©2016,AmazonWebServices,Inc.oritsAffiliates.Allrightsreserved.

AbbyFuller,Sr TechnicalEvangelist,AWSPeterWong,Travelex

June28,2017

DeepDiveonMicroservices andECS

Agenda

• Whataremicroservices?• LightningECSoverview• Let’sgetfeaturespecific• FlexibleorchestrationandECS• Containerlifecyclewithecs-cli• Customerusecase:Travelex

Whataremicroservices?

”Serviceorientedarchitecturecomposedoflooselycoupledelementsthathaveboundedcontexts.”

- AdrianCockroft

Monolithvs.Microservices

webserver

.package

OrderUI

OrderService

InventoryService

ShippingService

OrderUI

ShippingService

OrderService

InventoryService

CharacteristicsofMicroserviceArchitectures

DoonethingwellIndependent

Decentralized

Blackbox

Polyglot

Youbuildit,yourunit

AmazonEC2ContainerService

AmazonEC2ContainerService(ECS)

Highlyscalable,highperformancecontainermanagementsystem.

Eliminatestheneedtoinstall,operate,andscaleyourowncontainermanagementinfrastructure.

AmazonEC2ContainerService(ECS)

ECSprovidesamanagedplatformfor:

Containerorchestration

DeepAWSintegration

Clustermanagement

HowdoesECSmaptotraditionalworkloads?

Instances:standardEC2boxes.OnceregisteredtoaCluster,yourTasksrunhere

Services:layerthatmanagesandplacesTasks

Tasks:containerwrapperandconfigurationaroundprocessesrunningontheinstance

WhoisusingECS?

…andmanymore!

WhyECS?

• Fullymanaged• Sharedstateoptimistic

scheduling• NativeCloudwatch integrationfor

monitoringandlogging• NativeintegrationwithCode*

servicesforCI/CD

ChooseyourownScheduler

BatchJobs

• ECStaskscheduler• Runtasksonce• Batchjobs• RunTask (random)StartTask(placed)

Long-RunningApps

ECSserviceschedulerHealthmanagementScale-upandscale-downAZawareGroupedcontainers

Let’sget(feature)specific

AmazonECSTaskPlacement

• Ataskplacementstrategyisanalgorithmforselectinginstancesfortaskplacement,ortasksfortermination

• Ataskplacementconstraintisaruletakenintoconsiderationduringtaskplacement

• Strategiesandconstraintscanbeusedtogether

Howcanstrategiesandpoliciesbeused?

Name Example

AMIID attribute:ecs.ami-id==ami-eca289fb

AvailabilityZone attribute:ecs.availability-zone==us-east-1a

InstanceType attribute:ecs.instance-type==t2.small

DistinctInstances type=“distinctInstances”

Custom attribute:stack==prod

Multiplestrategiesaresupported

???

Binpacking Random Spread

Howitworks

ClusterConstraints SatisfyCPU,memory,andportrequirements

Filterforlocation,instance-type,AMI,orcustomattributeconstraintsIdentifyinstancesthatmeetspreadorbinpackplacementstrategy

Selectfinalcontainerinstancesforplacement

CustomConstraints

PlacementStrategies

Applyfilter

AmazonECSEventStreamforCloudwatchLogs• Receivenearreal-timeupdatesaboutboththecurrentstateofboththecontainerinstanceswithintheECSCluster,andthecurrentstateofalltasksrunningonthosecontainerinstances.• Canbeusedtobuildcustomschedulers,ortomonitorclusterstateandhandlethosestatechangesbyconsumingeventswithotherAWSservices,suchasLambda.

FlexibleorchestrationandECS

Flexibilityisaboutchoices

Orchestrationplatformsshouldhave:

• Sensibledefaults• Theabilitytoextendandcustomize

Pickone,oracombinationofboth.

Firstoff:youhaveoptions

Spoileralert:Iliketheconsole

Whytheconsole?• JSON• Quickertotestandgetstarted• Visualfeedback• JSON

Buttheconsoleisnotforeveryone

Ifyou’recustomizingorautomating,theCLImightbeabetterchoice.

Enterecs-cli:• Opensource• TakesDockercomposefiles• UsedtomanagecontainerlifecyclesfromstarttofinishonECS

I<3CLIs

Containerlifecyclewithecs-cli

Firststop:creatingacluster

$ aws ecs create-cluster --cluster-name ”summit"

Shouldreturnsomethinglike:

{

"cluster": {

"status": "ACTIVE",

"clusterName": ”summit",

"registeredContainerInstancesCount": 0,

"pendingTasksCount": 0,

"runningTasksCount": 0,

"activeServicesCount": 0,

}

}

Then,createatask

$ aws ecs register-task-definition --cli-input-jsonfile://path/summit.json

YoucanalsouseaJSONstring:

$ aws ecs register-task-definition --family summit --container-definitions "[{\"name\":\”summit\",\"image\":\”alpine\",\"cpu\":10,\"command\":[\"sleep\",\"360\"],\"memory\":10,\"essential\":true}]"

Next,useourtasktocreateaservice

$ aws ecs create-service --service-name summit--task-definition summit --desired-count 2

Youcanaddmoreparametershere,suchasplacementstrategy.YoucanalsoregisteryournewservicewithanELB/ALB.

Summitsareprettypopular.Let’sscaleup.

$ aws ecs update-service --service summit --desired-count 4

Wecouldusethissamecommandtoscaledown(whichwe’lllookatnext),butalsotoupdatethetaskdefinition.Effectively,deployanewversion!

Wedon’twanttowasteresourcesthough,solet’sscalebackdown

$ aws ecs update-service --service my-http-service --desired-count 2

Inaproductionenvironment,thisissomethingwemightwanttohandleinresponsetootherevents:autoscaling!

Wecanalsoquerystate

$ aws ecs describe-services --service summit

ThisreturnsATONofinformationaboutourservice:mostimportantly,itshowsusourcurrentdeployment,andwhateventsarehappeninginourcluster:

"events": [{

"message": "(service summit) has reached a steady state."

ByeLondon!

$ aws ecs delete-cluster --cluster summit

Importanttonotethatwehavetoscaleourservicedownto0,andremovetheservicebeforerunningthis:justincase!

$ aws ecs update-service --service summit --desired-count 0

$ aws ecs delete-service --service summit

Customerusecase:TravelexPeterWong

FirstopenedinLondonin1976,Travelexisaworldleadingforeignexchangeexpertwithpresencein29countries,agrowingonlineandmobileforeignexchangeplatformandanetworkof1,000ATMsand1,500stores

Travelexataglance

Travelexataglance1980

35

1990 2000 2010

1976:FirststoreopensinSouthamptonRow,London

1982:FirstferryoutletopensontheP&O

ferryservingRotterdam

1984:Firstoverseasbranchopensinthe

Netherlands,NorthSeaterminal,Rotterdam

1986:Firstnon-bankFXprovideratHeathrowT4

1989:FirstbranchesopenedintheUSA,inJFK

airport

1990:FirstbranchesopenedinAustralia,Brisbane(Domesticterminal)

2016:40th anniversary

2015:FirstexclusiveforeignexchangeprovideratHeathrow

airport

2015:TravelexsoldtoDrShettyandMrSaeed

BinButti

2014:Travelexembarksondigital

transformationstrategy

2004:TravelexopensinChina

2003:TravelexopensinIndiaandtheMiddleEast(inOman)

2003:TravelexpartnerswiththeNationalTheatretolaunch

Travelexticketseason

2001:TravelexacquiresThomasCookFS

1999:Travelexacquires

Barclay’sFXintheUK– start

ofvault

1995:AbbeyNationalbuysa33%stakeofTravelex–takeoveroftheirFX

2017:TravelexWirelaunches

• Deliverinternationalpaymentssecurely atscale

• EngineeringChallenges:• E2EEncryption• E2EAuditability(build,test,release,deploy,runtime)– compliance• Ingressandegresssecurity• Multi-tenancy– multipleclients• ReusableAPIdrivencomponents– crossproducts• ContinuousDeployment• 24/7operations

Engineering@Travelex

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• Singlefunction• Composable• Reducerisks• Reducetimetomarket• Increasedevelopmentflexibility• Increaseoperationalflexibility• …

Developmicro-servicesarchitecture

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38

• Codebase• Dependencies• Config• Backingservices• Build,Release,Run• Process

• Portbinding• Concurrency• Disposability• Dev/prodparity• Logs• Adminprocess

Developmicro-servicesarchitecturefollowing12-FactorApp

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• Codebase• Dependencies• Config• Backingservices• Build,Release,Run• Process

• Portbinding• Concurrency• Disposability• Dev/prodparity• Logs• Adminprocess

Developmicro-servicesarchitecturefollowing12-FactorAppwithAWSECS

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• Codebase• Dependencies• Config• Backingservices• Build,Release,Run• Process• Portbinding

• Concurrency• Disposability• Dev/prodparity• Logs• Adminprocess

Developmicro-servicesarchitecturefollowing12-FactorAppwithAWSECS

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• Cloudfront• ClassicELB• RDS• ECS• Route53• SES• SQS• SNS• S3• Nginx(reverseproxy)

ServiceprovisioningviaCloudformation

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• Cloudfront toNginx• ServicetoService• ServicetoInternet

(3rd parties)• ServicetoRDS• Hashicorp Vault(PKI)

E2EIngressandEgressFlows

• Retrievearatefroma3rd party• Apply%margin• Applynumericalmethodstofixquoteside

Example:fetchingarate

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Thank You

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Thankyou!