DCAF Defence Reform Programming Valeri R. RATCHEV ratchevv@yahoo.com @ratchevv

DCAF a centre for security, development and the rule of law

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OSCE PCU,Verkhovna Rada & Ministry of Defence Visit to DCAF and GICHD 10th-11th-12th October 2016

DCAF’ defence reform programming

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T O P I C S

DEFENCE REFORM PROGRAMMES

Defence reform (2000 – 2004)

NATO Defence Institution Building (2004 +)

Building Integrity (2013+)

Democratic civil-military relations

CMR and democratic control legal arrangements (international norms transfer)

• Personnel policy • Budgeting • Procurement • Outsourcing • ”Urgent” decisions • Military operations • Surplus equipment

and infrastructure utilisation

• Military business • Ombuds institution

Parliamentary oversight of defence policy

Civilians in defence

Defence transparency Integrated defence resource management

Defence policy accountability Gender equality

Security and defence strategy Military education (curricula development and training

“Citizen in uniform”

Core services in the field of defence reform

Strategic advice to governments and international organisations on the development of defence reform and building integrity policy

Needs assessments

Programme design

Monitoring and evaluation

Tools and guidance development

Awareness raising

Capacity-building and training

Knowledge services; publications

Coaching

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DCAF’ counterparts in defence reform

Defence policy executives

Members of parliaments, parliamentary committees and staffers

Military institutions

Educational and research institutions; lecturers and trainers

Ombudspersons

Media

Expert networks

Civil society organisations

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DCAF’ defence reform framework

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…strategically effective military, whose leadership provides sound advice and professional command,

How we do it?

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Democratically elected and strategically competent

civilian authorities control…

and both are overseen by an educated and

informed civil society, complemented by a

critical free press and a properly managed national business

…strategically effective military, whose

leadership provides sound advice and

professional command,

DCAF’s holly trinity of defence policy

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Democratic defence policy

DEMOCRACY (civil-military relations)

Transparency & Accountability

Effectiveness & efficiency

How we do it?

The “golden standard”

of democratic defence institution

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Balanced institution

Full civilian political

supremacy

Realistically defined mission

and functions

Clear division of

responsibilities – political,

administrative, military

Military and civilian

professionalism

Transparency, accountability

and responsibility

Political directing and management:

Policy Guidance

Resource Management Decisions

Defence Acquisition

Research & Development

Proper division of labour between MoD and the military HQ

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Acquisition

Integrated resource

management

Required defence

capabilities

Defence policy guidance

Intelligence and analytical

inputs

Whole-of government inputs

President, Parliament other stakeholders inputs

Doctrine

Personnel

Education

Training

Equipment

Maintenance

Organisation

Readiness

Imperatives of the Armed Forces

Plans, Programmes, Budgets

Leade

rship

Management

Command

DCAF’ defence institution benchmark model

Political cabinet

Minister

State secretary

Chief of Defence

MoD administration

Armed Forces

Minister

Adm

inis

trativ

e

secr

etar

y

Chief of GS

Department Commanders

of services

DM DM

Department

Department Department

Department

Department

Defence staff Armed Forces

Joint forces command

Chiefs of services (mobilisation, training,

logistics)

A benchmark defence organisation with more internal checks and balances

DCAF’s transparency and accountability nexus (T&A derive from the principles of democracy)

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Democracy

Legitimation of authorities

through participation and scrutiny

Transparency Openness

OPEN GOVERNMENT More effective

democracy

In the democratic process, the legitimation of any authority requires setting off political objectives and taking out political actions that have to be properly understood. To “understand” requires ability to to have access to relevant data and to “get into the process” of decision-making. The understanding is a precondition for participation: higher participation presupposes better democracy. Higher participation means accountability. BUT the accountability for public policy is an arena of conflict.

Accountability

DCAF’s benchmarks of defence data for public release

Minimum: Strategic level documents

Law, bi-laws and other regulations

Defence budget

Leadership

Organigrams of MoD and the AF

Contracts and tender documents above…. (particular sume)

Civilian and military staff pay

Peyments made by the MoD over ...

Operational fatality and casualty data and statistics

AF manpower statistics

AF social studies and servant’s opinion data 13

DCAF’ approach to building integrity

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The institutional construct

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Source: Transparency International

Our understanding

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Integrity

DCAF’ BI strategic approach Reduce perceived rewards of corrupt behaviour (reduce

marginal benefits)

AND

Increase the expected costs (increase marginal costs)

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Money equivalent

benefits and costs

Corrupt Actions

Marginal Benefits

Marginal Costs

Reduction in the cost of corruption

to the public

Reduce anticipated rewards of corrupt

behavior Increase expected costs of corrupt

behavior

Fewer cases of corruption

DCAF in the BI programme

Publication: Building Integrity and Reducing Corruption in Defence: A Compendium of Best Practices, in 14 languages by now, http://dcaf.ch/Publications/Building-Integrity-and-Reducing-Corruption-in-Defence

Awareness raising in the Caucasus, Central Asia, SEE, and elsewhere

BI capacity building in South-Eastern Europe in 2013 and 2014

Multilingual BI knowledge portal “Integrity in Defence & Security,” http://defenceintegrity.eu/

BI curriculum development

Tailored “knowledge materials”

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Closing

We provide support based only on our own: Knowledge Experience Studies

We always tailor our work to concrete needs

We always put “democracy first” and “the military first”

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