW: up to 0.01%
• First or Second Port