decision-making and motor behavior. 2 inputcentral processing output
TRANSCRIPT
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Decision-making and Motor Behavior
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Input Central Processing
Output
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Welford’s (1976) Hypothetical Model of Information Processing
From: Welford, A.T. (1976) Skilled Performance: Perceptual and Motor Skills. Scott, Foresman and Company: Palo Alto, CA.
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What is the decision process?
In the decision process performers develop a plan or strategy for the movement.
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What does reaction time measure?
Afferent flow of information
Processing of information by the brain
Efferent flow of information
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Fractionated Reaction Time
Premotor Reaction Time
Motor Reaction Time
Total Reaction Time
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From Magill, R.A. (2007). Motor Learning and Control: Concepts and Applications (8th ed.). McGraw Hill: New York, pp 183.
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Reaction time= Premotor RT + Motor RT
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Define
Simple Reaction Time
Choice Reaction Time
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Memory Drum Theory
Franklin Henry provided the Memory Drum Theory– Fischman, Christina, and Anson– Klapp– Hide’s thesis
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What is information and how is information measured?
Limited capacity of the decision process
Single channel processing
Bottleneck in the system
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Uncertainty
Number of possible alternatives (CRT)– Number of stimuli– Vary the probability of occurrence– Sequential dependencies
Predictability– Temporal uncertainty– Spatial uncertainty– Event uncertainty– Perceptual uncertainty
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BITS
BITS measures the complexity and uncertainty of information
Calculation of BITS
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Perceptual Discrimination
Just Noticeable Difference
– Being able to detect differences in stimuli if they in fact exist
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/04/magazine/04Rivera-t.html?_r=1
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Psychological Refractory Period (The Fake)
The psychological refractory period is created when two signals are presented in succession
It’s the time it takes to respond to a fake and realize it is a fake when the real move is recognized and the performer has to initiate a new response
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From Magill, R.A. (2007). Motor Learning and Control: Concepts and Applications (8th ed.). McGraw Hill: New York.
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Facts about the Psychological Refractory Period
RT to the first signal is the same as when stimulus 1 is presented alone
RT to the second signal is almost always longer If the interstimulus interval (ISI) is less than 100 msec
sometimes the performer responds to only one signal Practice will not improve the psychological refractory
period The psychological refractory period can be
eliminated if the performer knows where stimulus 2 will occur
The psychological refractory period is a central phenomenon. It is not sensory or motor.
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Activity Groups
Temporal Uncertainty
Event Uncertainty
Perceptual Uncertainty
Spatial Uncertainty
Define the concept and provide a minimum of 3 examples of movement exemplars of these ideas