DEC.ASSIFIED AND R[LEASED BY - dCEN'1RAL, INTEt ISENC.E ABENCYSOURCES METHDS EXEMPT 10N212 -

SNAZLWSAR CRIMESOISCLOSURE ACTDATE 2002 2006

Copy No

CSDIC( ) -:! SEET

Br.ON°°-° ~ S':CI INT.iRROG:,TION Z,.'ORT

S0 Ostubcf Dr 'udolf OBSGRR-.D3R

SRichard ROPP . W9 -

(Ref Briof IB/B3/F 9445 dattd 2 Jul 46. __ - --

Soo also CSDIC(-...) SIR 29 dated 2 : y 46, an a i -

CSDIC(iE.A) SR 0040 datod 31 May 46) -(Ua t i

Prisoner worked in "Untzrnohen Zcpolin" from surzsinr 42 to endautuan 43, In addi.tion ho occasionally atten1ad e c onference s of thospocialists of the "Unterneorn n ri.ght up to tho end of the war, whenthe bzisic problem of the GIS in Tussian territory vere discussed.Since at. that time he no longer actually b.elonged to the organisatio..,he has no very dctaiod lcaovrledge of tho uatter. The infra which he cangive is thoroforo lim::ited.

2. All detailed reports and collatcd info on the CAUCASUS c un&rthe following reforance nuibors in ilt VI RSHA: VI C., VI CZ, VI C(1 - 3),and to a smoll oxtont VI C 4. Prisoner suggosts that correspondinginvestigations shoulc. b :.do among the documints Gaptured fro:.. theGermans by the British ond. American IS (the documents of art VI vrichwore not destroyed before evacuation wore sent in a closca transportto the orgoncy quarters in the SOUTH, a place on the Thuringian-Bavarian border servod by a rly stn on the BRIZ'N1-WNrICH line). Vuryfcw docurxnnts were tcJkon to FI21TSBURG.

3, . In this connectim ?risoner iaakes special :..ention of a comprehensivoprinted or hootogroa d work, "KAUK.SUS Denkschrift", in book for.:., whichcontained .an c)ollent .suryey of all historical, econoric, cultural endother infro on the CAUC:SUS, and several v cry good maps, It is the worko6 Prof AC 'TELI (G orgian .zigrd of thc 1914-18 War);- it novor appeared.on the ner t end was not given public circulation,

II. GIS OGT.TICES DI2CTED .L.IhST Ti2 uAUC.1US

4, General

Until the fusion of the Ger.:an politica. a nd :.ilitary forei0n intservices in 191;4, Azit VI of the PS% workedcn its own as a -oliticalforeign int scrvace, cuito indopendent of ;Ut Ausl u Abw of the Ox;i,which was a miljifeg foreign int servico. "Unternehmon Zeppelin" in

uAt VI had its equivalent as a political foreign m t cu rag an tho"Unternehnon Wally" of :..t .usl u Abv,. Both of these operations were-directed against ;he v;hole, of the unoccupied zone of th1e USSR, and alsoagainst the C.UC:'SiS. "Unterneha:en Wo:ally" functioned bn a _;uch widerbasis than "Unternehnen Zeppelin", an i had :.:ore :.eans ;at its disoosal.

CG "Unternchrmen WTally" vas directed by Obstlt BAUiT, who in 1 942 had hisIiQ nr .RASTENBURG/.2AST RUSSIA _,

Obstlt SCHIENfIG and Obstlt LINi-LDT worked agair t the CAUC..SUS2 in militarj t'Trs' for the Gerrian Hocroegruppe SUD. Sdf SCHON rorkedon jIlIQARDT's (or BATI's) staff, in a castle nr V.INNITSA/UR.:INE.

Th-were the follovwing di visions "lithin "Unternchmen Zeppelin",according to the distribution of the population in the CAUCASUS:

oth Caucaoian oprca ti:>ns;Georgian operatinns; .--Azerbaiaan oporations; R'ECC0D COPYAr..nian o,:ations. o

(In tlus. conneotion th ro 'd "opxrati -n" inu-lius a single :.dvidual rct ofospionage,

Thu leaders of "Unternuehcn Zoppe1in1 ver convinced that of all thoivglons of tho Soviet Union, the C.UCASUS in partacular offered ~ .saially

yovurable oportunitaus for int operatins, for the foll-owing roasons :- .a) Terrain

Hills, woods, lonely country - but c.lso populous to n(:ountrins alwaysoffor grmat dfficultics fro:.a a flying point of vicw ao r garde thelanding of agonts by parachuto).

b) Folitical Tondunciis

It is a fact that the Caucasian pooplo wore only incorporated intoRUSSIA in tho 19th century, and then in son regions only after abitter struggle. Opposition (of a National Soparatist nature)against .tho Tsarist and Bolshevist rogi Xs has always bcon v ery ,moh

{ sKV in ovidonce in .the QAUCASUS, and has manitost-a itself in a practicalvmty, The CAUCASUS-has a rual tradition not only of anti-Toishovism,but also of anti-Russian nesistanco.

o) Roiion

The North Caucasien hill poople and the people of :ZEBilJ:A arefollowrs of ISLI (Shiitos, like the Persians). While tho Bolshevistideal has replaced the old Orthodox Christian belief to a large cxtent

r in RUSSIA, this has harrcned to a far loss degroe in thu case of theIslarites. The foroLr Islaidtes ar: bound for the. most part by aeoZparatively stronger religious tie and are therefore less open to .Bolshevist influence, For this ruason they arc uoro susceptible toanti-Bolshevist propaganda.

d) 'Other Favourable Circuustances

Aronians, and :ore particularly Georgians (Grusin'ans), ar s cattorodthroughout the wholo of the Russian territory. M2reovur Georgiansare playing an increasingly im:pbrtant part in t-he $olshovist hiorarchy(STijlN-JUCGAS:1TILI and BlRIJA are of Georgian orig;n; they haveplaced follow-countrynen in iportant positions). Thus the CAUCASUShad to be rigardcd not only as a Russian buffer-stato, but as a basefrom which thc whole of RUSSIA could. be attacked.

5 Sumtoary of actual GIS Ovrations carried out in the CAUCASUS

In 1942-43 the operations carried out by "Unttrnehmen Zepxelin"against the CAUCASUS wre dir-ctod mainly against the North Caucasian andGeorgian regions. The chief reason for this was that ther- were largernumibers of agents available vho wore suitable for this arca. As long asthe Front rerancd in or near the CAUC.US (1942), the majority of the agentsdostined for work in the North Caucasian region could be sent through thelincs (the nature of the Eastcr Front was such that, given a kn-iowledge ofthe country,' ono could always find gaps through which agents could be passed).The North Caucasian operations wore bogun without the help of 7T sets andoperators, but the Georgian groups which were established at the saV tinjohad WT cgpt. The Georgian agents mere taken by air to the zone ofoperations and droppod by parachute. The aircraft czployed were based onEOP ATORI/CR TMRA.

Even after the C'.UCASUS und. the territory-adjoiqing it had buen ovacuatedby the Goro-. ns (ond 42/bog 43), agents were still passud through tholines towards the CAUC:ZUS. These so-called "close-range" operationswore carried out in su: r 43 by the Aussenkdos l2RCH and TAG.- FCG woringfor the Htkdo SOUThi RUSSIA of "Unternah2n Zecplin". Th- execution ofthese operations (also called "ground operations") wa-.s the sole responsibilityof the AussenkCaos. The Eptkdo and the B:.LIT Staff only laid down therough outlines. Lik.iuo in su::or 43 spocialisod groups of agcntsequipped with 'JT left SAROBUZ/CRI 5A and K_.RIU:JL airfields, with a viowto landing by parachuto in NC.Th CAUC .US, GEORGIA, NORTH AZERBAIJAN andTU1GST1N.

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