dawn of the industrial age
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Dawn of the Industrial Age. Mr. Divett. Industrial Revolution. People used to live in farming villages. In the mid-1700s machines replaced simple tools. This started in Britain. This became known as the Industrial Revolution. Farming Village. Pre-Industrial Revolution. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Dawn of the Industrial Age
Mr. Divett
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Industrial Revolution
• People used to live in farming villages.• In the mid-1700s machines replaced simple
tools.• This started in Britain.• This became known as the Industrial
Revolution.
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Farming Village
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Pre-Industrial Revolution
• People knew little about the world outside of their town.
• Most people had never travel further than a horse drawn cart could take them.
• Most people: – Grew their own food– Lived in cabins– Lived by firelight and candle
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Travel
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Farming
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Industrial Revolution
• Changes from the Industrial Revolution:– Shift to towns and cities from villages– Purchasing of clothing and food– Travel by way of train and steamship– Communication by telegraph– Advances in science
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Steam Locomotive
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New Innovations
• The first use of anesthetic in dental work occurred between 1830 and 1855.
• The first sewing machine invented by an American.
• The speed of light was measured by a French physicist.
• Antiseptic techniques reduced death from childbirth.
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Sewing Machine
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More Changes
• Skyscrapers• Suburbs
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Agriculture Spurs Industry
• Farming methods were unchanged for 11,000 years.
• The Dutch were responsible for some of the first agricultural innovations:– Dikes– Fertilizer
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British Improve on Dutch Methods
• Farming ideas spread through journals.• New ideas:– Mixing soils– Crop Rotation– Turnips growing to restore exhausted soil– Seed drill, invented by Jethro Tull
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Jethro Tull
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Seed Drill
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Enclosure
• The British Parliament passed legislation that facilitated enclosure.
• Enclosure is the taking over and consolidation of peasant land for farming.
• Farm output increased.• Laborers found themselves out of work and
had to move to cities to work with machines.
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Population Increase
• Britain’s population increased from 5 million in 1700 to almost 9 million in 1800.
• Europe’s population rose from 120 million yo 180 million for the same period.
• This was due to:– Reduced risk of death– Surplus of food– Better hygiene and sanitation
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Population Increase
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New Technology
• New energy:– Coal– Steam
• Thomas Newcomen developed steam engine in 1712
• James Watt perfected it 1764 and it became the main power source of the Industrial Revolution.
• Steam was used to power locomotives and steamships
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James Watt
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Iron
• Coal was used to smelt iron, or separate the iron from its ore.
• This technique was pioneered by the Darby family.
• Iron was less expensive and better quality from the new technique.
• Abraham Darby III built the worlds first iron bridge.
• Iron later became used in railroads.
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Iron
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First Iron Bridge