deep ocean
DESCRIPTION
Deep Ocean. Deep Ocean.TRANSCRIPT
Deep Ocean
<1% of deep sea has been explored Most exploration in the past 35 years
Deep Ocean
depth 700 m
Deep OceanIt’s weird down here:
http://www.mbari.org/news/homepage/2007/deepchange-scotoplanes-350.jpg
http://www.darkroastedblend.com/2009/02/awesome-octopi-cephalopods-from-outer.html
http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/img/environment/bigisopod.jpg
http://www.naturalsciences.org/education/deepsea/images/
http://img.geo.de/div/image/59517/langnasenchimaere-popup.jpg
Deep OceanThen it gets even weirder when things seep out of the ocean floor...
http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/communic/endeavour/photo_e.htm
Hydrothermal Vents
Extreme conditions near vents: High temperature High chemical concentrations High acidity
Bacteria, archaea live closest to vents(up to 121°C!)
Hydrothermal Vents
Chemosynthesis – energy from chemicals, not the sun
Chemosynthetic bacteria, archaea:
Outside on rocks Inside some animals (tube worms, mussels, clams)
Hydrothermal Vents
http://www.teara.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/E84896E2-2F7E-4D2A-9D46-366B50558303/87497/p5365dop.jpg http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ncs/photos/grazers.jpg
http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20061007/a7741_2279.jpg
Hydrothermal Vents
An oasis of warmth and food
http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/communic/endeavour/photo_e.htm
Hydrogen sulfide Methane, oil, mud volcanos Brine
Cold Seeps
http://aphriza.files.wordpress.com/2006/07/methane_seep.jpg
NOAA
Oil droplets on orange methane hydrate
Cold Seeps
http://people.whitman.edu/~yancey/methaneventHR.jpg
Methane bubbles
Methane gas plumefrom mud volcano
NOAA
Methane seep communities Chemosynthetic bacteria, archaea
Outside on rocks Inside some animals (worms, clams)
http://people.whitman.edu/%7Eyancey/whitemat.jpg http://webmineral.com/specimens/Methanehydrate.jpg
Frozen methane hydrate with polychaete “ice
worms”
Cold Seeps
Methane seep communities
http://people.whitman.edu/~yancey/snailtowers.jpg
Cold Seeps
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030102
Brine pools: Gulf of Mexico was shallow sea that dried up in Jurassic period Thick layer of salts covered with sediment when seawater returned Salt seeps up through cracks in sediment
NOAA
Cold Seeps
Brine pools: Underwater lakes of super salty water Methane gases also seep out
NOAA
depth 700 m
Cold Seeps
Cold Seeps
NOAA
Chemosynthetic bacteria in mussels An oasis of food