INDEX

Absolute ages of zone boundaries, 19Acarinina densa Zone, 1005Afar Depression, 813, 815Age determination

benthic foraminifera, 19planktonic foraminifera, 19nannofossils, 19Radiolaria, 19

Algae, red, 39Algal oncolites, 823, 860Alkali olivine lavas, 816Alkalinity, 24Anahita Fracture Zone, 529Analcite, 860Anchimetamorphism, 422, 427Anchizone, 427, 428Angular unconformities, 314, 849Anhydrite, 595, 596, 598, 599, 821, 852, 857, 860, 879,

926,928, 947density of, 913sonic velocity, 913thermal conductivity, 909sulfur isotopes in, 949

Arabian Abyssal Plain, 114,124, 163, 174, 177, 509, 512,513,517,518boundaries of, 503

Arabian Basin, 504, 516Arabian Peninsula, 497Arabian Sea, 5, 503

bathymetric features, 503climate and currents, 504coccolith stratigraphy, 1091foraminifera zonation, 1001geochemistry of seawater, 505motion of the sea floor, 1119paleoecology of forams, 1005sediment sources and characteristics, 505source and distribution of clay minerals, 506stratigraphy, 1115water masses, 504

Aragonite, 505,512Arenaceous foraminifera, 42Atlantis II Deep, 539, 541, 550, 595, 852, 857, 947

bottom water temperatures, 595brine, 959lead isotopes, 943metal-rich muds, 7uranium-thorium-lead concentrations, 943

Authigenic minerals, Red Sea Sediments, 856Autolithification, 440, 441Axial rifting, 817Axial trough of the Red Sea, 754, 813, 879, 913, 917,

918,920Barium, 598, 599Basalt, 116, 117, 118, 120, 122, 125, 127, 163, 166, 167,

172, 179, 296, 596, 598, 599, 913, 943limestone bed in, 167sediment layers, 127, 179vesicles in, 995

Bathymetric features, Arabian Sea, 503Beds,

graded, 39, 166, 167, 172, 297, 316, 384, 392, 395,473, 486,497

nongraded, 474,488,497Benthonic foraminifera, see Foraminifera, benthonicBiogenic silica, 51, 52, 312Biogenic constituents, Red Sea sediments, 853Biostratigraphic synthesis, Leg 23 1095Bioturbation, 51, 167, 215, 221, 297, 386, 542, 603, 679,

859Bit weight, 13Black shales, 860,976Boron, 853, 956Bottom currents, 853Bottom water sampler, 28Bottom water temperatures, Atlantis II Deep, 595Bouguer anomalies, 817, 916Brahma Fracture Zone, 529Breaking circulation, 13Breccia, 297, 298, 307, 311, 316Brecciated zones, 302Brine, 596, 598, 599,943,959Brine deeps

cold, 996hot, 955

Brine facies, 858Brine pools, 600Brine precipitates, 857Brines

heavy metal-rich, 1123origin of, 995,996

Bromine, 841Bromoform separation, 929Bryozoans, 39,40Burrow structure, 38, 302, 483Burrows see BioturbationCalcareous nannofossils see Nannofossils, calcareousCandeina

nitida nitida Zone, 1101nitida praenitida Zone, 1101

Carbon, organic, 971Carbon and oxygen isotopes, 986Carbonate compensation depth, 52, 127, 170, 178, 179,

301, 392, 395, 505, 507, 510, 511, 512, 514, 516,517,518

Carbonate deep-sea sediments, 441diagenesis of, 429, 430, 440lithification of, 429, 440-441, 981

Carlsberg Ridge, 114, 124, 164, 425, 503, 504, 505, 513Chagos Ridge, 34Chagos Trench, 34Chalcedony, 439Chalks, silification of, 439Chert, 36, 38, 43, 49, 114, 115, 117, 119, 120, 127, 163,

164, 165, 167, 170, 174, 178, 315, 507, 508, 510, 518,1122compressional wave velocity measurement in, 172reflectors, 52, 114, 165

1173

Chiasmolithus grandis Zone, 388, 389, 1113Chlorite,

identification of, 424source of, 426

Chromium, 599Clay minerals

identification of, 424provenance of, 425variations of, 426

Climate and currents, Arabian Sea, 504Clinoptilolite, 439, 440Coccoliths see Nannofossils, calcareousDetrital sediments, 913Deuterium, 599, 969Deuterium/hydrogen ratio, 969, 970Diagenesis, 429,430,440Diagenetic uranium enrichment, 952Diffusime try-resistivity measurements, 27, 546, 609, 686Diffusion in shales and evaporites, 992Diffusion and migration of ions and gases, 992Dike swarms, tholeiitic, 816Discoaster

asymmetricus Zone, 543, 605, 1113barbadiensis Zone, 1113brouweri Zone, 543, 605,1113calcaris Zone, 389dilatus Zone, 19, 1113druggi Zone, 389exilis Zone, 389hamatus Zone, 1113kugleri Zone, 389lodoensis Zone, 1113pentaradiatus Zone, 543, 1113quinqueramus Zone, 605, 1113sublodoensis Zone, 20, 1113surculus Zone, 543, 605, 1113

Discovery Deep, 945Dolomite

geochemistry of, 871organic, 876rhombs, 855petrography of, 870recrystallization of, 870

Dolomitization, 873Downhole temperatures, 880Drilling disturbance, 13Drilling mud usage, 18Echinoid spines, 40Eh, 25Erosional escarpment, 813Ethane, 26Ethiopian Plateau Trap Series, 815Ethiopian Rift, 913Evaporites, 543, 601, 606, 613, 678, 681, 684, 691, 809,

849,857,909,947,957Mediterranean, 859Miocene, 916, 1122mobility of, 815origin of, 982, 994siltstone in, 943fossiliferous beds in, 1123rocks associated with, 988

Evaporite sequence, 539, 852, 945Fault-plane solutions, 816Faults, transform, 816Fecal pellets, 476Fish debris, 167, 169Flora, Cretaceous, reworked, 216Foraminifera, 215, 1095

basis for age determination, 19paleoecology of, 1005,Site 219, 39,42, 1006Site 220, 118, 1008Site 221, 168,1008Site 222, 1008Site 223, 298, 1008Site 224, 387, 1009Site 225, 543,Site 226, 597Site 227, 604,Site 228, 681,Site 229, 758,Site 230, 811test solution in, 1005zonations and assemblages

planktonicAcarinina densa Zone, 1005Candeina

nitida nitida Zone, 1063nitida praenitida Zone, 1063

Cenozoic zone boundaries, 1003Early Eocene, 1004Early Miocene, 1004Globigerina

bulbosa Zone, 1063bulloides Zone, 1063

Globigerina calida calida/Sphaeroidinelladehiscens excavata Assemblage Zone, 1003

Globigerinella siphonifera siphonifera Zone, 1063Globigerinita

uvula Zone, 1063,1101Globigerinoides

conglobatus canimarensis Zone, 1063, 1101Globorotalia

(Globorotalia)Zone, 1066pentacamerata Zone, 1005

Middle Eocene, 1004Oligocene, 1004Pliocene, 1003Quaternary, 1003Turborotalia

(Turborotalia) pachyderma Zone, 1069, 1101Formation factor, 28Fossiliferous beds in evaporitic strata, 1123Fracture zones,

Anahita, 529Brahma, 529Indira, 527Indrani, 527Owen, 527, 531Rudra, 529Shiva, 529

Framboidal texture, 478Gabbro,816

1174

Galena, 943Gas, 212, 214, 217, 541, 545, 755, 761, 767, 769, 943,

957,971geochemistry of, 25

Gastropod, 756Geochemical methods, 20, 956Geochemistry, 170, 216

alkalinity, 24Arabian Sea, 505diffusimetry-resistivity measurements, 27dolomite, 871ethane, 26gases, 25interstitial water analysis, 24methane, 26pH, 25pore fluid extraction, 21spectrochemical analysis, 22

Geothermal heat flux, 879Gephyrocapsa oceanica Zone, 389, 543, 605, 1113Glauconite, 43, 47Globigerina

bulbosa Zone, 1100bulloides Zone, 1101calida calida/sphaeroidinella dehiscens excavata

Assemblage Zone, 1003Globigerinella siphonifera siphonifera Zone, 1101Globigerinita

uvula Zone, 1063,1101Glob igerinoides

conglobatus canimarensis Zone, 1063,1101Globorotalia

pentacamerata Zone, 1005Goethite, 478,497Goethite-hematite facies, 596, 598, 599, 852Gold, 595Graded bedding, 39, 166,167, 172, 215, 297, 315, 316,

392,395,473,492-495,858Grading

inverted, 474symmetrical, 477

Grain density, 891Grape, 889Gravity anomalies, 909, 916Gravity sedimentation, 516Gulf of Aden, 522, 533,913Gypsum, 821,857Haü Arch, 814Halite, 823, 852, 857, 879Heatflow, 884

DSDP Red Sea sites, 885, 996Heavy metal enriched sediments, 1123Heavy metal-rich brines, 1123Heavy minerals, 168, 227, 392, 478, 853

analysis of, 931nonopaque, 497opaque, 497source of, 499ultrastable, 499see also specific mineral names

Helicopon tosphaeraampliaperta Zone, 1113reticulata Zone, 1113

Himalayan Orogeny, 178Himalayan Uplift, 212, 316,1121Hot brine, 855, 947, 955

origin of metalliferous, 955Hot-spot, 528Idiomorphic quartz crystals, 856Illite

identification of, 424source of, 425

ülite/montmorillonite (mixed layer)identification, 424source of, 426

Indian plate, northward drift of, 6, 521,1119,1121Indira Fracture Zone, 527Indrani Fracture Zone, 527Indus Cone, 6, 164, 165, 176, 177, 179, 211, 222, 384,

425,478,503,509,512,513,514,516,517,518density currents of, 425development of the, 490sediments of, 1122

Indus River, 165, 227, 503, 504, 505, 506, 508, 509,510,511,512,513,516,517,518

Interstitial water analysis, methods, 24Interstitial water chemistry, 953Intrastratal solutions, 499Inverted grading, 474Iron, 599, 852, 853Isotopes

carbon and oxygen, 986sulfur, 947

Kaoliniteidentification of, 424source of, 426

Kupferschiefer, composition of, 977Kuria Muria Island, 478, 497, 499Kuster Formation sampler, 541, 545Laccadive Islands, 34Laccadive-Chagos Ridge, 6, 34, 124, 128, 503, 504, 506,

508,509,527, 1121Laccadive-Maldive Ridge, 51, 164, 1119Lamination, 858

climbing ripple, 474cross, 474parallel, 475truncated fore-set, 474

Lamprophyre, 387, 390, 395Larger foraminifera, 42Lavas, alkali olivine, 816Leaching of salt, 994Lead, 595, 598,599Lead derived

from the mantle, 945from pelagic sources, 945in Red Sea sediments, 943isotopes of, 943, 945, 988

Limestone, 431crystallized, 168lithification of, 439

Lithificationdeep-marine carbonates, 429, 441limestone, 439nannofossil oozes, 440pelitic sediments, 441

1175

Lithified carbonates, Red Sea, 981Lithology of deep-marine carbonate sediments, 430Lussatite, 854Lysocline, 119,298,312,315,395,1006M reflector, 859, 860Magnesite, 821,857Magnesium, 599, 956Magnetic anomalies, 174, 179, 816, 913, 917, 920Maldive Islands, 34Manganese, 598, 599, 953Manganese nodule field, 943Mantle, 943

lead derived from, 945xenoliths, 816

Marthasterites tribrachiatus Zone, 389, 1113Masira Island, 478, 497, 499Mediterranean evaporites, 859Metalliferous

muds from the Atlantis II Deep, 3, 7sediment from the Pacific, 943,945black shale, 684deposits, 923, 943

Methane, 26, 957, 993Micarb, definition of, 15, 431Minerals, specific gravity of selected, 892Miocene

evaporites, 916,1122evaporites, mobility of, 815foraminifera zonation, 1004marine invasion of the Red Sea, 814

Molybdenum, 599, 852Monoclinal

downwarps, 816flexures, 817

Montmorilloniteidentification of, 425neoformation of, 428source of detrital, 426

Nannofossil oozes, lithification of, 440Nannofossils, calcareous

basis for age determination, 19ranges, 1073reworked, 43,215,304Site 219, 41Site 220, 118Site 221, 168Site 222, 216Site 223, 299, 302Site 224, 387Site 225, 543Site 226, 598Site 227, 605Site 228, 684Site 229, 758Site 230, 811

StratigraphyArabian Sea, 1091Red Sea, 1091zonation

Chiasmolithus grandis Zone, 388, 389Coccolithus doronocoides Zone, 543

Discoasterasymmetricus Zone, 543,.605, 1113barbadiensis Zone, 1113brouweri Zone, 543, 605, 1113calcaris Zone, 389dilatus Zone, 19, 1113druggi Zone, 389exilis Zone, 389hamatus Zone, 1113kugleri Zone, 389lodoensis Zone, 1113pentaradiatus Zone, 543, 1113quinqueramus Zone, 605, 1113sublodoensis Zone, 20, 1113surculus Zone, 543, 605, 1113

Gephyrocapsa oceanica Zone, 589, 543, 605,Marthasterites tribrachiatus Zone, 389,Pseudoemiliania lacunosa Zone, 543, 605,Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica Zone, 543, 605,Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus Zone, 389

Navigation, 11

Neoformation of montmorillonite, 428Neomorphism, 441Nepheloid layer, 490Ninetyeast Ridge, 51Nodular anhydrite, 860Nodule field, manganese, 943Nodules, pyrite, 856Nongraded beds, 474,488,495Nonopaque heavy minerals, 497Nontronite, 858Oceanic crust, 913, 915, 917, 920Oceanic mantle, 943Oligocene foraminifera zonation, 1004Oman Basin, 164, 227, 504Ommatartus antepenultimus Zone, 388, 389,Oncolites, 860Opaline silica, 439Opaque heavy minerals, 497Ostracods, 39, 40, 42Otoliths, 756, 760, 935,Owen Abyssal Plain, 223, 227Owen Basin, 504, 516, 517Owen Fracture Zone, 6, 114, 212, 222, 227, 292, 313, 315,

384, 393, 504, 515, 517, 522, 527, 530, 531, 1122Owen Ridge, 161, 222, 227, 292, 310, 314, 384, 504, 516,

517,518Owen Ridge, uplift of, 314, 394Oxygen and carbon isotopes, 986Olδ/Oló content, Red Sea Sediments, 939Paleoecology

benthic forams, 1005planktonic forams, 1005,

Paleogeographic reconstructions, 813Paleolatitude, 50, 222, 315Paleomagnetic data, 533

see also site reportsPaleontologic events, Leg 23, 1095Palygorskite, 855, 860, 867, 981

identification of, 425source of, 426

1176

Palynology, 544, 606, 684Pelecypods, 39, 756Pelitic sediments, lithification of, 441Phosphorite concretions, 38, 51, 52, 507Physical properties

comparative studies, 891compressional wave velocity, 29methods of, 29sediment porosity, 29sediment-water content, 29shipboard measurements of, 29specific acoustic impedance, 30thermal conductivity, 30wet bulk density, 29see also site reports

Pierre Shale, composition of, 977Planktonic foraminifera see Foraminifera, planktonicPlant debris, 166, 167Plate tectonics, 913,915Pleistocene Red Sea Shales, composition of, 977Plio-Pleistocene unconformity, 852Pliocene foraminifera zonation, 1003Pliocene unconformity, 852Podocyrtis

ampla fasciolata Zone, 1113mitra Zone, 1113

Poles of rotation, 913Polyhalite, 823, 857, 957, 985Pondicherry Formation, 506Pore fluid extraction, 21Pore water salinities, 599Pore water, Red Sea sediments, 939Porosity values, 889Potassium-argon measurements, 988Pressure solution, 431, 438Proto-Indus River, 508Proto-dolomite, 875Provenance

of clay minerals, 425of detrital minerals, 681

Pseudoemiliana lacunosa, 543,605, 1079, 1113Pteropods, 756, 758,811Pumice, 854Punch core, 13Pyrite, 852, 856,923, 925, 926,927, 929,930, 931, 932,

933,949,981Pyrite nodules, 479,856Quartz crystals, idiomorphic, 856Quartzine, 835Quaternary foram zonation, 1003Radiolaria

basis for age determination, 19Site 219,41,Site 220, 119Site 221, 169Site 222, 216Site 223, 300Site 224, 388Site 225, 544Site 226, 598Site 227, 605

Site 228, 684Site 229, 759Site 230, 811systematic paleontology,zonation

Ommatartusantepenultimus Zone, 388, 389

Ras Madrakah, 497Recent sediment sources, Arabian Sea, 505Recrystallization of dolomite, 870Red algae, 39Red Sea, 6, 7

axial trough of, 754, 813, 815, 913black shales, 976carbonates, 981deuterium in interstitial water, 969deuterium/hydrogen ratio, 969, 970downhole temperatures, 918geochemistry, 975heatflow measurements, 885heavy metal enriched sediments, 1123Miocene marine invasion, 814nannofossil stratigraphy, 1091paleogeographic reconstructions, 813physiography, 813sedimentation rates, 1122spreading history, 917, 1122stratigraphic record of, 813, 1122Tertiary sedimentary record, 814

Red Sea Depression, structure of, 814Red Sea sediments

authigenic minerals, 856biogenic constituents, 853evaporitic minerals, 857lead in, 943terrigenous constituents of, 855texture of, 858thorium in, 943uranium and thorium isotopes from, 952uranium in, 943volcanogenic constituents, 854see also Sites 225 to 230

Reflectorschert, 52M,859,860S, 7, 539, 550, 611, 678, 691, 809, 811, 849, 853, 859,

860,862,919, 1123Refluxion, 870Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica Zone, 543, 605, 1113Reunion Island, 528Rubidium, 844Rudra Fracture Zone, 519S reflector, 7, 539, 550, 611, 678, 691, 809, 811, 849, 853,

859,860,862,919, 1123Sabkha, 844, 859Salalah, 497Salt

flowage of, 849, 917,918,920, 1122leaching of, 994mechanical properties of, 917

1177

Salt diapir, 684, 691Salt pan clay, 977Sandline, 13Sea-floor spreading, 127, 174, 885, 915, 917, 919, 920,

1122Seawater, geochemistry of, 505Sedimentary structures, 473, 474, 858Sediment classification and nomenclature, 13Sediment in basalt, 127, 179Sediment porosity, 29Sediment source

Site 219, 507Site 220, 509Site 221, 510-512Site 223, 516

Sedimentation rate plots, 20Sedimentation rates, 1119,1121, 1122

Site 219, 43Site 220, 119Site 221, 170Site 222, 216Site 223, 301Site 224, 389Site 225, 530, 544Site 227,606Site 228, 684Site 229, 765

Sedimentation rates based on excess TI1230, 951Seismic events, 816Seismic profiling system, 12Sergipe (Brazil) tachyhydrite deposits, 986Shale, 947

black, 860composition of average, 977composition of Pleistocene (Red Sea), 977metalliferous black, 684Red Sea, nonblack, 981

Shallow-water basin model, 845Shallow-water origin of evaporites, 982Shiva Fracture Zone, 529Sidewall coring, 296, 384Silica

biogenic, 51, 312opaline, 439

Siliceous nodules, 169, 170Siliceous organisms, 38, 126Silification of chalks, 439Silver, 595, 598Sinai Peninsula, 814Site 219, 33

foraminifera, 39, 42, 1006geochemistry, 43glauconite, 47lithology, 36nannofossils, 41ostracods, 42presite survey, 36Radiolaria, 41reworked nannofossils, 43sediment source, 507sedimentation rates, 43subsidence, 50

Site 220, 113foraminifera, 118,1008lysocline, 119nannofossils, 118paleomagnetic measurements, 122physical properties, 120presite survey, 114sediment source, 509sedimentation rates, 119

Site 221, 167correlation of reflection profiles and lithology, 172foraminifera, 168, 1008lithology, 166magnetic anomalies near, 174paleomagnetic measurements at, 174physical properties, 170Radiolaria, 169reworked sediment, 166sediment source, 510-512sedimentation rate, 170

Site 222,211correlation of reflection profiles and lithology, 221foraminifera, 215, 1008gas occurrence, 212, 214, 217lithology, 214nannofossils, 216paleomagnetic measurements, 221physical properties, 216Radiolaria, 216sedimentation rates, 216sediments, source of, 428

Site 223, 291correlation of reflection profiles and lithologies, 310foraminifera, 298, 1008geochemistry, 307lithology, 296lysocline, 298nannofossils, 299, 302nannofossils, reworked, 304paleomagnetic measurements, 311physical properties, 307Radiolaria, 300sediment source, 516sedimentation rate, 301

Site 224, 383carbonate compensation depth, 293, 395correlation of reflection profiles and lithologies, 390foraminifera, 387, 1009heavy mineral fraction of sediments, 497light fraction of sediments, 497lithology, 386nannofossils, 387paleomagnetic measurements, 390physical properties, 389Radiolaria, 388sedimentation rate, 389

Site 225, 539correlation of reflection profiles and lithology, 550deuterium/hydrogen ratio, 969diffusimetry-resistivity measurements, 546foraminifera, 543geochemistry, 544

1178

heatflow measurements, 550interstitial waters, 545, 956isotope studies, 547lithology, 541major element analyses, 936nannofossils, 543palynology, 544physical properties, 547, 894Radiolaria, 544sedimentary summary, 849sedimentation rates, 544, 550thermal conductivity measurements, 884

Site 226, 595basalt, 943foraminifera, 597interstitial water, 956lithology, 596metalliferous mud, 943nannofossils, 598Radiolaria, 598sedimentary summary, 852

Site 227, 601correlation of reflection profiles and lithology, 611deuterium/hydrogen ratio, 969diffusimetry-resistivity measurements, 609foraminifera, 604geochemistry, 606heatflow measurements, 611interstitial water, 607, 956isotope measurements, 609lithology, 603Major element analysis, 936nannofossils, 684oxygen and carbon analyses, 687palynology, 684physical properties, 688Radiolaria, 684sedimentation rates, 684, 852sphalerite lenses, 945thermal conductivity measurements, 885

Site 229, 753correlation of reflection profiles and lithology, 764deuterium/hydrogen ratio, 969foraminifera, 758geochemistry, 760interstitial water, 761isotope studies, 762lithology, 755major element analyses, 939nannofossils, 758physical properties, 763pteropods, 758Radiolaria, 759resistivity measurements, 762reworked fossils, 760sedimentation rates, 760, 765sedimentary summary, 853thermal gradient, 882

Site 230, 809correlation of reflection profiles and lithology, 811foraminifera, 811geochemistry, 811

interstitial water, 957lithology, 810major element analyses, 939nannofossils, 811Radiolaria, 811sedimentary summary, 853

Slumping, 395, 396, 384, 389Sole mark, 474Solution welding, 440

of foram tests, 1005Sphalerite lenses, 945Specific gravity of selected minerals, 892Spectrochemical analysis, 22Spectrographic analyses, 923,935Sphalerite, 835, 856, 860, 923, 949Sphenolithus heteromorphus Zone, 1113Sphenolithus predistentus Zone, 1113Spotting mud, 13Spreading history, Red Sea, 917, 1122Spreading rate, 114, 174Stable isotope data, 873Stratigraphic terminology, 15Stratigraphy

Arabian Sea, 1115Red Sea, 813, 1122

Stromatolites, 844, 860Strontium, 844, 956Structures

burrow, 302, 483sediment, 473

Submarine volcanoes, 816Subsidence, 50, 528Suez rift, 913Sulfides, 947Sulfur, 947, 949Swedish "alum shale" C, composition of, 977Symmetrical grading, 477Tachyhydrite, 957, 986Taxonomy, planktonic foraminifera, 1009Temperature gradient, 884Temperature measurements, downhole, 918Terrigenous constituents, Red Sea sediments, 855Tertiary sedimentary record in the Red Sea, 814Tertiary volcanic rocks, 815Test solution in forams, 1005Theocampe mongolfieri Zone, 1113Thermal conductivity, 30, 882, 884, 885, 913, 918Thermal gradients, 489, 880-882Tholeiitic dike swarms, 816Tholeiitic basalt, 858Thorium in Red Sea sediment, 943,945, 952Thyrosocyrtis

bromia Zone, 1113triacantha Zone, 1113

Titanium, 599Torque up, 13Trace metal determinations, 956Trachybasalt, 297, 309, 315Transform faults, 816Transmissiometer measurements, 489Trap series, Ethiopian Plateau, 815Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus Zone, 389

1179

Truncated fore-set lamination, 474Tuff, 760, 853Tuffite, 756, 757,854,861Turbid layer, 509, 513, 516, 518Turbidites, 114, 125, 128, 168, 169, 174, 177, 179, 226,

227, 292, 316, 384, 393, 394, 422,478, 505, 509, 512,513,514,516,517,518

Turbidites, cone, 506Turborotalia

(Turborotalia) pachy derma, 1069,1101Ultrastable minerals, 478,499Unconformity, 43, 52, 120, 170, 247, 299, 300, 307, 386,

389, 394, 544, 550, 606, 684, 1119Unconformity, angular, 314, 849

Early Pliocene, 852Rio-Pleistocene, 852Plio/Pleistocene boundary, 852

Underway observations, 11Uplift of Himalyas, 212, 316, 1121

Owen Ridge, 314, 394Upwelling, 33,51,52, 128,179,300,312,316,396, 1121Uranium, thorium, lead concentrations

southern, Red Sea, Site 228, 945Atlantis II Deep, 943

Uranium and, thorium isotopes, 951, 952Uranium in Red Sea sediments, 943Vanadium, 852Variations of clay minerals, 426Vertical motion of the Arabian Sea floor, 1119Vesicles in basalt, 995Vishnu Fault, 530Volcanic tuff, 853Volcanic ash, 853Volcanic rocks, Tertiary, 815Volcanic sequences, weathering of, 945Volcanoes, submarine, 816Volcanogenic constituents, Red Sea sediments, 854Washing down, 13Water masses, Arabian Sea, 504Weathering of volcanic sequences, 945Wet bulk density, 29Xenoliths, 816X-ray mineralogy, methods of, 18Yemen Trap Series, 815Zalwat Selha coastal plain, 497Zebayir Island, 754, 755, 764, 766, 769Zinc, 595, 598, 599, 853Zone boundaries, absolute, ages of, 19

1180